Anomalous widespread arid events in Asia over the past 550,000 years

Records of element ratios obtained from the Maldives Inner Sea sediments provide a detailed view on how the Indian Monsoon System has varied at high-resolution time scales. Here, we present records from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1471 based on a refined chronology through the past 550,000 years. The record's high resolution and a proper approach to set the chronology allowed us to reconstruct changes in the Indian Monsoon System on a scale of anomalies and to verify their relationships with established records from the East Asian Monsoon System. On the basis of Fe/sum and Fe/Si records, it can be demonstrated that the Asia continental aridity tracks sea-level changes, while the intensity of winter monsoon winds responds to changes in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. Furthermore, the anomalies of continental aridity and intensity of winter monsoon winds at millennial-scale events exhibit power in the precession band, nearly in antiphase with Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. These observations indicate that the insolation drove the anomalies in the Indian Summer Monsoon. The good correspondence between our record and the East Asian monsoon anomaly records suggests the occurrence of anomalous widespread arid events in Asia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Correction to:A two million year record of low-latitude aridity linked to continental weathering from the Maldives (Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, (2018), 5, 1, (86), 10.1186/s40645-018-0238-x)

In the original version of this article (Kunkelova et al. 2018), published on 18 December 2018, there was 1 error in the author name of Dr. Yu

A two million year record of low-latitude aridity linked to continental weathering from the Maldives

Tem uma correção em http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/12390Indian-Asian monsoon has oscillated between warm/wet interglacial periods and cool/dry glacial periods with periodicities closely linked to variations in Earth’s orbital parameters. However, processes that control wet versus dry, i.e. aridity cyclical periods on the orbital time-scale in the low latitudes of the Indian-Asian continent remain poorly understood because records over millions of years are scarce. The sedimentary record from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 359 provides a well-preserved, high-resolution, continuous archive of lithogenic input from the Maldives reflecting on low-latitude aridity cycles. Variability within the lithogenic component of sedimentary deposits of the Maldives results from changes in monsoon-controlled sedimentary sources. Here, we present X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core-scanning results from IODP Site U1467 for the past two million years, allowing full investigation of orbital periodicities. We specifically use the Fe/K as a terrestrial climate proxy reflecting on wet versus dry conditions in the source areas of the Indian-Asian landmass, or from further afield. The Fe/K record shows orbitally forced cycles reflecting on changes in the relative importance of aeolian (stronger winter monsoon) during glacial periods versus fluvial supply (stronger summer monsoon) during interglacial periods. For our chronology, we tuned the Fe/K cycles to precessional insolation changes, linking Fe/K maxima/minima to insolation minima/maxima with zero phase lag. Wavelet and spectral analyses of the Fe/K record show increased dominance of the 100 kyr cycles after the Mid Pleistocene Transition (MPT) at 1.25 Ma in tandem with the global ice volume benthic δ18O data (LR04 record). In contrast to the LR04 record, the Fe/K profile resolves 100-kyr-like cycles around the 130 kyr frequency band in the interval from 1.25 to 2 million years. These 100-kyr-like cycles likely form by bundling of two or three obliquity cycles, indicating that low-latitude Indian-Asian climate variability reflects on increased tilt sensitivity to regional eccentricity insolation changes (pacing tilt cycles) prior to the MPT. The implication of appearance of the 100 kyr cycles in the LR04 and the Fe/K records since the MPT suggests strengthening of a climate link between the low and high latitudes during this period of climate transition.SFRH/BPD/96960/2013; PTDC/MAR-PRO/3396/2014info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

500 thousand years of climatic evolution of the Indian-Asian land mass: an eolian record from Maldives

