Variability of systemic and oro-dental phenotype in two families with non-lethal Raine syndrome with FAM20C mutations

Background: Raine syndrome (RS) is a rare autosomal recessive bone dysplasia typified by osteosclerosis and dysmorphic facies due to FAM20C mutations. Initially reported as lethal in infancy, survival is possible into adulthood. We describe the molecular analysis and clinical phenotypes of five individuals from two consanguineous Brazilian families with attenuated Raine Syndrome with previously unreported features. Methods: The medical and dental clinical records were reviewed. Extracted deciduous and permanent teeth as well as oral soft tissues were analysed. Whole exome sequencing was undertaken and FAM20C cDNA sequenced in family 1. Results: Family 1 included 3 siblings with hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) (inherited abnormal dental enamel formation). Mild facial dysmorphism was noted in the absence of other obvious skeletal or growth abnormalities. A mild hypophosphataemia and soft tissue ectopic mineralization were present. A homozygous FAM20C donor splice site mutation (c.784 + 5 g > c) was identified which led to abnormal cDNA sequence. Family 2 included 2 siblings with hypoplastic AI and tooth dentine abnormalities as part of a more obvious syndrome with facial dysmorphism. There was hypophosphataemia, soft tissue ectopic mineralization, but no osteosclerosis. A homozygous missense mutation in FAM20C (c.1487C > T; p.P496L) was identified. Conclusions: The clinical phenotype of non-lethal Raine Syndrome is more variable, including between affected siblings, than previously described and an adverse impact on bone growth and health may not be a prominent feature. By contrast, a profound failure of dental enamel formation leading to a distinctive hypoplastic AI in all teeth should alert clinicians to the possibility of FAM20C mutations

Relations cellules endothéliales/substituts sanguins : implication des contraintes de cisaillement ou de l'hypoxie, et évaluation de la cytotoxicité d'hémoglobines de nouvelle génération

Hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOC), under development and evaluation, are potentially able to induce modifications of endothelial cells (EC) behaviour. We developed protocols to evaluate the role of three different parameters, like shear stress, hypoxia and HBOC presence on EC. Several factors, like oxidative stress, vasomotion and inflammation were studied using qPCR, EPR, flow cytometry and metabolites quantification. At first, we observed simultaneously the action of shear stress and HBOC (Dex-BTC Hb, Oxyglobin®, aa-Hb) on EC behaviour. Our results show how shear stress influences EC response face to HBOC. Then, we elaborated a hypoxia/reoxygenation protocol with HBOC. Using two different protocols of hypoxia (brief and chronic) we demonstrated that different mechanisms drive cell response. After 4 h of hypoxia, reoxygénation with blood substitutes induces a diminution of the inflammation engender by hypoxia. However, after 24 h of hypoxia, we observed an over inflammation whatever was the blood substitute used. In conclusion, among the three HBOC tested, we highlighted that the presence of dextran in Dex-BTC-Hb solutions makes Hb furtive for EC Hb detection mechanisms. Finally, we developed cytotoxicity tests on new Hb generation (PEG-Hb, octameric Hb) based on cellular viability and apoptosis-necrosis. These tests were encouraging for both Hb.Les substituts sanguins à base d?hémoglobine (HBOC) en cours de développement et d'évaluation, sont susceptibles, selon leur formulation et le protocole d'évaluation envisagé, d'induire des modifications du comportement des cellules endothéliales (CE). Nous avons développé des protocoles visant à évaluer le rôle de trois paramètres : les contraintes de cisaillement, l'hypoxie et la présence d'HBOC au contact des CE. Plusieurs facteurs, comme le stress oxydatif, la vasomotricité et l'inflammation ont été étudiés par qPCR, RPE, cytométrie en flux et dosage des métabolites. Dans un premier temps, nous avons observé l'action simultanée des contraintes de cisaillement et des HBOC (Hb-Dex-BTC, Oxyglobin®, aa-Hb) sur le comportement des CE. Nos résultats montrent combien le cisaillement influence la réponse des CE en présence d'HBOC. Pour se rapprocher de la situation clinique d'un usage potentiel d'HBOC, nous avons élaboré un protocole d'hypoxie/réoxygénation des CE par ces Hb. Au travers des deux protocoles d'hypoxie développés (brève et chronique), nous avons montré des mécanismes différents de réponse cellulaire : après 4 h, la réoxygénation avec les substituts induit une diminution de l'inflammation engendrée par l'hypoxie. Alors qu'après 24 h, nous constatons son induction quel que soit le substitut utilisé. D'une façon générale, la présence de dextran dans l'Hb-Dex-BTC rend celle-ci plus furtive vis-à-vis des mécanismes de détection de la présence d'Hb par les CE. Dans une dernière partie, nous avons effectué des tests de cytotoxicité sur des Hb de nouvelle génération (PEG-Hb et Hb octamérique produite par génie génétique) par mesure de la viabilité cellulaire et du taux d?apoptose-nécrose, Ces résultats encourageants confirment l'intérêt de poursuivre les évaluations

