Menadione Sodium Bisulphite (MSB) enhances the resistance response of tomato, leading to repel mollusc pests

International audienceBACKGROUND: Snails and slugs are terrestrial gastropods representing an important biotic stress that adversely affects crop yields. These pests are typically controlled with molluscicides, which produce pollution and toxicity and further induce the evolution of resistance mechanisms, making pest management even more challenging. In our work, we have assessed the efficacy of two different plant defence activators, menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB) and 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-thiocarboxylic acid S-methyl ester (BTH), as inducers of resistance mechanisms of the model plant for defence, Solanum lycopersicum, against the generalist mollusc Theba grasseti (Helicidae). The study was designed to test the feeding behaviour and choice of snails, and also to analyse the expression profile of different genes specifically involved in defence against herbivores and wounds. RESULTS: Our data suggest that, through the downregulation of the terpene volatile genes and the production of proteinase inhibitors, treated MSB plants may be less apparent to herbivores that use herbivore-induced plant volatiles for host location. By contrast, BTH was not effective in the treatment of the pest, probably owing to an antagonistic effect derived from the induction of both salicylic-acid-dependent and jasmonic-acid-dependent pathways. CONCLUSIONS: This information is crucial to determine the genetic basis of the choice of terrestrial gastropod herbivores in tomato, providing valuable insight into how the plant defence activators could control herbivore pests in plants. Our work not only reports for the first time the interaction between tomato and a mollusc pest but also presents the action of two plant defence inductors that seems to produce opposed responses by inducing resistance mechanisms through different defence pathways

Las leguminosas ante el cambio climático

Prod 2018-235 BAP GEAPSI INRAInternational audienc

Respiratory fluxes in a Canary Islands pine forest

International audienceWe estimated component and whole-ecosystem CO 2 efflux (R ECO) in a Pinus canariensis Chr. Sm. ex DC stand in Tenerife, Canary Islands, an ecotone with strong seasonal changes in soil water availability. From November 2006 to February 2008, we measured foliage, stem and soil CO 2 efflux by chamber techniques. Sitespecific CO 2 efflux models obtained from these chamber measurements were then combined with half-hourly measurements of canopy, stem and soil temperature as well as soil water potential, leaf and stem surface area data for scaling up component-specific CO 2 efflux to R ECO. Integrated over an entire year, R ECO was 938 g of C m À2 in 2007 and comprised the following component fluxes: 77% from soil, 11% from stems and 12% from foliage. Whole-ecosystem CO 2 efflux varied markedly throughout the year. During the cold and wet season, R ECO generally followed the seasonal trends in temperature, and during the warm and dry summer, however, R ECO was significantly reduced because of limited soil water availability in the main rooting horizon

Andean berries from Ecuador: A review on Botany, Agronomy, Chemistry and Health Potential

International audienceInterest in exploring new and exotic types of berries has grown in recent years. Highly valued for its unique flavor, texture and color, recent researches have shown that Andean berries are an important source of bioactive compounds. This article provides botanical and agronomic descriptions and reviews the chemical and biological activities of two types of berries (Physalis peruviana L. and Solanum betaceum C.) and one commonly known as a berry, Rubus glaucus B. All highly consumed in Ecuador and enjoying great popularity in Andean traditional medicine. Although both traditional folk medicine and composition of these berries suggest significant health benefits, few studies to date have investigated these potentials

Inheritance and Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Aromatic Compounds from Clementine (<i>Citrus</i> × <i>clementina</i> Hort. ex Tan.) and Sweet Orange (<i>C.</i> × <i>sinensis</i> (L.) Osb.) Fruit Essential Oils

Despite their importance in food processing, perfumery and cosmetics, the inheritance of sweet orange aromatic compounds, as well as their yield in the fruit peel, has been little analyzed. In the present study, the segregation of aromatic compounds was studied in an F1 population of 77 hybrids resulting from crosses between clementine and blood sweet orange. Fruit-peel essential oils (PEOs) extracted by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection. Genotyping by sequencing was performed on the parents and the hybrids. The resulting “clementine × sweet blood orange” genetic map consists of 710 SNP markers distributed in nine linkage groups (LGs), representing the nine citrus chromosomes, and spanning 1054 centimorgans. Twenty quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified, explaining between 20.5 and 55.0% of the variance of the major aromatic compounds and PEO yield. The QTLs for monoterpenes and aliphatic aldehydes predominantly colocalized on LGs 5 and 8, as did the two QTLs for PEO yield. The sesquiterpene QTLs were located on LGs 1, 3, 6 and 8. The detection of major QTLs associated with the synthesis of aliphatic aldehydes, known for their strong aromatic properties, open the way for marker-assisted selection

A QTL approach in faba bean highlights the conservation of genetic control of frost tolerance among legume species

