12 research outputs found

    Impacto de diferentes prácticas agrícolas sobre la diversidad microbiana del suelo y la sustentabilidad de un agroecosistema sojero del norte argentino

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    Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias Agropecuarias)--UNC- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2014.La intensificación de los sistemas agrícolas del noroeste argentino ha originado un incremento en la degradación de la calidad de los suelos, con el consecuente aumento de las enfermedades en el cultivo de soja. Al ser la microflora edáfica una herramienta ideal para determinar el deterioro del suelo, sus variaciones pueden indicar como manipular este ambiente para favorecer las poblaciones de biocontroladores y con ello la sanidad del cultivo. El objetivo de esta tesis fue evaluar el impacto del manejo bajo monocultivo vs. la rotación de cultivos, sobre la diversidad microbiana del suelo y su interacción con parámetros químicos y físicos edáficos y la incidencia de enfermedades causadas por hongos de suelo. Se tomaron muestran rizosféricas de distintos lotes (sitios) productivos y sitios prístinos de la Localidad de Las Lajitas, Salta, durante 2009-10/2010-11/2011-12. Se evaluaron diversos parámetros biológicos, químicos y físicos, junto a la incidencia de enfermedades causadas por hongos de suelo y el rendimiento del cultivo. La deforestación y las actividades agrícolas convencionales modificaron la estructura y función de las comunidades microbianas del suelo, además de los agentes potenciales de biocontrol de enfermedades. Los manejos convencionales estuvieron asociados a bajos niveles de la mayoría de los parámetros biológicos y presentaron los mayores niveles de incidencia para todas las enfermedades registradas. Además, estuvieron asociados a mayores emisiones de óxido nitroso, lo que contribuye al calentamiento global. Se pudo determinar a Fusarium crassispititatum Scandiani, T. Aoki et O’Donnell, sp. nov., como la especie más predominante en la zona de estudio. Nuestros resultados apoyan la hipótesis e indican que las prácticas de manejo conservacionistas, mejoran las transformaciones biológicas en el suelo, promoviendo la fertilidad del suelo. Fue posible validar la hipótesis planteada en este trabajo y confirmar que los manejos convencionales disminuyen la diversidad microbiológica del suelo, alterando el equilibrio entre comunidades microbianas, deteriorando sus condiciones químicas-físicas edáficas, y la sanidad del cultivo.In the northeast region of Argentina, the intensification of the agricultural systems through the use of non - conservationist farming practices has led to a decrease of the essential nutrients available for crop growth. This br ings along an increased degradation of soil quality and the consequent enlargement in diseases caused by soil - borne fungi. In relation to chemical and physical variables, little is known about the impact of agricultural practices on soil biodiversity in no n - traditional areas of northern Argentina. Therefore, the principal aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of conventional farming (soybean monoculture) vs conservation management ( soybean – maize rotation) , on soil microbial diversity and its interacti on with soil chemical and physical parameters. The incidence of soil - borne fungal diseases in soybean was evaluated as well . Soils under different management systems and native vegetation were evaluated during 3 crop cycles (2009 - 2010, 2010 - 2011 and 2011 - 2 012) in Las Lajitas, Salta . Samples from agricultural soils were obtained from the row zone . Several biological, chemical and physical parameters were evaluated. Our studies indicate that deforestation and intensive agricultural activities modified the str ucture and function of soil microbial communities, including potential biocontrol agents. Monoculture was associated with low levels of biological, chemical and physical parameters and presented the highest levels of incidence of soilborne diseases. In add ition, they were associated with higher emissions of nitrous oxide, which contributes to global warming. We were able to determinate Fusarium crassispititatum Scandiani, T. Aoki et O'Donnell, as the most dominant specie in the study area. Our results indic ate that conservation management practices improve biological transformations on soil validating the hypothesis suggested in this work. It was also possible to confirm that conventional maneuvers decrease soil microbial diversity, altering the balance betw een microbial communities, impairing their chemical - physical edaphic conditions and crop health

    Estudio de la actividad degradadora de bacterias de suelo sobre gas oil

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    Se estudia el comportamiento de bacterias del suelo, aisladas de sitios contaminados con hidrocarburos con el interés de utilizarlas en ensayos de bioaumentación para el tratamiento de residuos empetrolados. Se analizan las curvas de absorbancia de cada cepa bacteriana aislada, frente a medios de cultivo con gas oil, como única fuente de carbono, y en medios de cultivo comunes enriquecidos. Se obtienen comportamientos característicos de crecimiento de cada cepa. Asimismo se cuantifica la remoción del gas oil a niveles del 80%-85% en 15 días de incubación, que demuestra la afinidad de las bacterias inoculadas por el contaminante.The behavior of bacteria isolated from soils contaminated with hydrocarbons was studied with the interested to use them in bioaugmentation techniques for the treatment of petroleum waste. The curves of absorbance for each isolates strains, were analyzed in two kinds of media, one of this used gas oil as only source of carbon, the other was a common media. Tipicals growing behaviors was obtained, that certainty confirms the capacity of the strains to consume the contaminant. The gas oil remotion was quantificated to levels of 85% in 15 days of incubation.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

