65 research outputs found
Musiciens migrants d'origine arabe dans le contexte montréalais : le parcours de la reconnaissance
Ce meÌmoire traite des parcours de musiciens migrants dâorigine arabe aÌ MontreÌal. Il sâinteÌresse aÌ la manieÌre dont ces derniers construisent leurs carrieÌres musicales dans ce contexte et acquieÌrent la reconnaissance des diffeÌrents acteurs quâils coÌtoient â pairs, intervenants culturels, public. La meÌthodologie adopteÌe est de nature qualitative et correspond aÌ une perspective ethnosociologique, le contexte musical de lâeÌtude inscrivant la deÌmarche dans le domaine de la sociomusicologie. Cinq musiciens ayant migreÌ dâun pays arabe avec une pratique musicale preÌalable ont eÌteÌ rencontreÌs, ainsi que cinq acteurs du milieu musical qui interagissent avec eux. Ce corpus dâentretiens a eÌteÌ compleÌteÌ par de lâobservation et lâeÌtude de traces (ex. : disques, cv).
La deÌmarche dâenqueÌte a permis dâeÌlaborer un ensemble de propositions visant aÌ comprendre les pheÌnomeÌnes sociaux observeÌs. Il apparaiÌt que ces musiciens construisent leurs carrieÌres montreÌalaises graÌce aÌ une actualisation et reÌappropriation originale des sources et influences musicales accumuleÌes au fil de leur vie, processus neÌanmoins tributaire des rouages du milieu musical. Celui-ci est constitueÌ de multiples acteurs ayant chacun leurs objectifs, inteÌreÌts, contraintes vis-aÌ-vis desquels les musiciens doivent sâajuster, neÌgocier, faire des compromis. Puis, lâethniciteÌ arabe qui est construite et mise en sceÌne par les performances musicales peut vraisemblablement agir comme outil pour se deÌmarquer dans le contexte montreÌalais. Cependant, les dynamiques qui sous-tendent les rapports sociaux que ces artistes entretiennent dans la meÌtropole font en sorte quâils ont ultimement peu dâemprise sur la manieÌre dont se manifeste la reconnaissance aÌ leur eÌgard et vis-aÌ-vis de leurs pratiques musicales.This thesis examines the career paths of migrant musicians of Arab descent living in Montreal. It looks at how they build their musical careers in this context and gain recognition from the various actors they encounter â peers, cultural stakeholders, the public. The methodology adopted is qualitative in nature and corresponds to an ethnosociological perspective, with the musical context of the study placing the approach in the field of sociomusicology. Five musicians with existing musical practices who had migrated from Arab countries were interviewed, along with five members of the musical milieu who interact with them. This series of interviews was supplemented by observation and archival research (ex.: albums, cv).
This investigative approach allowed for the elaboration of a set of proposals aiming to understand the observed social phenomena. It would seem that these musicians build their Montreal careers thanks to renewal and original reappropriation of musical sources and influences accumulated throughout their lives, a process that is nevertheless dependant on the workings of the music scene. This milieu is made up of multiple actors with their own objectives, interests, and constraints around which the musicians must adapt, negotiate, and make compromises. Additionally, the Arab ethnicity that is constructed and staged through musical performances can presumably act as a device for standing out in the Montreal scene. However, the dynamics underpinning these artistsâ social relationships within the city ultimately give them little control over the manner in which recognition is manifested for the individuals as artists or for their musical practices
Processus dĂ©cisionnel des parents concernant la vaccination de leur nourrisson, selon leur gĂ©nĂ©ration dâappartenance
RĂ©sumĂ© : MalgrĂ© le fait que la vaccination soit reconnue comme lâune des mesures de santĂ© publique les plus efficaces, elle est perçue comme non sĂ©curitaire et non nĂ©cessaire par un nombre grandissant de parents. Dans ce contexte, la comprĂ©hension du processus dĂ©cisionnel des parents par rapport Ă la vaccination de leur enfant serait aidante. Le but de cette Ă©tude est dâexplorer le processus dĂ©cisionnel des parents concernant la vaccination de leur nourrisson, selon leur gĂ©nĂ©ration dâappartenance, soit la gĂ©nĂ©ration X ou Y.
