The personal counseling department and the vocational counseling department in the Boston Y.W.C.A. their relationship

This item was digitized by the Internet Archive. Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

The Importance of Incorporating Lived Experience in Efforts to Reduce Australian Reincarceration Rates

It is widely acknowledged that ‘good policy’ should be informed by the people it most directly affects. However, learning from people with lived experiences in the criminal justice sector, such as people who have served time in prison, has received little attention. This article discusses the significance of and challenges related to capturing the voices of people who are currently serving time or have served time in prison. We argue that formalising the perspectives of these individuals into policymaking through co-design processes may be an important method for enhancing program responses to rising incarceration and reincarceration rates. *This is a corrected version of the original article published ‘Online First’ on February 17, 2021. Some text in the literature review was unintentionally missing attribution. The Correction Notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.194

Creating a Productive ELA Classroom Environment

Two early service teachers and one pre-service teacher offer strategies for creating a more effective, inclusive ELA classroom experience. The approaches include writing as a process, unification of behavioral management through class assignments, and a restorative approach to communication. Implementing these strategies can revive productivity in the ELA classroom

Fat and lean tissue accretion in relation to reward motivation in children

‘Reward sensitivity’ explains inter-individual differences in the motivation to obtain rewards when reward cues are perceived. This psychobiological trait has been linked to higher consumption of palatable food when exposed to palatable food cues. The current study aims to examine if reward sensitivity explains differences in patterns of fat and lean tissue accretion over time in children. A longitudinal observational study with measurement waves in 2011 (baseline), 2012, 2013, and 2015 was conducted. The sample was a population-based Flemish cohort of children (n = 446, 50% boys and 5.5–12 years at baseline; 38.8% of the baseline sample also participated in 2015). Baseline reward sensitivity of the children was assessed by parent ratings on the Drive subscale of the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Approach System scales. Age- and sex-independent Fat and Lean Mass Index z-scores (zFMI and zLMI respectively) were computed for each study wave based on air-displacement plethysmography. In girls, but not boys, reward sensitivity was positively associated with the baseline zFMI and zLMI (95% confidence intervals of unstandardized estimates: 0.01 to 0.11 and 0.01 to 0.10 respectively, P values 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). Further, reward sensitivity explained 14.8% and 11.6% of the change in girls' zFMI and zLMI respectively over four years: the zFMI and zLMI increased and decreased respectively in high reward sensitive girls (95% confidence intervals of unstandardized estimates: 0.01 to 0.11 and −0.12 to −0.01 respectively, P values 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). Hence, girls high in reward sensitivity had significantly higher adiposity gain over four years parallel with lower increase in lean mass than was expected on the basis of their age and height. These results may help to identify appropriate targets for interventions for obesity prevention

Physical and chemical complexity in high-mass star-forming regions with ALMA. I. Overview and evolutionary trends of physical properties

In this study, we investigate how physical properties, such as the density and temperature profiles, evolve on core scales through the evolutionary sequence during high-mass star formation ranging from protostars in cold infrared dark clouds to evolved UCHII regions. We observed 11 high-mass star-forming regions with ALMA at 3 mm wavelengths. Based on the 3 mm continuum morphology and recombination line emission, tracing locations with free-free (ff) emission, the fragmented cores analyzed in this study are classified into either dust or dust+ff cores. In addition, we resolve three cometary UCHII regions with extended 3 mm emission that is dominated by free-free emission. The temperature structure and radial profiles (T~r^-q ) are determined by modeling molecular emission of CH3CN and CH313CN with XCLASS and by using the HCN-to- HNC intensity ratio as probes for the gas kinetic temperature. The density profiles (n~r^-p ) are estimated from the 3 mm continuum visibility profiles. The masses M and H2 column densities N(H2) are then calculated from the 3 mm dust continuum emission. Results. We find a large spread in mass and peak H2 column density in the detected sources ranging from 0.1-150 Msun and 10^23 - 10^26 cm-2 , respectively. Including the results of the CORE and CORE-extension studies (Gieser et al. 2021, 2022) to increase the sample size, we find evolutionary trends on core scales for the temperature power-~law index q increasing from 0.1 to 0.7 from infrared dark clouds to UCHII regions, while for the the density power-law index p on core scales, we do not find strong evidence for an evolutionary trend. However, we find that on the larger clump scales throughout these evolutionary phases the density profile flattens from p = 2.2 to p = 1.2. (abridged)Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, submitted to A&

The use of routinely collected electronic prescribing data to benchmark intravenous antibiotic use between two tertiary paediatric haematology-oncology inpatient units: a retrospective study

