Workshop report: strategic planning workshop on recovering Banana production in BBTD affected areas: community and farm household approaches

Banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) caused by the Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV, genus Babuvirus, family Nanoviridae) renders plants unproductive and eventually kills affected plants. BBTD spreads into new fields along with infected planting material and through the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa, which is widespread in all banana and plantain-producing areas. BBTD was first reported from Africa in 1901, however, extensive spread into new production areas has been observed during the last two decades. The disease has very recently invaded Benin and Nigeria in West Africa in addition to limited spread within the Kivu provinces (Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC), neighbor to the largest banana-producing country in Africa - Uganda.Currently, Bunchy top has been recorded in 35 countries across Africa, Asia, Australia and the South Pacific Islands, including Hawaii (USA), but not in the Americas. In Africa, occurrence has been confirmed in 14 countries, namely Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo Republic, DRC, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda and Zambia

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Contribution a l'etude du virus associe a la maladie du bunchy top des bananiers

Diplôme : Dr. d'Universit

Molecular variability of Banana mild mosaic virus (BanMMV)

International audienc

Biology, etiology, and control of virus diseases of banana and plantain

Control of Plant Virus Diseases - Vegetatively-Propagated Crops PlantainBanana and plantain (Musa spp.), produced in 10.3 million ha in the tropics, are among the world's top 10 food crops. They are vegetatively propagated using suckers or tissue culture plants and grown almost as perennial plantations. These are prone to the accumulation of pests and pathogens, especially viruses which contribute to yield reduction and are also barriers to the international exchange of germplasm. The most economically important viruses of banana and plantain are Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), a complex of banana streak viruses (BSVs) and Banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV). BBTV is known to cause the most serious economic losses in the “Old World,” contributing to a yield reduction of up to 100% and responsible for a dramatic reduction in cropping area. The BSVs exist as episomal and endogenous forms are known to be worldwide in distribution. In India and the Philippines, BBrMV is known to be economically importan

From diagnostic tools to decision: how to secure germplasm exchanges when plants harbor infective banana streak virus sequences in their genome

Numerous plants harbor viral sequences of known viruses in their genome albeit the integration in the host genome is not required in the life cycle of plant viruses. In banana, sequences of Banana streak virus (BSV) integrated within the B genome of banana plants as eBSV (endogenous BSV) spontaneously participate to plant infection by releasing a functional viral genome following stresses. The inability to identify such eBSV-risked plant has hampered the banana germplasm exchange and the use of the B genome in the breeding programs over the last 20 years. Besides, intensive cropping of banana containing risked eBSV such as plantain (cooking banana) represents a real threat of disease emergence not only for plantain but also for nearby plantations of dessert banana which is strongly susceptible to the disease. We elucidated the sequence and organization of eBSVs for three BSV species in the diploid M. balbisiana cultivar Pisang Klutuk Wulung (PKW), showing that eBSGFV and eBSOLV were di-allelic, with one infectious and one non-infectious allele, whereas that eBSIMV was monoallelic [1, 2]. Based on the sequences and the structure of these eBSV we developed several PCR and Derived Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (dCAPS) markers and tested their robustness by genotyping each eBSV from numerous Musa samples covering a wide range of Musa diversity [3]. We used them to currently establish the eBSV ID of banana candidates (from the international Musa Germplasm Transit Center (ITC) (KU Leuven), EMBRAPA collection…) and their potential BSV phenotype. Our results and knowledge recently gained on eBSV allowed us to lift the international moratorium established in 2000 on the B genome movement, and its use in breeding programs. As part of the Musanet Conservation Thematic Group, which is composed of an international panel of scientific experts, we recently established a strategy (decision tree) for the safe distribution of eBSV-containing Musa germplam through Quarantines and indexing centers 4]. We also helped produce interspecific hybrids with disarmed eBSV [5] or without eBSV [6] and strongly involved in the modification of the French National rules authorizing now the introduction of risked natural plantain for their intensive cropping in Martinique and Guadeloupe

