Survey of oncohematological pharmaceutical care situation in Spain

Survey; Pharmaceutical care; Pharmaceutical servicesEncuesta; Atención farmacéutica; Servicios farmacéuticosEnquesta; Atenció farmacèutica; Serveis farmacèuticsObjective: To learn about the baseline of Oncohematological Pharmacy Units in Spanish hospitals in order to identify areas for improvement. Method: A survey in line with the objectives set in GEDEFO 2020 Strategic Plan of Pharmaceutical Care for oncohematological patients was designed. The survey was hosted on GEDEFO’s website during March and April 2017. Activity data for 2016 was collected. Results: A total of 95 hospitals responded to the survey. Out of which, 76% had an integrated information system of pharmacotherapeutic process management, where a variability in technological and organizational processes were found. The oncohematological pharmacist led the implementation of the principles of medicine, based on evidence and results obtained in routine clinical practice. It was shown that 88% of hospitals had standardized protocols. As for safety practices, in 83% of hospitals, oncohematological pharmacists actively participated in the development and maintenance of risk management program, implemented to prevent errors. Preparation was centralized in 89% of hospitals. Variability was observed in pharmaceutical care depending on where the patient was attended. In 92% of hospitals, pharmacists served as reference for Oncohematology, although with different levels of training. Major deficiencies were observed in training programs and teaching. Of all oncohematological pharmacists, 53% had been a researcher over the past three years. Conclusions: These results mark the starting point for Spanish Oncohematological Pharmacy Units to develop strategies for improving the quality of pharmaceutical care offered to oncohematological patients and led by GEDEFO, heads of service, and oncohematological patients themselves.Objetivo: Conocer la situación basal de las unidades de farmacia oncohematológica de los hospitales españoles para detectar ámbitos de mejora. Método: Se diseñó una encuesta acorde con los objetivos establecidos en el Plan Estratégico de Atención Farmacéutica al paciente oncohematológico del Grupo de Farmacia Oncológica de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (GEDEFO 2020). La encuesta se alojó en la página web de GEDEFO durante marzo y abril de 2017. Se recogieron datos de actividad del año 2016. Resultados: Respondieron la encuesta 95 hospitales. Un 76% disponían de un sistema de información integral de gestión del proceso farmacoterapéutico, encontrándose variabilidad en los procesos tecnológicos y organizativos. El farmacéutico oncohematológico lideraba la aplicación de los principios de medicina basada en la evidencia y de los resultados obtenidos en la práctica clínica habitual, y se comprobó que un 88% de los hospitales contaba con protocolos estandarizados. En cuanto a prácticas de seguridad, en un 83% de los hospitales el Farmacéutico oncohematológico participaba activamente en el desarrollo y mantenimiento del programa de gestión de riesgos aplicado a la prevención de errores. La preparación estaba centralizada en un 89% de los hospitales. Se observó variabilidad en la atención farmacéutica en función de dónde se atendía al paciente. En el 92% de los hospitales existía Farmacéutico de referencia para oncohematología, aunque con distintos niveles de capacitación. Las mayores deficiencias se observaron en los programas de formación y docencia. Un 53% de los farmacéuticos oncohematológicos había sido investigador en los últimos tres años. Conclusiones: Estos resultados marcan el punto de partida de las unidades de farmacia oncohematológicas españolas para el desarrollo de estrategias de mejora de la calidad de la atención farmacéutica ofrecida a los pacientes oncohematológicos liderado por GEDEFO, jefes de Servicio y los propios farmacéuticos oncohematológicos.For the design tool of SEFH's website, where survey data were collected, it has been sponsored by Novartis, not expecting any external financing for the analysis of results nor the publication of the manuscript

The Low Incidence of Viral Hepatitis Reactivation Among Subjects on Immunotherapy Reduces the Impact of Suboptimal Screening Rate

