Foam Drainage Control Using Thermocapillary Stress in a Two-Dimensional Microchamber

International audienceWe investigate the drainage of a 2D microfoam in a vertical Hele-Shaw cell, and show that the Marangoni stress at the air-water interface generated by a constant temperature gradient applied in situ can be tuned to control the drainage. The temperature gradient is applied in such a way that thermocapillarity and gravity have an antagonist e ect. We characterize the drainage over time by measuring the liquid volume fraction in the cell and find that thermocapillarity can overcome the e ect of gravity, e ectively draining the foam towards the top of the cell, or exactly compensate it, maintaining the liquid fraction at its initial value over at least 60 s. We quantify these results by solving the mass balance in the cell, and provide insight on the interplay between gravity, thermocapillarity and capillary pressure governing the drainage dynamics

Development of a three-dimensional model of a vertical-axis and transverse-flow hydrokinetic turbine

Water Qualit

Better safe than sorry: ho to strengthen the Human-Dog relationship?

Even though dogs share our environment for more than 15000 years, their bites remain frequent and might be serious. Our aim is to give some cues, in accordance with recent scientific data, to prevent dogs’ aggressions. Detecting signs of fear, stress, and aggression emitted by a dog during interactions with humans is particularly important so that humans can adjust their behaviour to prevent a more serious aggression. Taking into account the dog’s temperament (e.g. boldness and aggressiveness) during interactions is also necessary. In order to explain the human-dog relationship, the dominance- subordination concept; taking into account conflicts and their resolution; has to be abandoned. On the contrary, the leadership theory and the theory referring to the balance of interactions (positive, neutral or negative), which promote positive interactions, should now be developed. In addition, ensuring behavioural needs, in order to provide the behavioural needs of a companion dog permits to decrease frustrations and consequently enhances a relationship of a better quality.Même si le chien partage l’environnement de l’homme depuis au moins 15000 ans, ses morsures n’en restent pas moins fréquentes et parfois graves. Notre objectif est de fournir quelques réflexions, en cohérence avec les dernières données scientifiques publiées, afin de prévenir ces morsures. Connaître et détecter les signaux de peur, de stress et d’agression qu’un chien peut émettre au cours des interactions avec l’humain est particulièrement important afin que ce dernier puisse ajuster son comportement et éviter une escalade de l’agression. Prendre en compte le tempérament (témérité, agressivité notamment) de l’individu avec lequel on interagit est également nécessaire. Afin d’expliquer la relation homme-chien, le concept de dominance-subordination, se focalisant sur les interactions négatives semble devoir être abandonné. En revanche, les théories du leadership ou de la balance des interactions (positives, neutres et négatives) permettant de favoriser les interactions positives afin d’éviter les conflits et donc de réduire les agressions, doivent être développées. Enfin, respecter les besoins comportementaux, afin d’assurer le bien-être comportemental du chien au sein du foyer, permet de réduire ses frustrations et favorise une relation de meilleure qualité

La pharmacométrie

International audienceCette revue scientifiques et techniques en français aborde le thème de la pharmacométrie. La pharmacométrie a été récemment définie comme la science de la pharmacologie clinique quantitative. La pharmacologie étudie l'interaction entre notre organisme et le médicament. Cette interaction recouvre la pharmacocinétique (PK) (ce que notre organisme fait subir au médicament) et la pharmacodynamie (PD) (ce que le médicament fait subir à notre organisme). Cette revue présente tout d'abord le type de données rencontrées en pharmacologie clinique et les modèles dynamiques et statistiques qui sous-tendent l'approche de population. Dans un contexte de modélisation des données, les méthodes d'estimation des paramètres des modèles ainsi que les étapes de construction et de validation de modèles son présentés. Pour finir, les méthodes d'évaluation et d'optimisation des protocoles qui s'appuient sur ces modèles seront présentées avec l'ensemble de ces outils Tout au long de cet article, nous illustrons nos propos par une application à la PK et la PD de la warfarine

La pharmacométrie

International audienceCette revue scientifiques et techniques en français aborde le thème de la pharmacométrie. La pharmacométrie a été récemment définie comme la science de la pharmacologie clinique quantitative. La pharmacologie étudie l'interaction entre notre organisme et le médicament. Cette interaction recouvre la pharmacocinétique (PK) (ce que notre organisme fait subir au médicament) et la pharmacodynamie (PD) (ce que le médicament fait subir à notre organisme). Cette revue présente tout d'abord le type de données rencontrées en pharmacologie clinique et les modèles dynamiques et statistiques qui sous-tendent l'approche de population. Dans un contexte de modélisation des données, les méthodes d'estimation des paramètres des modèles ainsi que les étapes de construction et de validation de modèles son présentés. Pour finir, les méthodes d'évaluation et d'optimisation des protocoles qui s'appuient sur ces modèles seront présentées avec l'ensemble de ces outils Tout au long de cet article, nous illustrons nos propos par une application à la PK et la PD de la warfarine