From diagnostic tools to decision: how to secure germplasm exchanges when plants harbor infective banana streak virus sequences in their genome

Numerous plants harbor viral sequences of known viruses in their genome albeit the integration in the host genome is not required in the life cycle of plant viruses. In banana, sequences of Banana streak virus (BSV) integrated within the B genome of banana plants as eBSV (endogenous BSV) spontaneously participate to plant infection by releasing a functional viral genome following stresses. The inability to identify such eBSV-risked plant has hampered the banana germplasm exchange and the use of the B genome in the breeding programs over the last 20 years. Besides, intensive cropping of banana containing risked eBSV such as plantain (cooking banana) represents a real threat of disease emergence not only for plantain but also for nearby plantations of dessert banana which is strongly susceptible to the disease. We elucidated the sequence and organization of eBSVs for three BSV species in the diploid M. balbisiana cultivar Pisang Klutuk Wulung (PKW), showing that eBSGFV and eBSOLV were di-allelic, with one infectious and one non-infectious allele, whereas that eBSIMV was monoallelic [1, 2]. Based on the sequences and the structure of these eBSV we developed several PCR and Derived Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (dCAPS) markers and tested their robustness by genotyping each eBSV from numerous Musa samples covering a wide range of Musa diversity [3]. We used them to currently establish the eBSV ID of banana candidates (from the international Musa Germplasm Transit Center (ITC) (KU Leuven), EMBRAPA collection…) and their potential BSV phenotype. Our results and knowledge recently gained on eBSV allowed us to lift the international moratorium established in 2000 on the B genome movement, and its use in breeding programs. As part of the Musanet Conservation Thematic Group, which is composed of an international panel of scientific experts, we recently established a strategy (decision tree) for the safe distribution of eBSV-containing Musa germplam through Quarantines and indexing centers 4]. We also helped produce interspecific hybrids with disarmed eBSV [5] or without eBSV [6] and strongly involved in the modification of the French National rules authorizing now the introduction of risked natural plantain for their intensive cropping in Martinique and Guadeloupe

Not Available

Not AvailableBanana and plantain (Musa spp.), produced in 10.3 million ha in the tropics, are among the world's top 10 food crops. They are vegetatively propagated using suckers or tissue culture plants and grown almost as perennial plantations. These are prone to the accumulation of pests and pathogens, especially viruses which contribute to yield reduction and are also barriers to the international exchange of germplasm. The most economically important viruses of banana and plantain are Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), a complex of banana streak viruses (BSVs) and Banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV). BBTV is known to cause the most serious economic losses in the "Old World," contributing to a yield reduction of up to 100% and responsible for a dramatic reduction in cropping area. The BSVs exist as episomal and endogenous forms are known to be worldwide in distribution. In India and the Philippines, BBrMV is known to be economically important but recently the virus was discovered in Colombia and Costa Rica, thus signaling its spread into the "New World." Banana and plantain are also known to be susceptible to five other viruses of minor significance, such as Abaca mosaic virus, Abaca bunchy top virus, Banana mild mosaic virus, Banana virus X, and Cucumber mosaic virus. Studies over the past 100 years have contributed to important knowledge on disease biology, distribution, and spread. Research during the last 25 years have led to a better understanding of the virus-vector-host interactions, virus diversity, disease etiology, and epidemiology. In addition, new diagnostic tools were developed which were used for surveillance and the certification of planting material. Due to a lack of durable host resistance in the Musa spp., phytosanitary measures and the use of virus-free planting material are the major methods of virus control. The state of knowledge on BBTV, BBrMV, and BSVs, and other minor viruses, disease spread, and control are summarized in this review.Not Availabl

Détection du virus de la mosaïque atténuée du bananier (BanMMV) par IC-RT-PCR et étude de sa variabilité moléculaire

National audienc