Relationship between EC/blood substitutes : implication of shear stress or hypoxia, and evaluation of new generation hemoglobin cytotoxicity

Les substituts sanguins à base d’hémoglobine (HBOC) en cours de développement et d’évaluation, sont susceptibles, selon leur formulation et le protocole d’évaluation envisagé, d’induire des modifications du comportement des cellules endothéliales (CE). Nous avons développé des protocoles visant à évaluer le rôle de trois paramètres : les contraintes de cisaillement, l’hypoxie et la présence d’HBOC au contact des CE. Plusieurs facteurs, comme le stress oxydatif, la vasomotricité et l’inflammation ont été étudiés par qPCR, RPE, cytométrie en flux et dosage des métabolites. Dans un premier temps, nous avons observé l’action simultanée des contraintes de cisaillement et des HBOC (Hb-Dex-BTC, Oxyglobin®, aa-Hb) sur le comportement des CE. Nos résultats montrent combien le cisaillement influence la réponse des CE en présence d’HBOC. Pour se rapprocher de la situation clinique d’un usage potentiel d’HBOC, nous avons élaboré un protocole d’hypoxie/réoxygénation des CE par ces Hb. Au travers des deux protocoles d’hypoxie développés (brève et chronique), nous avons montré des mécanismes différents de réponse cellulaire : après 4 h, la réoxygénation avec les substituts induit une diminution de l’inflammation engendrée par l’hypoxie. Alors qu’après 24 h, nous constatons son induction quel que soit le substitut utilisé. D’une façon générale, la présence de dextran dans l’Hb-Dex-BTC rend celle-ci plus furtive vis-à-vis des mécanismes de détection de la présence d’Hb par les CE. Dans une dernière partie, nous avons effectué des tests de cytotoxicité sur des Hb de nouvelle génération (PEG-Hb et Hb octamérique produite par génie génétique) par mesure de la viabilité cellulaire et du taux d’apoptose-nécrose, Ces résultats encourageants confirment l’intérêt de poursuivre les évaluations.Hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOC), under development and evaluation, are potentially able to induce modifications of endothelial cells (EC) behaviour. We developed protocols to evaluate the role of three different parameters, like shear stress, hypoxia and HBOC presence on EC. Several factors, like oxidative stress, vasomotion and inflammation were studied using qPCR, EPR, flow cytometry and metabolites quantification. At first, we observed simultaneously the action of shear stress and HBOC (Dex-BTC Hb, Oxyglobin®, aa-Hb) on EC behaviour. Our results show how shear stress influences EC response face to HBOC. Then, we elaborated a hypoxia/reoxygenation protocol with HBOC. Using two different protocols of hypoxia (brief and chronic) we demonstrated that different mechanisms drive cell response. After 4 h of hypoxia, reoxygénation with blood substitutes induces a diminution of the inflammation engender by hypoxia. However, after 24 h of hypoxia, we observed an over inflammation whatever was the blood substitute used. In conclusion, among the three HBOC tested, we highlighted that the presence of dextran in Dex-BTC-Hb solutions makes Hb furtive for EC Hb detection mechanisms. Finally, we developed cytotoxicity tests on new Hb generation (PEG-Hb, octameric Hb) based on cellular viability and apoptosis-necrosis. These tests were encouraging for both Hb