Energy expenditure of extreme competitive mountaineering skiing

Purpose: Multi-hour ski mountaineering energy balance may be negative and intake below recommendations. Methods: Athletes on the ‘Patrouille des Glaciers' racecourses (17 on course Z, 27km, +2,113m; 11 on course A, 26km, +1,881m) volunteered. Pre-race measurements included body mass, stature, VO2max, and heart rate (HR) vs VO2 at simulated altitude; race measurements HR, altitude, incline, location, and food and drink intake (A). Energy expenditure (EE) was calculated from altitude corrected HR derived VO2. Results: Race time was 5h 7min±44min (mean±SD, Z) and 5h 51min±53min (A). Subjects spent 19.2±3.2MJ (Z), respectively, 22.6±2.9MJ (A) during the race. Energy deficit was −15.5±3.9MJ (A); intake covered 20±7% (A). Overall energy cost of locomotion (EC) was 9.9±1.3Jm−1kg−1 (Z), 8.0±1.0Jm−1kg−1 (A). Uphill EC was 11.7±1Jm−1kg−1 (Z, 13% slope) and 15.7±2.3Jm−1kg−1 (A, 19% slope). Race A subjects lost −1.5±1.1kg, indicating near euhydration. Age, body mass, gear mass, VO2max and EC were significantly correlated with performance; energy deficit was not. Conclusions: Energy expenditure and energy deficit of a multi-hour ski mountaineering race are very high and energy intake is below recommendations

CYBA Gene Polymorphisms and Adverse Outcomes in Acute Kidney Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: NADPH oxidase is an important enzyme involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species in acute kidney injury (AKI). Its key subunit, p22phox, is encoded by the highly polymorphic CYBA gene. Methods: We examined the associations of CYBA gene polymorphisms across the CYBA locus (rs8854, rs3794624, rs4673, rs4782390, and rs1049255) with dialysis requirement or in-hospital death in 256 hospitalized adults with AKI. Dominant and haplotype multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, adjusted for sex, race, age, and severity of illness. Results: The baseline characteristics of the patients were not different among genotype groups with the exception of a lower prevalence of sepsis and shock in the CYBA rs8854 A-allele group; a higher prevalence of shock in the CYBA rs4782390 T-allele group, and a higher APACHE II score in the CYBA rs1049255 G-allele group. The CYBA rs8854 A-allele had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.41 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.18–0.96) for the outcome of dialysis requirement or in-hospital death. The CYBA rs4673 T-allele and rs1049255 G-allele had unadjusted ORs of 1.69 (95% CI 1.03–2.79) and 1.66 (95% CI 1.01–2.73) for the composite outcome, respectively, which became non-significant after multivariable adjustment. The remaining 2 polymorphisms were not associated with the outcomes of interest. Finally, the presence of the CYBA A-A-G-G haplotype (generated from rs4782390, rs4673, rs3794624, and rs8854, all in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) was associated with an elevated OR of 1.81 (95% CI 1.07–3.08) for dialysis requirement or in-hospital death, which was attenuated after multivariable adjustment (OR 1.80; 95% CI 0.99–3.29). Conclusion: This study identifies several polymorphisms spanning the entire CYBA gene locus and a common haplotype as risk markers for dialysis requirement or in-hospital death in patients with AKI. Additional studies are needed to validate these findings

Enhanced susceptibility of T lymphocytes to oxidative stress in the absence of the cellular prion protein.: PrPC and oxidative stress in T lymphocytes

International audienceThe cellular prion glycoprotein (PrP(C)) is ubiquitously expressed but its physiologic functions remain enigmatic, particularly in the immune system. Here, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that PrP(C) is involved in T lymphocytes response to oxidative stress. By monitoring the intracellular level of reduced glutathione, we show that PrP(-/-) thymocytes display a higher susceptibility to H(2)O(2) exposure than PrP(+/+) cells. Furthermore, we find that in mice fed with a restricted diet, a regimen known to increase the intracellular level of ROS, PrP(-/-) thymocytes are more sensitive to oxidative stress. PrP(C) function appears to be specific for oxidative stress, since no significant differences are observed between PrP(-/-) and PrP(+/+) mice exposed to other kinds of stress. We also show a marked evolution of the redox status of T cells throughout differentiation in the thymus. Taken together, our results clearly ascribe to PrP(C) a protective function in thymocytes against oxidative stress

Identification of SLURP-1 as an epidermal neuromodulator explains the clinical phenotype of Mal de Meleda

Mal de Meleda is an autosomal recessive inflammatory and keratotic palmoplantar skin disorder due to mutations in the ARS B gene, encoding for SLURP-1 (secreted mammalian Ly-6/uPAR-related protein 1). SLURP-1 belongs to the Ly-6/uPAR superfamily of receptor and secreted proteins, which participate in signal transduction, immune cell activation or cellular adhesion. The high degree of structural similarity between SLURP-1 and the three fingers motif of snake neurotoxins and Lynx1 suggests that this protein interacts with the neuronal acetylcholine receptors. We found that SLURP-1 potentiates the human α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that are present in keratinocytes. These results identify SLURP-1 as a secreted epidermal neuromodulator which is likely to be essential for both epidermal homeostasis and inhibition of TNF-alpha release by macrophages during wound healing. This explains both the hyperproliferative as well as the inflammatory clinical phenotype of Mal de Meled

Success: Strategic Use of Competitiveness towards Consolidating the Economic Sustainability of the European Seafood Sector

The H2020 SUCCESS project aims at improving the competitiveness and economic sustainability of the European seafood sector. In accordance with the Call (BG-10-2014), SUCCESS will in particular identify "success stories", defined as innovative or alternative ways of running aquaculture and fisheries businesses. These exemplary cases will be reported during the project, in order to understand how likely they are to modify the economic performances of production activities, and improve the competitiveness of the seafood industry. In addition, as part of the dissemination activity, it was decided to produce a film presenting some selected successful cases. As part of the SUCCESS Special Session, we propose (1) to present the methodology followed to identify the potential "success stories", (2) to describe the cases selected and (3) to show a preliminary compilation of the first films.Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, held July 11-15, 2016 at Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Center (AECC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK