Les cryptes romanes des Alpes du sud, Enquête sur une forme architecturale

National audienceProspection thématique sur "Les cryptes romanes dans les Alpes du Sud", sites de Saint-Geniez de Dromon, prieuré de Vilhosc, Saint-Marc à Allemagne-en-Provenc

Higher aspirations: an agenda for reforming European universities

Since the introduction of the Shanghai ranking of the worldâ??s universities it has been clear that European universities are underperforming. This blueprint discusses the potential explanations and points at different reform priorities for higher education in Europe.

Why Reform Europe's Universities?

Based on a survey of European universities, this policy brief states that despite the good performance of some countries, Europe as a whole trails the US by a wide margin. The reason is two-fold. First, Europe invests too little in higher education. Second, European universities suffer from poor governance, insufficient autonomy and often perverse incentives. If Europe is to be a leader in the global knowledge economy, comprehensive reform of higher education is the order of the day. Most countries should invest an extra one percent in higher education each year, and universities should be given more autonomy in budgets, hiring and remuneration.

Influence of bioactive particles and onium salt on physical-chemical properties of experimental infiltrants

Orientador: Giselle Maria Marchi BaronTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência do hexafluorofosfato de difeniliodônio (DFI) e da adição do vidro bioativo 58S (VBA) e nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita (HAp) nas propriedades físicas e bioatividade de infiltrantes experimentais. Seis grupos experimentais e um grupo comercial foram utilizados no estudo (Icon). Os grupos experimentais foram compostos de 75% TEGDMA e 25% Bis-EMA e o sistema fotoiniciador de 0,5 mol% de canforoquinona (CQ) e 1 mol% dimetilaminoetil benzoato (EDAB). Após a manipulação das bases monoméricas, foram adicionados ou não 0,5mol% de DFI, 10% de BAG produzido pelo método sol-gel ou nanopartículas de HAp. Todas as manipulações foram realizadas em ambiente com temperatura controlada (25 ºC). A cristalinidade dos infiltrantes foi avaliada qualitativamente após imersão das amostras em FCS (Fluido Corporal Simulado) em diferentes períodos (6h, 1 dia, 3 dias e 7 dias) por meio da difração de raios X (DRX), espectrometria FT-IR e MEV para caracterização das partículas (n=1). Foram realizadas a avaliação da cinética de polimerização e o grau de conversão (GC, n=3), sorção em água, solubilidade (n=10), e viscosidade (n=3). Todos os corpos de prova foram polimerizados com fonte de luz LED, durante 40 segundos (Valo, Ultradent) para os corpos de prova imersos em FCS e para sorção e solubilidade. O tempo total de fotoativação para a cinética de polimerização foi de 5 minutos. Para as análises quantitativas, comparações estatísticas entre os grupos foram feitas usando análise de variância (ANOVA 1 fator) e teste de Tukey, com significância de 5%. Para todos os tempos de imersão no FCS, não foi detectada presença de cristalinidade nos grupos com VBA. DRX e FT-IR demonstraram presença de fase cristalina da HAp nos grupos com HAp. Icon e grupo com VBA sem DFI apresentaram menor grau de conversão em 40s (< 50%) e taxa de polimerização, enquanto a presença de HAp aumentou esses valores. DFI só aumentou a taxa de polimerização e GC em 40s para o grupo com VBA. Após 5 minutos de fotoativação todos os grupos apresentaram GC acima de 80%. Grupos com HAp apresentaram maior viscosidade, porém DFI diminuiu a viscosidade para os grupos com partículas. As partículas não influenciaram a sorção de água. A maior sorção de água foi apresentada pelo Icon. Não houve diferenças estatísticas para os valores de solubilidade. Pode-se concluir que a adição de 10% de VBA não melhora as propriedades físico-químicas estudadas nem produz efeito bioativo nos infiltrantes testados. Além disso, o DFI reduz a viscosidade gerada pela adição de partículas, bem como atenua a diminuição do GC promovida pela adição de VBAAbstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (onium salt - DPI) and the addition of 58S bioactive glass (BAG) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) on physical properties and bioactivity of experimental infiltrants. Six experimental groups and one commercial control (Icon) were studied. The experimental groups were composed by 75% wt TEGDMA and 25% wt Bis-EMA, the photoinitiator system was 0.5 mol% camphorquinone (CQ) and 1 mol% dimethylaminoethyl benzoate (EDAB). After manipulation of the blends, 0.5 mol% DPI, 10% BAG produced by the sol-gel method or HAp nanoparticles were added or not. Icon was used as a commercial control. All manipulations were performed in an environment with temperature (25 ºC). The crystallinity of the infiltrants was qualitatively evaluated after immersion of the samples in SBF (Stimulated Body Fluid) at different periods (6h, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days) by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectrometry and SEM for characterization of the particles (n=1). Polymerization kinetics and degree of conversion (DC, n= 3), water sorption and solubility (n= 10) and viscosity (n = 3) were performed. All specimens were polymerized with LED light source for 40 seconds (Valo, Ultradent) for samples immersed in SBF and water sorption and solubility. For polymerization kinetics the total time of photoactivation was 5 minutes. Statistical comparisons between groups were made using analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and Tukey's test with significance of 5%. After all periods of immersion in the SBF, no crystallinity was detected in the groups with BAG. XRD and FT-IR demonstrated presence of HAp crystalline phase in HAp groups. Icon and group B-BAG showed a lower degree of conversion (DC) in 40s (<50%) and polymerization rate, while the presence of HAp increased these values. DPI only increased the polymerization rate and DC in 40s for the BAG group. After 5 minutes of photoactivation, all groups presented DC above 80%. HAp groups showed higher viscosity, but DPI decreased the viscosity for groups with particles. The particles did not influence the sorption. The highest water sorption was presented by Icon. There were no statistical differences for solubility values. It can be concluded that the addition of 10% 58S BAG does not improve the physical-chemical properties studied nor produce bioactive effect. DPI reduces the viscosity presented by particles addition besides attenuate the DC decreasing promoted by BAG additionDoutoradoDentísticaDoutora em Clínica Odontológica140950/2017-688881.188490/2018-12017/14378-6CNPQCAPESFAPES

