L'allergie à l'arachide (rôle et conseil du pharmacien dans le suivi du patient allergique)

Le terme allergie désigne une réaction anormale, excessive de l organisme à un agent auquel il est particulièrement sensible. En France, il y a entre 1 et 2,5 % de la population française générale (tous âges confondus) qui est sensibilisée à l arachide. La prévalence de l allergie à l arachide est estimée entre 0,3 et 0,75 % en France. Cette allergie constitue un problème majeur de santé publique par la gravité de la réaction allergique. Les symptômes de l allergie arachide sont variés : asthme, urticaire, dermatite atopique, œdème de quincke, choc anaphylactique. Le diagnostic de l allergie à l arachide se fait grâce à des dosages sanguins, des tests cutanés et le test de provocation orale. L éviction de l arachide est obligatoire et vitale. Le pharmacien a sa place dans le suivi du patient allergique. Il apporte ses conseils grâce à ses connaissances acquises. Il encadre le patient en lui donnant tous les conseils nécessaires afin d éviter un accident allergique.Term "allergy " indicates an extreme, abnormal reaction of an organism to an agent which it is particularly sensitive. In France, between 1 and 2.5% of the general population ( across all age groups) are sensitized to the peanut. The prevalency of allergy to the peanut is estimated between 0.3 and 0.75% in France. This allergy constitutes a major problem for public health due to the seriousness of the allergic reaction. The symptoms of peanut allergy are varied: asthma, hives, atopic dermatitis, edema of quincke, anaphylactic shock. This allergic reaction can be confirmed through blood tests, cutaneous tests and the test of oral provocation. It is important not to eat the peanut. Chemists have their place in the monitoring of the allergic patient. they bring their advice by applying their professional training, supervising the patient and providing the necessary advice in order to avoid an allergic accident.AMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocSudocFranceF

FISTULES AORTO-BRONCHIQUES (A PROPOS DE TROIS OBSERVATIONS ET REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE)

AMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Glutathione: Antioxidant Properties Dedicated to Nanotechnologies

International audienceWhich scientist has never heard of glutathione (GSH)? This well-known low-molecular-weight tripeptide is perhaps the most famous natural antioxidant. However, the interest in GSH should not be restricted to its redox properties. This multidisciplinary review aims to bring out some lesser-known aspects of GSH, for example, as an emerging tool in nanotechnologies to achieve targeted drug delivery. After recalling the biochemistry of GSH, including its metabolism pathways and redox properties, its involvement in cellular redox homeostasis and signaling is described. Analytical methods for the dosage and localization of GSH or glutathiolated proteins are also covered. Finally, the various therapeutic strategies to replenish GSH stocks are discussed, in parallel with its use as an addressing molecule in drug delivery

Intestinal absorption of S -nitrosothiols: permeability and transport mechanisms

International audienceS-nitrosothiols, a class of NO donors, demonstrate potential benefits for cardiovascular diseases. Drugs for such chronic diseases require long term administration preferentially through the oral route. However, the absorption of S-nitrosothiols by the intestine, which is the first limiting barrier for their vascular bioavailability, is rarely evaluated. Using an in vitro model of intestinal barrier, based on human cells, the present work aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of intestinal transport (passive or active, paracellular or transcellular pathway) and at predicting the absorption site of three S-nitrosothiols: S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), S-nitroso-N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NACNO) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D-penicillamine (SNAP). These S-nitrosothiols include different skeletons carrying the nitroso group, which confer different physico-chemical characteristics and biological activities (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory). According to the values of apparent permeability coefficient, the three S-nitrosothiols belong to the medium class of permeability. The evaluation of the bidirectional apparent permeability demonstrated a passive diffusion of the three S-nitrosothiols. GSNO and NACNO preferentially cross the intestinal barrier though the transcellular pathway, while SNAP followed both the trans- and paracellular pathways. Finally, the permeability of NACNO was favoured at pH 6.4, which is close to the pH of the jejunal part of the intestine. Through this study, we determined the absorption mechanisms of S-nitrosothiols and postulated that they can be administrated through the oral route

Screening and Purification of Metal Chelating Peptides in Hydrolysates for their Antioxidant Properties.