How to Evaluate Blood Substitutes for Endothelial Cell Toxicity

International audienc

Midiwives’ approaches to management of expulsion: Breakfast with the experts

This slideshow served as the supporting material for a one-hour breakfast session organized by Caroline Matteo and myself, Laurent Gaucher, on behalf of the National College of Midwives of France (CNSF) for the XXIV FIGO World Congress on Gynecology and Obstetrics.The primary focus of this session was to explore the "Hands-On" and "Hands-Off" approaches in the management of expulsion during childbirth. Two key meta-analyses were presented: the first, a Cochrane review, suggests that "Hands-Off" techniques may reduce episiotomy rates but have no clear impact on other significant outcomes. The second, which includes cohort studies, indicates that the "Hands-On" approach could significantly reduce the risk of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIS).We also examined data from midwifery-led units in France, noting fewer instances of perineal tears compared to Australia and England.The session was designed to provoke thought and encourage dialogue on these approaches, inviting attendees to share their perspectives and experiences

Recommandations pour la pratique clinique Examen pelvien en gynécologie et obstétrique: Examen pelvien lors de la consultation postnatale

International audienc

Midiwives’ approaches to management of expulsion: Breakfast with the experts

This slideshow served as the supporting material for a one-hour breakfast session organized by Caroline Matteo and myself, Laurent Gaucher, on behalf of the National College of Midwives of France (CNSF) for the XXIV FIGO World Congress on Gynecology and Obstetrics.The primary focus of this session was to explore the "Hands-On" and "Hands-Off" approaches in the management of expulsion during childbirth. Two key meta-analyses were presented: the first, a Cochrane review, suggests that "Hands-Off" techniques may reduce episiotomy rates but have no clear impact on other significant outcomes. The second, which includes cohort studies, indicates that the "Hands-On" approach could significantly reduce the risk of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIS).We also examined data from midwifery-led units in France, noting fewer instances of perineal tears compared to Australia and England.The session was designed to provoke thought and encourage dialogue on these approaches, inviting attendees to share their perspectives and experiences

Nano or Micro: 3 Different Particles to Deliver and Protect S-Nitrosoglutathione for Oral Route Administration

As a physiological nitric oxide donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a promising candidate for several diseases (e.g., stroke and atherosclerosis). However, its clinical application has been limited by its low stability. In order to protect GSNO suitable for oral route administration and to achieve sustained release, 3 different particles from nano-size to micro-size were obtained by a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) or solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) double emulsion/solvent evaporation method. The 3 different particles tuned out to have similar encapsulation efficiency while the microparticles showed longer release time. Finally, the 3 formulations have been successfully lyophilized for long term stability

A Smooth Muscle Cell-Based Ferroptosis Model to Evaluate Iron-Chelating Molecules for Cardiovascular Disease Treatment

Dysregulation of iron homeostasis causes iron-mediated cell death, recently described as ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is reported in many chronic diseases, such as hepatic cancer, renal, and cardiovascular diseases (heart failure, atherosclerosis). However, there is a notable scarcity of research studies in the existing literature that explore treatments capable of preventing ferroptosis. Additionally, as far as the author is aware, there is currently no established model for studying ferroptosis within cardiovascular cells, which would be essential for assessing metal-chelating molecules with the potential ability to inhibit ferroptosis and their application in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, a smooth muscle cell-based ferroptosis model is developed upon the inhibition of the system Xc− transporter by erastin associated or not with Fe(III) overload, and its rescue upon the introduction of well-known iron chelators, deferoxamine and deferiprone. We showed that erastin alone decreased the intracellular concentration of glutathione (GSH) without affecting peroxidized lipid concentrations. Erastin with ferric citrate was able to decrease intracellular GSH and induce lipid peroxidation after overnight incubation. Only deferiprone was able to rescue the cells from ferroptosis by decreasing lipid peroxidation via iron ion chelation in a 3:1 molar ratio

Review: Behaviour of endothelial cells face to hypoxia

International audienc