Une Ă©tude de cas descriptive et comparative a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e avec des entrevues semi-structurĂ©es ainsi quâune analyse des sources dâinformations consultĂ©es par les participantes. Les mĂšres ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©es selon leur intention de vaccination pour leur enfant. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© codifiĂ©es et analysĂ©es de façon systĂ©matique et rigoureuse au niveau intra-cas et inter-cas, co-analysĂ©es et ensuite validĂ©es avec les participantes.
Quatre mĂšres dans chaque gĂ©nĂ©ration ont Ă©tĂ© interviewĂ©es, dont trois participantes par gĂ©nĂ©ration Ă deux reprises. Le processus dĂ©cisionnel est similaire dâune gĂ©nĂ©ration Ă lâautre. Les composantes du processus sont lâattitude initiale envers la vaccination, le processus cognitif, la recherche dâinformation, la dĂ©cision, lâacte et lâĂ©valuation rĂ©trospective de lâexpĂ©rience vĂ©cue. Toutes ces composantes sont influencĂ©es par des facteurs intrinsĂšques et extrinsĂšques. Certaines trouvailles de cette Ă©tude ont peu Ă©tĂ© documentĂ©es dans la littĂ©rature telles que la perception positive envers la vaccination, lâinconscience du processus, lâimportance du dĂ©clencheur et le fait de saisir le moment opportun.
MalgrĂ© la rigueur de cette Ă©tude, la principale limite est la saturation des donnĂ©es qui nâa possiblement pas Ă©tĂ© atteinte pour tous les aspects du processus dĂ©cisionnel. MĂȘme si la norme sociale est favorable Ă la vaccination, aucune participante nâavait consciemment rĂ©flĂ©chi Ă lâimmunisation de son enfant jusquâĂ ce quâun dĂ©clencheur soit introduit. Ceci soulĂšve lâenjeu et lâimpact de la transmission de lâinformation adĂ©quate, au moment opportun, et du soutien donnĂ© aux parents qui naviguent dans ce processus.Abstract : Even though vaccination is known as one of the most efficient public health interventions, it is often perceived as unsafe and unnecessary by parents. In this context, understanding the decisional process of parents towards their childâs vaccination would be helpful. The objective of this study is to explore the decisional process of parents towards their childâs vaccination in regards to parentâs generation of belonging, either generation X or Y. A multiple descriptive and comparative case study was done using semi-structured interviews as well as an analysis of sources consulted by participants. Mothers were selected based on their vaccination intention for their child. Data was codified and analysed systematically as well as rigorously at the intra-case level as well as at the inter-case level, co-analysed and then validated with participants.
Four mothers in each generation were interviewed: three were interviewed twice. The decisional process was similar for all participants of both generations. The process components were the initial attitude towards vaccination, the cognitive process, the information research, the decision, the action of vaccinating and the retrospective evaluation of the experience. All these components were influenced by intrinsic as well extrinsic factors. Some of these findings were not well documented in the literature such as the initial positive perception towards vaccination, the unconsciousness of the
process, the importance of a trigger and the importance of seizing the moment. Even though this study was rigorous, the main limit is data saturation that might not have been
achieved for all aspects of the process. Even if social norm is favorable to vaccination, no participant had consciously thought about their childâs immunization until a trigger had been introduced. This introduces the question of the impact of adequate and timely information giving as well as the support offered to parents that navigate through this process
L'enjeu des communautés en sociomusicologie : Le cas du projet de recherche sur le développement des publics de la musique au Québec