Background: High-quality systematic data on antimicrobial use in UK inpatient paediatric haematology-oncology services are lacking, despite this population being at high risk from antimicrobial exposure and resistance. Objectives: We conducted a retrospective study to demonstrate how routinely collected electronic prescribing data can address this issue. Patients and methods: This retrospective study describes and compares IV antibiotic consumption between two UK paediatric haematology-oncology inpatient units, between 2018 and 2022. Both sites provide similar services and receive proactive antimicrobial stewardship input. Data were extracted from each site’s antimicrobial surveillance system, which report monthly days of therapy (DOT) per 100 patient-days (PD). Consumption was reported for specific and total antibiotics. Trends were modelled using linear regression and autoregressive moving average models. Results: Total IV antibiotic consumption at each site was similar. Median monthly DOT per 100 PD were 25.9 (IQR: 22.1–34.0) and 29.4 (24.2–34.9). Total antibiotic use declined at both sites, with estimated annual yearly reductions of 3.52 DOT per 100 PD (95% CI: 0.46–6.59) and 2.57 (1.30–3.85). Absolute consumption was similar for carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam and aminoglycosides, whilst ceftriaxone and teicoplanin demonstrated approximately 3-fold relative differences in median monthly consumption. Meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, teicoplanin, vancomycin and gentamicin all demonstrated statistically significant reductions in use over time at either one or both sites, although this was most marked for piperacillin/tazobactam and vancomycin. Conclusions: Routinely collected electronic prescribing data can aid benchmarking of antibiotic use in paediatric haematology-oncology inpatients, highlighting areas to target stewardship strategies, and evaluating their impact. This approach should be rolled out nationally, and to other high-risk groups

Black, Brown, and Powerful: Freedom Dreams in Unequal Cities

In April 2018, the Institute on Inequality and Democracy convened scholars, activists, policy advocates, community residents, and nonprofit workers to share and discuss research and action pertaining to processes of inequality in Los Angeles. We sought to shed light on the entangled structures of oppression, including urban displacement, housing precarity, racialized policing, criminal justice debt, forced labor, and the mass supervision and control of youth. Through keynote talks, group dialogue, and workshops, we analyzed how in Los Angeles, and elsewhere, black and brown communities face multiple forms of banishment and exploitation ranging from the criminalization of poverty to institutionalized theft.The question of racial banishment has been an important one for the Institute since its inauguration two years ago. This year though, amidst the troubled times of Trumpism, we wanted to shift our focus from banishment to freedom. In the reports that follow, you will find many examples of what Robin D.G. Kelley, a key presence at the Institute, has famously called “freedom dreams.” Located in, and thinking from South Central Los Angeles, the event’s participants provide insight into organizing frameworks and resistance strategies that challenge exclusion and refuse subordination. From tenant organizing to debtors’ unions, from underground scholars to educational reparations, visions of freedom abound. The Institute on Inequality and Democracy is convinced that university-based research can, and must, support such freedom dreams. Such partnership – between the public university and social justice movements – requires careful attention to the difficult task of decolonizing the university. This mandate is evident throughout this collection of reports. There is no easy alliance between academic power and banished communities; there is no obvious solidarity between urban plans and freedom dreams. This event was intended to be a step towards building such alliances, especially by reconstructing the curriculum and canon of knowledge

Suicide and the 2008 economic recession: Who is most at risk? Trends in suicide rates in England and Wales 2001–2011

AbstractThe negative impacts of previous economic recessions on suicide rates have largely been attributed to rapid rises in unemployment in the context of inadequate social and work protection programmes. We have investigated trends in indicators of the 2008 economic recession and trends in suicide rates in England and Wales in men and women of working age (16–64 years old) for the period 2001–2011, before, during and after the economic recession, our aim was to identify demographic groups whose suicide rates were most affected. We found no clear evidence of an association between trends in female suicide rates and indicators of economic recession. Evidence of a halt in the previous downward trend in suicide rates occurred for men aged 16–34 years in 2006 (95% CI Quarter 3 (Q3) 2004, Q3 2007 for 16–24 year olds & Q1 2005, Q4 2006 for 25–34 year olds), whilst suicide rates in 35–44 year old men reversed from a downward to upward trend in early 2010 (95% CI Q4 2008, Q2 2011). For the younger men (16–34 years) this change preceded the sharp increases in redundancy and unemployment rates of early 2008 and lagged behind rising trends in house repossessions and bankruptcy that began around 2003. An exception were the 35–44 year old men for whom a change in suicide rate trends from downwards to upwards coincided with peaks in redundancies, unemployment and rises in long-term unemployment. Suicide rates across the decade rose monotonically in men aged 45–64 years. Male suicide in the most-to-medium deprived areas showed evidence of decreasing rates across the decade, whilst in the least-deprived areas suicide rates were fairly static but remained much lower than those in the most-deprived areas. There were small post-recession increases in the proportion of suicides in men in higher management/professional, small employer/self-employed occupations and fulltime education. A halt in the downward trend in suicide rates amongst men aged 16–34 years, may have begun before the 2008 economic recession whilst for men aged 35–44 years old increased suicide rates mirrored recession related unemployment. This evidence suggests indicators of economic strain other than unemployment and redundancies, such as personal debt and house repossessions may contribute to increased suicide rates in younger-age men whilst for men aged 35–44 years old job loss and long-term unemployment is a key risk factor

The good things children notice in nature: An extended framework for reconnecting children with nature

This research identifies themes emerging from a children’s writing task, where they wrote about good things they noticed in nature over a five day period. Eighty four children aged nine to eleven participated, resulting in 847 written statements. Content analysis using an emergent coding approach identified ten themes, with “Active Animals” being the most frequently occurring theme. Combining the themes with Author (2017a, b, c) pathways to nature connection provides an extended framework to inform children’s activity programmes, design of school grounds and urban spaces, aiming to connect children with nature. Future research could extend the framework into a practitioner’s tool kit.N/