Cancer; Checkpoint inhibitors; Hepatitis BCáncer; Inhibidores del punto de control; Hepatitis BCàncer; Inhibidors del punt de control; Hepatitis BBackground and Aims: Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a pillar of many advanced tumors. However, there is scarce data concerning the rate of viral hepatitis screening in this population or the risk of viral reactivation. Methods: Retrospective–prospective study that includes all patients who began ICIs between January/2019 and December/2020 in a University Hospital. Data on viral hepatitis screening prior to the beginning of ICIs were collected. In subjects lacking information, serological tests were requested prospectively. Among HBsAg, anti-HBc, or anti-HCV positive subjects, reactivation was prospectively assessed. Results: During the 2-year period of study, 595 subjects received ICIs (61.2% male, mean age 63 years). The most prevalent cancers found were 35.5% lung cancer, 12.1% melanoma, and 8.2% head and neck; ICIs schemes were mainly anti-PD1 (65.7%), followed by anti-PD-L1 (19.2%), and combined therapy (13.6%). Prior to immunotherapy, anti-HCV screening was performed in 462 (77.6%) subjects, HBsAg in 462 (77.6%), anti-HBc in 335 (56.3%), and the complete screening in 328 (55.1%). The anti-HBc screening was more frequently ordered among patients treated with concomitant systemic therapy (p = 0.003), especially in the case of chemotherapy (p = 0.015), though HCV screening was more commonly performed in concomitant therapies different from chemotherapy (p = 0.001). Serological tests were completed prospectively in those alive, leading to an overall prevalence for anti-HCV of 3.5%, HBsAg at 1.3%, and anti-HBc of 15.2%. HCV-RNA was detected in 2/19 (both patients with hepatocellular carcinoma), HBV-DNA in 4/7 HBsAg positive, and in 1/75 anti-HBc positive subject. Five out of the 7 HBsAg carriers and 1/75 anti-HBc+ subjects (due to concomitant antiretroviral therapy) received antiviral prophylaxis. Neither cases of HBV reactivation nor changes in HCV viral load were observed. Discussion: HBV and HCV screening prior to immunotherapy is suboptimal. Though the rate of viral hepatitis reactivation seems extremely low, efforts should be made to optimize viral hepatitis screening prior to immunotherapy for the selection of candidates for either antiviral prophylaxis or periodical follow-up

Incidence and characteristics of adverse drug reactions in a cohort of patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in real-world practice

Adverse reaction; Immunotherapy; PharmacovigilanceReacción adversa; Inmunoterapia; FarmacovigilanciaReacció adversa; Immunoteràpia; FarmacovigilànciaBackground: Data related to adverse drug reactions (ADRs), specifically immune-related adverse events (irAEs), in long-term treatment with immunotherapy in real-world practice is scarce, as is general information regarding the management of ADRs. Objectives: To characterize and describe the incidence of ADRs in patients who began immunotherapy treatment in clinical practice. Methods: In a prospective observational study cancer patients ≥18 years of age who were treated with a monotherapy regime of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were evaluated. The study period was from November 2017 to June 2019 and patients were followed up until June 2021. Patients were contacted monthly by telephone and their electronic health records were reviewed. Each ADR was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE 5.0). Results: Out of 99 patients, 86 met the inclusion criteria. Most were male (67.4%), with a median age of 66 (interquartile range, IQR: 59–76). The most frequent cancer was non-small cellular lung cancer (46 cases, 53.5%), followed by melanoma (22, 25.6%). A total of 74 patients (86%) were treated with anti-PD-1 drugs and 12 (14%) were treated with anti-PD-L1 drugs. The median treatment durations were 4.9 (IQR: 1.9–17.0) and 5.9 months (IQR: 1.2–12.3), respectively. Sixty-three patients (73%) developed from a total of 156 (44% of the total number of ADR) irADRs, wherein the most frequent were skin disorders (50 cases, 32%, incidence = 30.5 irADRs/100 patients per year [p-y]), gastrointestinal disorders (29, 19%, 17.7 irADRs/100 p-y), musculoskeletal disorders (17, 11%, 10.4 irADRs/100 p-y), and endocrine disorders (14, 9%, 8.6 irADRs/100 p-y). A total of 22 irADRs (14%) had a latency period of ≥12 months. Twelve irADRs (7.7%) were categorized as grade 3–4, and while 2 (1.3%) were categorized as grade 5 (death). Sixty-one irADRs (39.1%) in 36 patients required pharmacological treatment and 47 irADRs (30.1%) in 22 patients required treatment with corticosteriods. Conclusion: The majority of patients treated with anti-PD1/PDL1-based immunotherapy experienced adverse reactions. Although most of these reactions were mild, 11.5% were categorized as grade 3 or above. A high percentage of the reactions were immune-related and occurred throughout the treatment, thereby indicating that early identification and close monitoring is essential