International audienceReactive Oxygen Species (ROS) induced oxidation Ageing and various pathologies in human related to oxidative stress, in particular inflammatory bowel diseases with iron anemia complication Degradation of consumption products (food, cosmetic matrix) Living organisms developped their own antioxidant defenses against these ROS Imbalance Oxidative stress Importance to discover natural antioxidants and evaluation of their bioactivity An interdisciplinary approach Some results SPR using a M 2+-chip:-a miniaturized approach of IMAC-type affinity chromatography-screening of the most interesting sources of metal-chelating peptides. Positive correlations evidenced between SPR screening and metal chelation tests using UV-Vis spectrometry on five sources of peptides. The affinity parameters are determined by SPR on some synthetic model peptides and then used to predict the separation of peptides on IMAC chromatographic column. Novel chromatography-MS method currently developed:-Screening of metal-chelating peptides sequences in a given complex mixture-Methodology successfully setup on a mixture of synthetic peptides-Further tests on real hydrolysates Identified peptides currently assessed for their antioxidant activity by chemical metal chelation and by in cellulo tests. Potential health application-Treatment of ferriprive anemia related to MICI, or inversely to hematochromatosis-Anchoring of these chelating peptides on nanoparticles for bioimaging or therapeutic applications. Metal-chelating peptides obtained after protein hydrolysis-Antioxidant properties related to the inhibition of Fenton reaction, responsible of ROS production-Used in pharmaceutics, foods and cosmetic Novel strategy for the screening and purification of the peptides to target their antioxidant properties. Novel approach developed in order to save time. Currently developed methods for the screening and separation of metal-chelating peptides by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) by mass spectrometry (MS) : identification of the peptide(s) of interest present in the complex mixture Determination of metal chelation capacity using UV-visible spectrophotometr

Screening and Separation of Metal Chelating Peptides for Nutrition and Health Applications

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Influence of socioeconomic status on functional recovery after ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2: a multicentre, observational study

International audienceIntroduction Prognosis of patients with COVID-19 depends on the severity of the pulmonary affection. The most severe cases may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is associated with a risk of long-term repercussions on respiratory function and neuromuscular outcomes. The functional repercussions of severe forms of COVID-19 may have a major impact on quality of life, and impair the ability to return to work or exercise. Social inequalities in healthcare may influence prognosis, with socially vulnerable individuals more likely to develop severe forms of disease. We describe here the protocol for a prospective, multicentre study that aims to investigate the influence of social vulnerability on functional recovery in patients who were hospitalised in intensive care for ARDS caused by COVID-19. This study will also include an embedded qualitative study that aims to describe facilitators and barriers to compliance with rehabilitation, describe patients’ health practices and identify social representations of health, disease and care. Methods and analysis The "Functional Recovery From Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Due to COVID-19: Influence of Socio-Economic Status" (RECOVIDS) study is a mixed-methods, observational, multicentre cohort study performed during the routine follow-up of post-intensive care unit (ICU) functional recovery after ARDS. All patients admitted to a participating ICU for PCR-proven SARS-CoV-2 infection and who underwent chest CT scan at the initial phase AND who received respiratory support (mechanical or not) or high-flow nasal oxygen, AND had ARDS diagnosed by the Berlin criteria will be eligible. The primary outcome is the presence of lung sequelae at 6 months after ICU discharge, defined either by alterations on pulmonary function tests, oxygen desaturation during a standardised 6 min walk test or fibrosis-like pulmonary findings on chest CT. Patients will be considered to be socially disadvantaged if they have an "Evaluation de la Précarité et des Inégalités de santé dans les Centres d’Examen de Santé" (EPICES) score ≥30.17 at inclusion. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol and the informed consent form were approved by an independent ethics committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud Méditerranée II) on 10 July 2020 (2020-A02014-35). All patients will provide informed consent before participation. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international congresses