The basis of this article arises from the project âDĂ©veloppement des publics de la musique au QuĂ©becâ (DPMQ), developed by the sociomusicology research team at the Observatoire interdisciplinaire de crĂ©ation et de recherche en musique (OICRM) in partnership with nine musical organizations in Quebec. Our first research question involves interrogating the definition of âcommunityâ (or âcommunitiesâ), and this article proposes an application of this concept in line with the objectives of the DPMQ: establishing a social map of audience attendance and numbers of musical amateurs in Quebec, and experimenting with new forms of musical mediation in collaboration with professional partners who will apply them within the context of their activities. The second question concerns the difficulty of reconciling different work âculturesâ between researchers and professionals in the cultural realm. The question in simple terms, therefore, is how to overcome the absence of a tradition of research among community partners? The third question emerges from the previous question: how to resolve the issue of sharing information? We approach these three sociomusicological research questions with respect to our initial experiences with two community partners: la SociĂ©tĂ© de musique contemporaine du QuĂ©bec (SMCQ) and the Festival du monde arabe (FMA).RĂ©sumĂ© : Le matĂ©riau de cet article provient du projet « DĂ©veloppement des publics de la musique au QuĂ©bec » (DPMQ), mis au point au sein de lâĂ©quipe de recherche en sociomusicologie de lâObservatoire interdisciplinaire de crĂ©ation et de recherche en musique (OICRM) en partenariat avec neuf organismes musicaux quĂ©bĂ©cois. La premiĂšre question de recherche que nous posons consiste Ă sâinterroger sur la dĂ©finition de la (des) communautĂ©(s), et ce texte propose une application de cette notion en fonction des objectifs du DPMQ : Ă©tablir une cartographie sociale des habitudes de frĂ©quentation et des figures dâamateurs de musique au QuĂ©bec ; expĂ©rimenter de nouvelles formes de mĂ©diation de la musique en concertation avec les communautĂ©s de professionnels partenaires qui les mettront en application dans le cadre de leurs activitĂ©s. La deuxiĂšme question concerne la difficultĂ© de concilier des « cultures » de travail diffĂ©rentes entre les chercheurs et les professionnels du milieu culturel. Lâinterrogation se pose alors en termes simples : comment pallier lâabsence de tradition de recherche dans les communautĂ©s partenaires ? La troisiĂšme question dĂ©coule de la prĂ©cĂ©dente : comment rĂ©soudre la problĂ©matique du partage de lâinformation ? Câest donc Ă travers les premiĂšres expĂ©riences de travail avec deux communautĂ©s partenaires, la SociĂ©tĂ© de musique contemporaine du QuĂ©bec (SMCQ) et le Festival du monde arabe (FMA), que nous abordons ces trois questionnements de la recherche en sociomusicologie
Airborne phages resistance to temperature and humidity
The use of aerosolized bacteriophages as surrogates to hazardous viruses could simplify and accelerate the discovery of links between viral components and their persistence in the airborne state under diverse environmental conditions. In this study, four structurally distinct lytic phages, MS2 (ssRNA), F6 (dsRNA), FX174 (ssDNA) and PR772 (dsDNA), were nebulised into a rotating chamber and exposed to various levels of relative humidity (RH) and temperature as well as to germicidal ultraviolet radiations. The aerosolized viral particles were allowed to remain airborne for up to fourteen hours before being sampled for analysis by plaque assays and quantitative PCR. Phages F6 and MS2 were most resistant at low levels of relative humidity whilst FX174 was more resistant at 80% RH. Phage F6 lost its infectivity immediately after exposure to 30°C and 80% RH. The infectivity of all tested phages rapidly declined as a function of the exposure time to UV-C radiations, phage MS2 being the most resistant. Taken altogether, our data indicate that these aerosolized phages behave differently under various environmental conditions and highlight the necessity of carefully selecting viral simulants in bioaerosols studies
A 2âyear dyadic longitudinal study of mothers' and fathers' marital adjustment when caring for a child with cancer
Objective
Studies examining interrelationships within parental couples confronted with pediatric cancer are scarce. This study explored dyadic longitudinal associations between both partners' family functioning and mood at diagnosis, and marital adjustment 2 years later.
Method
Parents of children (nâ=â47 couples) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) completed the Family WellâBeing Assessment and Profile of Mood StatesâBipolar Form at diagnosis, and the LockeâWallace Marital Adjustment Test 2 years post diagnosis. Multilevel linear models using the actorâpartner interdependence model (APIM) and controlling for baseline marital adjustment were conducted to evaluate within subject and dyadic longitudinal effects.