ICO-ICS Praxis para el tratamiento médico del cáncer epitelial de ovario

Tractament mèdic; Càncer epitelial d'ovari; CirurgiaTratamiento médico; Cáncer epitelial de ovario; CirugíaMedical treatment; Ovarian epithelial cancer; SurgeryEl càncer epitelial d'ovari (CEO) és la segona neoplàsia ginecològica més freqüent als països desenvolupats i constitueix la principal causa de mort per càncer ginecològic i la quarta causa de mort per càncer en dones a Europa i als Estats Units. Els objectius d'aquesta guia són -Desenvolupar, difondre, implementar i avaluar resultats de la ICO-ICSPraxi de CEO epitelial. -Disminuir la variabilitat terapèutica entre les pacients tractades als diversos centres d’aquesta institució. -Implementar els resultats de la terapèutica en les pacients amb CEO epitelial tractades d’acord amb les recomanacions d’aquesta guia

ICO-ICS Praxis para el tratamiento médico y con irradiación del adenocarcinoma del páncreas

Tractament mèdic; Tractament amb irradiació; Adenocarcinoma; Pàncrees; CàncerTratamiento médico; Tratamiento con irradiación; Adenocarcinoma; Páncreas; CáncerMedical treatment; Irradiation treatment; Adenocarcinoma; Pancreas; CancerEl càncer de pàncrees se situa com la tercera causa més freqüent de càncer en la forma d'adenocarcinoma ductal pancreàtic. És un dels càncers més agressius i amb un percentatge més baix de curació. Els objectius d'aquesta guia són: -Desenvolupar, difondre, implementar i avaluar resultats de la ICO-ICSPraxi de càncer de pàncrees. -Disminuir la variabilitat terapèutica entre els pacients tractats als diferents centres d'aquesta institució. -Implementar els resultats de la terapèutica en els pacients amb adenocarcinoma de pàncrees tractats d'acord amb les recomanacions d'aquesta guia

ICO-ICS Praxis para el tratamiento médico y con irradiación de cáncer colorrectal

Tractament mèdic; Tractament amb irradiació; Còlon; Recte; CàncerMedical treatment; Irradiation treatment; Colon; Rectum; CancerTratamiento médico; Tratamiento con irradiación; Colon; Recto; CáncerEl càncer de còlon i recte (CCR) és el més freqüent a Catalunya segons dades del Pla director d’oncologia estimades per a 2017. La incidència del CCR és superior en homes, amb un increment anual de l'1,3% en els homes i el 0,5% en les dones des de 1994. A Espanya, segons l’informe de la SEOM, que recull dades de la REDECAN, posiciona el CCR com un dels més freqüents i probables de diagnosticar el 2019, amb 44.937 nous casos. Segons les dades dels registres de GLOBOCAN 2018, el CCR és el segon càncer amb més incidència a Europa. La incidència distribuïda per sexes és del 16,7% en homes i del 13,3% en dones. Els objectius d'aquesta guia són: -Desenvolupar, difondre, implementar i avaluar resultats de la ICO-ICSPraxi de càncer colorectal. -Disminuir la variabilitat terapèutica entre els pacients tractats als diferents centres d'aquesta institució. -Implementar els resultats de la terapèutica en els pacients amb adenocarcinoma de pàncrees tractats d'acord amb les recomanacions d'aquesta guia