A monção indiana está diretamente relacionada a inversão sazonal dos ventos controlada pela migração latitudinal da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ITCZ). Em longo período os sistemas de monções são fortalecidos em resposta a períodos interglaciais (quentes e húmidos) e enfraquecidos em resposta a períodos glaciais (frios e secos). Durante os últimos 500 mil anos o clima global tem oscilado com uma periodicidade de ∼100 mil anos sendo controlado principalmente pela forçante orbital. Dados de testemunhos do Mar da Arábia, mostram que o aporte de sedimentos fluviais ocorre principalmente na parte noroeste com valores reduzidos à sudeste onde está localizada a República das Maldivas, que compreendem uma região distante o bastante das fontes fluviais de sedimento, sendo um local ideal para a obtenção de registros de sedimentos eólicos. Dados de satélite da pluma de poeira nas quatro diferentes estações do ano mostram que as Maldivas estão fortemente sob a influência da pluma de poeira relacionada a monção de inverno com ventos vindos de nordeste, tornando esta, uma região ideal parra o estudo das condições de aridez na área fonte na massa de terra indiano-asiática. Aqui nós apresentamos dados não destrutivos em alta resolução da Fluorescência do Raio X (XRF) e de magnetismos ambiental e de rocha dos vinte metros superiores do testemunho U1471, IODP EXP. 359, compreendendo um registro continuo de 500 mil anos. As boas correlações entre os diferentes elementos associados aos sedimentos terrígenos indicam que as variações nos dados de Fe, K, Al e Ti são robustas, sendo destes, o Fe, o elemento que menos apresentou ruído. Com a premissa de que, o aumento na extensão de regiões áridas na área fonte durante períodos frios está relacionada com o aumento na quantidade de elementos terrígenos que fluíram para as Maldivas, construímos um modelo de idade correlacionando os dados de Fe com os dados de δ18O, a alta resolução dos nossos dados e a boa correlação com os dados de δ18O permitiram identificar os Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1 ao 14. Dados de próxies paleoclimáticos como as razões, Al/Si, Fe/K e Sr/Ca indicam eventos abruptos extremamente húmidos em especial durante a transição MIS 5-6 sucedendo em poucas centenas de anos o evento Heinrich 11 (H11). Os dados de magnetismos ambiental e de rocha apontam para forte diagênese redutora de magnetita, formando minerais compostos de sulfeto de ferro, associada com a transição sulfato metano (SMT) na coluna sedimentar, abaixo desta transição a resposta magnética fica extremamente reduzida, mas ainda conserva as variações do sinal anterior a diagênese. Dados de First Order Reverse Curve (FORC) e de X Ray Absorption Near the Edge Structure (XANES) apontam a presença de magnetita bacteriana no topo do registro, mas devido ao caráter redutor do sedimento coluna abaixo e ao tamanho extremamente reduzido, Single Domain (SD), da magnetita bacteriana, este sinal está restrito ao topo do registro.The Indian monsoon is directly related to the seasonal inversion of the winds driven by the latitudinal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Over a long term, monsoon systems are strengthened in response to interglacial periods (hot and humid) and weakened in response to glacial periods (cold and dry). Over the last 500 thousand years the global climate has oscillated with a periodicity of ∼100 thousand years being controlled mainly by the orbital forcing. Data from the Arabian Sea cores show that the contribution of fluvial sediments occurs mainly in the northwestern part with reduced values to the southeast where the Republic of the Maldives is located, which comprise a region far enough from the fluvial sediment sources, being an excellent place for the obtaining records of dust. Satellite data of the dust in the four different seasons of the year show that the Maldives are strongly influenced by the winter monsoon with north-easterly winds, making this an ideal region for the study of arid conditions in the source area in the Indian-Asian landmass. Here we present non-destructive high-resolution X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and, environmental and rock magnetisms data from the upper twenty meters of the U1471, IODP EXP. 359, comprising a continuous record of 500 thousand years. The good correlations between the different elements associated to the terrigenous sediments indicate that the variations in the Fe, K, Al and Ti data are robust, of which Fe is the least noise element. With the premise that the increase in the extent of arid regions in the source area during cold periods is related to the increase in the amount of terrigenous elements that flowed into the Maldives, we constructed an age model by correlating the Fe data with the data of δ18O, the high resolution of our data and the good correlation with the data of δ18O allowed to identify the Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1 to 14. Paleoclimatic proxy data as the reasons, Al / Si, Fe / K and Sr / Ca indicate extremely humid abrupt events, especially during the MIS 5-6 transition succeeding in a few hundred years the event Heinrich 11 (H11). Environmental and rock magnetism data point to strong magnetite reduction diagenesis, forming minerals composed of iron sulphide, associated with the methane sulphate transition (SMT) in the sedimentary column, below this transition the magnetic response is extremely reduced, but still conserved the variations of the pre-diagenesis signal. First Order Reverse Curve (FORC) and X Ray Absorption Near the Edge (XANES) data indicate the presence of bacterial magnetite at the top of the core, but due to the reduced character of the sediment column below and the extremely small size, Single Domain (SD), of bacterial magnetite, this signal is restricted to the top

Non-destructive core scanning Composition of lithogenic fraction Orbital cycles Indian-Asian history of aridity Mid Pleistocene transition from IODP Hole359-U1467

Indian-Asian monsoon has oscillated between warm/wet interglacial periods and cool/dry glacial periods with periodicities closely linked to variations in Earth's orbital parameters. However, processes that control wet versus dry, i.e. aridity cyclical periods on the orbital time-scale in the low latitudes of the Indian-Asian continent remain poorly understood because records over millions of years are scarce. The sedimentary record from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 359 provides a well-preserved, high-resolution, continuous archive of lithogenic input from the Maldives reflecting on low-latitude aridity cycles. Variability within the lithogenic component of sedimentary deposits of the Maldives results from changes in monsoon-controlled sedimentary sources. Here, we present X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core-scanning results from IODP Site U1467 for the past two million years, allowing full investigation of orbital periodicities. We specifically use the Fe/K as a terrestrial climate proxy reflecting on wet versus dry conditions in the source areas of the Indian-Asian landmass, or from further afield. The Fe/K record shows orbitally forced cycles reflecting on changes in the relative importance of aeolian (stronger winter monsoon) during glacial periods versus fluvial supply (stronger summer monsoon) during interglacial periods. For our chronology, we tuned the Fe/K cycles to precessional insolation changes, linking Fe/K maxima/minima to insolation minima/maxima with zero phase lag. Wavelet and spectral analyses of the Fe/K record show increased dominance of the 100 kyr cycles after the Mid Pleistocene Transition (MPT) at 1.25 Ma in tandem with the global ice volume benthic δ18O data (LR04 record). In contrast to the LR04 record, the Fe/K profile resolves 100-kyr-like cycles around the 130 kyr frequency band in the interval from 1.25 to 2 million years. These 100-kyr-like cycles likely form by bundling of two or three obliquity cycles, indicating that low-latitude Indian-Asian climate variability reflects on increased tilt sensitivity to regional eccentricity insolation changes (pacing tilt cycles) prior to the MPT. The implication of appearance of the 100 kyr cycles in the LR04 and the Fe/K records since the MPT suggests strengthening of a climate link between the low and high latitudes during this period of climate transition