International audienceFrost is a major abiotic stress of winter type faba beans ( Vica faba L.) and has adverse effects on crop yield. Climate change, far from reducing the incidence of frost events, is making these phenomena more and more common, severe, and prolonged. Despite the important interaction that the environment has in the tolerance of faba bean to frost, this trait seems to have good levels of heritability. Several QTLs for frost tolerance have already been reported, however, a more robust identification is needed to more precisely identify the genomic regions involved in faba bean tolerance to sub-zero temperatures. Several pea ( Pisum sativum L.) and barrel medic ( Medicago truncatula L.) frost tolerance QTLs appear to be conserved between these two species, furthering the hypothesis that the genetic control of frost tolerance in legume species might be more generally conserved. In this work, the QTL mapping in two faba bean recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations connected by a common winter-type parent has led to the identification of five genomic regions involved in the control of frost tolerance on linkage groups I, III, IV, and V. Among them, a major and robust QTL of great interest for marker-assisted selection was identified on the lower part of the long-arm of LGI. The synteny between the faba bean frost tolerance QTLs and those previously identified in other legume species such as barrel medic, pea or soybean highlighted at least partial conservation of the genetic control of frost tolerance among different faba bean genetic pools and legume species. Four novel RILs showing high and stable levels of tolerance and the ability to recover from freezing temperatures by accumulating frost tolerance QTLs are now available for breeding programs

High-density genotyping of pea and faba bean diversity panels using exome capture

International audienceGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) represent a powerful tool to decipher the geneticdeterminism of complex traits in crop plants and to identify responsible genes. As GWAS require large diversitypanels segregating for the traits of interest, one faba bean and three pea collections were constituted toaddress different questions in the PeaMUST project. The faba bean panel comprises 248 accessions comingfrom five continents and displaying the phenotypic diversity of the species. The first pea collection includes239 accessions that represent the species diversity for aerial and root architecture and for biotic and abioticstress responses. The second and third pea panels were constituted with 300 accessions of cultivated springtype, 396 accessions of winter type, accessions (376 conventional, hr, 20 Hr) respectively. To generate a largenumber of unbiased genetic markers, exome capture [1] was performed by taking advantage of (i)transcriptome sequence resources available for pea [2,3], and (ii) newly developed transcriptome for fababean. The designed probes allowed capturing over 33,000 transcripts in faba bean and 50,000 transcripts inpea. In total, 1.7 and 2.3 million high-quality SNPs have been identified for faba bean and pea, respectively.These markers have been used to assess the genetic structure of the different panels, to perform GWAS fortraits of agricultural interest and to design genotyping by capture experiments to undertake genomic selection[4]. These SNP resources will serve to design genotyping arrays in both crops for further experiments

High-density genotyping of pea and faba bean diversity panels using exome capture

International audienceGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) represent a powerful tool to decipher the geneticdeterminism of complex traits in crop plants and to identify responsible genes. As GWAS require large diversitypanels segregating for the traits of interest, one faba bean and three pea collections were constituted toaddress different questions in the PeaMUST project. The faba bean panel comprises 248 accessions comingfrom five continents and displaying the phenotypic diversity of the species. The first pea collection includes239 accessions that represent the species diversity for aerial and root architecture and for biotic and abioticstress responses. The second and third pea panels were constituted with 300 accessions of cultivated springtype, 396 accessions of winter type, accessions (376 conventional, hr, 20 Hr) respectively. To generate a largenumber of unbiased genetic markers, exome capture [1] was performed by taking advantage of (i)transcriptome sequence resources available for pea [2,3], and (ii) newly developed transcriptome for fababean. The designed probes allowed capturing over 33,000 transcripts in faba bean and 50,000 transcripts inpea. In total, 1.7 and 2.3 million high-quality SNPs have been identified for faba bean and pea, respectively.These markers have been used to assess the genetic structure of the different panels, to perform GWAS fortraits of agricultural interest and to design genotyping by capture experiments to undertake genomic selection[4]. These SNP resources will serve to design genotyping arrays in both crops for further experiments

High-density genotyping of pea and faba bean diversity panels using exome capture

International audienceGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) represent a powerful tool to decipher the geneticdeterminism of complex traits in crop plants and to identify responsible genes. As GWAS require large diversitypanels segregating for the traits of interest, one faba bean and three pea collections were constituted toaddress different questions in the PeaMUST project. The faba bean panel comprises 248 accessions comingfrom five continents and displaying the phenotypic diversity of the species. The first pea collection includes239 accessions that represent the species diversity for aerial and root architecture and for biotic and abioticstress responses. The second and third pea panels were constituted with 300 accessions of cultivated springtype, 396 accessions of winter type, accessions (376 conventional, hr, 20 Hr) respectively. To generate a largenumber of unbiased genetic markers, exome capture [1] was performed by taking advantage of (i)transcriptome sequence resources available for pea [2,3], and (ii) newly developed transcriptome for fababean. The designed probes allowed capturing over 33,000 transcripts in faba bean and 50,000 transcripts inpea. In total, 1.7 and 2.3 million high-quality SNPs have been identified for faba bean and pea, respectively.These markers have been used to assess the genetic structure of the different panels, to perform GWAS fortraits of agricultural interest and to design genotyping by capture experiments to undertake genomic selection[4]. These SNP resources will serve to design genotyping arrays in both crops for further experiments