Acute kidney injury in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury (ICPi-AKI) has emerged as an important toxicity among patients with cancer. Methods: We collected data on 429 patients with ICPi-AKI and 429 control patients who received ICPis contemporaneously but who did not develop ICPi-AKI from 30 sites in 10 countries. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ICPi-AKI and its recovery. A multivariable Cox model was used to estimate the effect of ICPi rechallenge versus no rechallenge on survival following ICPi-AKI. Results: ICPi-AKI occurred at a median of 16 weeks (IQR 8-32) following ICPi initiation. Lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, and extrarenal immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were each associated with a higher risk of ICPi-AKI. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis was the most common lesion on kidney biopsy (125/151 biopsied patients [82.7%]). Renal recovery occurred in 276 patients (64.3%) at a median of 7 weeks (IQR 3-10) following ICPi-AKI. Treatment with corticosteroids within 14 days following ICPi-AKI diagnosis was associated with higher odds of renal recovery (adjusted OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.58 to 4.41). Among patients treated with corticosteroids, early initiation of corticosteroids (within 3 days of ICPi-AKI) was associated with a higher odds of renal recovery compared with later initiation (more than 3 days following ICPi-AKI) (adjusted OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.79). Of 121 patients rechallenged, 20 (16.5%) developed recurrent ICPi-AKI. There was no difference in survival among patients rechallenged versus those not rechallenged following ICPi-AKI. Conclusions: Patients who developed ICPi-AKI were more likely to have impaired renal function at baseline, use a PPI, and have extrarenal irAEs. Two-thirds of patients had renal recovery following ICPi-AKI. Treatment with corticosteroids was associated with improved renal recovery

Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Case-Control Analysis in the Nefrona Cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2, 445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD

TFG 2012/2013

Amb aquesta publicació, EINA, Centre universitari de Disseny i Art adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, dóna a conèixer el recull dels Treballs de Fi de Grau presentats durant el curs 2012-2013. Voldríem que un recull com aquest donés una idea més precisa de la tasca que es realitza a EINA per tal de formar nous dissenyadors amb capacitat de respondre professionalment i intel·lectualment a les necessitats i exigències de la nostra societat. El treball formatiu s’orienta a oferir resultats que responguin tant a paràmetres de rigor acadèmic i capacitat d’anàlisi del context com a l’experimentació i la creació de nous llenguatges, tot fomentant el potencial innovador del disseny.Con esta publicación, EINA, Centro universitario de diseño y arte adscrito a la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, da a conocer la recopilación de los Trabajos de Fin de Grado presentados durante el curso 2012-2013. Querríamos que una recopilación como ésta diera una idea más precisa del trabajo que se realiza en EINA para formar nuevos diseñadores con capacidad de responder profesional e intelectualmente a las necesidades y exigencias de nuestra sociedad. El trabajo formativo se orienta a ofrecer resultados que respondan tanto a parámetros de rigor académico y capacidad de análisis, como a la experimentación y la creación de nuevos lenguajes, al tiempo que se fomenta el potencial innovador del diseño.With this publication, EINA, University School of Design and Art, ascribed to the Autonomous University of Barcelona, brings to the public eye the Final Degree Projects presented during the 2012-2013 academic year. Our hope is that this volume might offer a more precise idea of the task performed by EINA in training new designers, able to speak both professionally and intellectually to the needs and demands of our society. The educational task is oriented towards results that might respond to the parameters of academic rigour and the capacity for contextual analysis, as well as to considerations of experimentation and the creation of new languages, all the while reinforcing design’s innovative potential

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues

Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types