The AMS-02 Time of Flight System. Final Design

The AMS-02 detector is a superconducting magnetic spectrometer that will operate on the International Space Station. The time of flight (TOF) system of AMS-02 is composed by four scintillator planes with 8, 8, 10, 8 counters each, read at both ends by a total of 144 phototubes. This paper describes the new design, the expected performances, and shows preliminary results of the ion beam test carried on at CERN on October 2002.Comment: 4 pages, 6 EPS figures. Proc. of the 28th ICRC (2003

The AMS-02 Time of Flight System

The Time-of-Flight (TOF) system of the AMS detector gives the fast trigger to the read out electronics and measures velocity, direction and charge of the crossing particles. The first version of the detector (called AMS-01) has flown in 1998 aboard of the shuttle Discovery for a 10 days test mission, and collected about $10^8$ events. The new version (called AMS-02) will be installed on the International Space Station and will operate for at least three years, collecting roughly $10^{10}$ Cosmic Ray (CR) particles. The TOF system of AMS-01 successfully operated during the test mission, obtaining a time resolution of 120 ps for protons and better for other CR ions. The TOF system of AMS-02 will be different due to the strong fringing magnetic field and weight constraintsComment: 6 pages, 7 figures. Talk given at the ``First International Conference on Particle and Fundamental Physics in Space'', La Biodola, Isola d'Elba (Italy), 14 -- 19 May 2002. To be published by Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplement. Sep. 13, 2002: added "Conclusion" sectio

Representational Similarity Mapping of Distributional Semantics in Left Inferior Frontal, Middle Temporal, and Motor Cortex

Language comprehension engages a distributed network of frontotemporal, parietal, and sensorimotor regions, but it is still unclear how meaning of words and their semantic relationships are represented and processed within these regions and to which degrees lexico-semantic representations differ between regions and semantic types. We used fMRI and representational similarity analysis to relate word-elicited multivoxel patterns to semantic similarity between action and object words. In left inferior frontal (BA 44-45-47), left posterior middle temporal and left precentral cortex, the similarity of brain response patterns reflected semantic similarity among action-related verbs, as well as across lexical classes-between action verbs and tool-related nouns and, to a degree, between action verbs and food nouns, but not between action verbs and animal nouns. Instead, posterior inferior temporal cortex exhibited a reverse response pattern, which reflected the semantic similarity among object-related nouns, but not action-related words. These results show that semantic similarity is encoded by a range of cortical areas, including multimodal association (e.g., anterior inferior frontal, posterior middle temporal) and modality-preferential (premotor) cortex and that the representational geometries in these regions are partly dependent on semantic type, with semantic similarity among action-related words crossing lexical-semantic category boundaries