Results
For mothers, better marital adjustment 2 years post diagnosis was associated with perception of greater family support and less role conflict and role overload at diagnosis. For fathers, better marital adjustment 2 years postâdiagnosis was associated with perception of less role conflict, greater role ambiguity, and being more tired at diagnosis, as well as their partner's perception of less role conflict at diagnosis.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the importance of considering both partners' perspectives in understanding marital adjustment across treatment phases in parents of children with ALL. Early interventions for couples should be tailored to meet each partner's needs in order to foster resilience within the couple
Expression of the senescence marker p16INK4a in skin biopsies of acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors: a pilot study
Asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19 in a confined adult community population in Quebec: a cross-sectional study
Several countries have undertaken social distancing measures to stop SARS-CoV-2 spread. Asymptomatic carriersâ prevalence is unknown and would provide essential information on hidden viral circulation. In our cross-sectional study, 1.82% of 330 asymptomatic confined individuals living in the community carried SARS-CoV-2 despite no contact with declared cases, raising concerns about unnoticed transmission
Répercussions dans des rédactions d'élÚves du secondaire de l'utilisation d'un environnement informatique pour l'enseignement-apprentissage des accords en nombre et en personne
Des recherches ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que le niveau de maĂźtrise des accords en français chez les apprenants de tous niveaux n'Ă©taient pas celui auquel on devrait s'attendre. Cette Ă©tude a voulu mettre en Ă©vidence les difficultĂ©s qu'Ă©prouvent ces apprenants, puis les problĂšmes que cause l'actuelle mĂ©thode d'enseignement de la grammaire. Il est ressorti que telle qu'enseignĂ©e aujourd'hui, la grammaire amĂšne davantage de confusions dans la tĂȘte des Ă©lĂšves que de moyens pour rĂ©soudre leurs problĂšmes d'accord. Cela nous a permis de croire qu'un renouvellement de l'enseignement pourrait amener de meilleurs rĂ©sultats. Une expĂ©rience a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e auprĂšs de sujets de premiĂšre et de troisiĂšme secondaire pendant trois ans. L'objectif de cette recherche a Ă©tĂ© de vĂ©rifier si un enseignement du français dans un environnement informatique donnaient davantage de rĂ©sultats qu'un enseignement traditionnel (la derniĂšre annĂ©e, une approche grammaticale reposant sur les opĂ©rations linguistiques a accompagnĂ© cet environnement). Les rĂ©sultats obtenus n'ont pas permis d'observer que la Console d'Ă©criture favorisait de maniĂšre significative la rĂ©ussite des accords en nombre et en personne comparativement Ă un enseignement dit traditionnel
The cognitive advantage in bilingualism : attention and working memory
This study investigated the effect of bilingualism on the ability to perform on task tapping into executive functions. In particular the ability of 31 French-English bilingual children (age 8-10 years) to perform on inhibition and working memory tasks was compared to that of a group of French monolingual peers. All children completed a task requiring inhibitory skills. In this task, children must ignore spatial cues and select a response that corresponds only to the stimulus color. As well, all children completed two
working memory tasks that involved both storage and processing of information. An
auditory-verbal working memory task required children to categorize words by size of the
referent before recalling an auditorally presented list of words. In a visuo-spatial working memory task children were instructed to remember the location and categorize shapes presented in a 4 x 4 grid. The bilingual children outperformed their monolingual peers on all three tasks. In addition, the bilingual children whose two languages were more balanced performed better than the bilingual children who were dominant in one of their languages on the inhibition task. The results of this study suggest that bilingual children are at an advantage when performing on tasks requiring inhibitory and working memory abilities. Possible mechanisms underlying the observed bilingual advantage are discussed.Medicine, Faculty ofAudiology and Speech Sciences, School ofGraduat
Répercussions dans des rédactions d'élÚves du secondaire de l'utilisation d'un environnement informatique pour l'enseignement-apprentissage des accords en nombre et en personne
Des recherches ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© que le niveau de maĂźtrise des accords en français chez les apprenants de tous niveaux n'Ă©taient pas celui auquel on devrait s'attendre. Cette Ă©tude a voulu mettre en Ă©vidence les difficultĂ©s qu'Ă©prouvent ces apprenants, puis les problĂšmes que cause l'actuelle mĂ©thode d'enseignement de la grammaire. Il est ressorti que telle qu'enseignĂ©e aujourd'hui, la grammaire amĂšne davantage de confusions dans la tĂȘte des Ă©lĂšves que de moyens pour rĂ©soudre leurs problĂšmes d'accord. Cela nous a permis de croire qu'un renouvellement de l'enseignement pourrait amener de meilleurs rĂ©sultats. Une expĂ©rience a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e auprĂšs de sujets de premiĂšre et de troisiĂšme secondaire pendant trois ans. L'objectif de cette recherche a Ă©tĂ© de vĂ©rifier si un enseignement du français dans un environnement informatique donnaient davantage de rĂ©sultats qu'un enseignement traditionnel (la derniĂšre annĂ©e, une approche grammaticale reposant sur les opĂ©rations linguistiques a accompagnĂ© cet environnement). Les rĂ©sultats obtenus n'ont pas permis d'observer que la Console d'Ă©criture favorisait de maniĂšre significative la rĂ©ussite des accords en nombre et en personne comparativement Ă un enseignement dit traditionnel
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