Electrical brain responses reveal sequential constraints on planning during music performance

Funding: National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship to B.M. Canada Research Chairs grant and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant 298173 to C.P.Peer reviewe

Auditory N1 reveals planning and monitoring processes during music performance

The current study investigated the relationship between planning processes and feedback monitoring during music performance, a complex task in which performers prepare upcoming events while monitoring their sensory outcomes. Theories of action planning in auditory‐motor production tasks propose that the planning of future events co‐occurs with the perception of auditory feedback. This study investigated the neural correlates of planning and feedback monitoring by manipulating the contents of auditory feedback during music performance. Pianists memorized and performed melodies at a cued tempo in a synchronization‐continuation task while the EEG was recorded. During performance, auditory feedback associated with single melody tones was occasionally substituted with tones corresponding to future (next), present (current), or past (previous) melody tones. Only future‐oriented altered feedback disrupted behavior: Future‐oriented feedback caused pianists to slow down on the subsequent tone more than past‐oriented feedback, and amplitudes of the auditory N1 potential elicited by the tone immediately following the altered feedback were larger for future‐oriented than for past‐oriented or noncontextual (unrelated) altered feedback; larger N1 amplitudes were associated with greater slowing following altered feedback in the future condition only. Feedback‐related negativities were elicited in all altered feedback conditions. In sum, behavioral and neural evidence suggests that future‐oriented feedback disrupts performance more than past‐oriented feedback, consistent with planning theories that posit similarity‐based interference between feedback and planning contents. Neural sensory processing of auditory feedback, reflected in the N1 ERP, may serve as a marker for temporal disruption caused by altered auditory feedback in auditory‐motor production tasks.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136038/1/psyp12781_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136038/2/psyp12781.pd

The red giants in NGC 6633 as seen with CoRoT, HARPS and SOPHIE

The open cluster NGC 6633 was observed with CoRoT in 2011 and simultaneous high-resolution spectroscopy was obtained with the SOPHIE and HARPS spectrographs. One of the four targets was not found to be a cluster member. For all stars we provide estimates of the seismic and spectroscopic parameters.Comment: Proc. of the workshop "Asteroseismology of stellar populations in the Milky Way" (Sesto, 22-26 July 2013), Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, (eds. A. Miglio, L. Girardi, P. Eggenberger, J. Montalban