    Estudio de la actividad degradadora de bacterias de suelo sobre gas oil

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    Se estudia el comportamiento de bacterias del suelo, aisladas de sitios contaminados con hidrocarburos con el interés de utilizarlas en ensayos de bioaumentación para el tratamiento de residuos empetrolados. Se analizan las curvas de absorbancia de cada cepa bacteriana aislada, frente a medios de cultivo con gas oil, como única fuente de carbono, y en medios de cultivo comunes enriquecidos. Se obtienen comportamientos característicos de crecimiento de cada cepa. Asimismo se cuantifica la remoción del gas oil a niveles del 80%-85% en 15 días de incubación, que demuestra la afinidad de las bacterias inoculadas por el contaminante.The behavior of bacteria isolated from soils contaminated with hydrocarbons was studied with the interested to use them in bioaugmentation techniques for the treatment of petroleum waste. The curves of absorbance for each isolates strains, were analyzed in two kinds of media, one of this used gas oil as only source of carbon, the other was a common media. Tipicals growing behaviors was obtained, that certainty confirms the capacity of the strains to consume the contaminant. The gas oil remotion was quantificated to levels of 85% in 15 days of incubation.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

    Estudio de la actividad degradadora de bacterias de suelo sobre gas oil

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    Se estudia el comportamiento de bacterias del suelo, aisladas de sitios contaminados con hidrocarburos con el interés de utilizarlas en ensayos de bioaumentación para el tratamiento de residuos empetrolados. Se analizan las curvas de absorbancia de cada cepa bacteriana aislada, frente a medios de cultivo con gas oil, como única fuente de carbono, y en medios de cultivo comunes enriquecidos. Se obtienen comportamientos característicos de crecimiento de cada cepa. Asimismo se cuantifica la remoción del gas oil a niveles del 80%-85% en 15 días de incubación, que demuestra la afinidad de las bacterias inoculadas por el contaminante.The behavior of bacteria isolated from soils contaminated with hydrocarbons was studied with the interested to use them in bioaugmentation techniques for the treatment of petroleum waste. The curves of absorbance for each isolates strains, were analyzed in two kinds of media, one of this used gas oil as only source of carbon, the other was a common media. Tipicals growing behaviors was obtained, that certainty confirms the capacity of the strains to consume the contaminant. The gas oil remotion was quantificated to levels of 85% in 15 days of incubation.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

    Nematodos bacteriófagos como bioindicadores y como organismos asociados a los procesos de biorremediación

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    De la gran diversidad de organismos que viven en el suelo, los nematodos bacteriófagos constituyen un sujeto de estudio interesante en la búsqueda de bioindicadores adecuados para reflejar el grado de perturbación del suelo y la marcha de los procesos de recuperación. En el presente trabajo se hace una evaluación de distintas situaciones relacionadas con suelos alterados por actividades antrópicas y su relación con las poblaciones de nematodos bacteriófagos y bacterias, analizadas en laboratorio y a campo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el comportamiento de estos organismos responde a la evolución del los niveles de concentración del contaminante.Among the large variety of living organisms in soil the bacteriophagous nematodes have been studied extensively due to their potential use as biosensors. These biosensors can be used to determine the degree of soil perturbation (damage) and the rate of soil restoration. This paper evaluates different damaged (contaminated) soils due to the human activity and their relationship to the bacteriophagous nematodes population in field and laboratory scales. The results indicate that the behaviour of the organisms population is correlated to the contaminant concentration levels.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

    Nematodos bacteriófagos como bioindicadores y como organismos asociados a los procesos de biorremediación

    Get PDF
    De la gran diversidad de organismos que viven en el suelo, los nematodos bacteriófagos constituyen un sujeto de estudio interesante en la búsqueda de bioindicadores adecuados para reflejar el grado de perturbación del suelo y la marcha de los procesos de recuperación. En el presente trabajo se hace una evaluación de distintas situaciones relacionadas con suelos alterados por actividades antrópicas y su relación con las poblaciones de nematodos bacteriófagos y bacterias, analizadas en laboratorio y a campo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el comportamiento de estos organismos responde a la evolución del los niveles de concentración del contaminante.Among the large variety of living organisms in soil the bacteriophagous nematodes have been studied extensively due to their potential use as biosensors. These biosensors can be used to determine the degree of soil perturbation (damage) and the rate of soil restoration. This paper evaluates different damaged (contaminated) soils due to the human activity and their relationship to the bacteriophagous nematodes population in field and laboratory scales. The results indicate that the behaviour of the organisms population is correlated to the contaminant concentration levels.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

    Nematodos bacteriófagos como bioindicadores y como organismos asociados a los procesos de biorremediación

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    De la gran diversidad de organismos que viven en el suelo, los nematodos bacteriófagos constituyen un sujeto de estudio interesante en la búsqueda de bioindicadores adecuados para reflejar el grado de perturbación del suelo y la marcha de los procesos de recuperación. En el presente trabajo se hace una evaluación de distintas situaciones relacionadas con suelos alterados por actividades antrópicas y su relación con las poblaciones de nematodos bacteriófagos y bacterias, analizadas en laboratorio y a campo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el comportamiento de estos organismos responde a la evolución del los niveles de concentración del contaminante.Among the large variety of living organisms in soil the bacteriophagous nematodes have been studied extensively due to their potential use as biosensors. These biosensors can be used to determine the degree of soil perturbation (damage) and the rate of soil restoration. This paper evaluates different damaged (contaminated) soils due to the human activity and their relationship to the bacteriophagous nematodes population in field and laboratory scales. The results indicate that the behaviour of the organisms population is correlated to the contaminant concentration levels.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

    Effects of IFN-γ coding plasmid supplementation in the immune response and protection elicited by Trypanosoma cruzi attenuated parasites

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    Abstract Background Previous studies showed that a naturally attenuated strain from Trypanosoma cruzi triggers an immune response mainly related to a Th2-type profile. Albeit this, a strong protection against virulent challenge was obtained after priming mice with this attenuated strain. However, this protection is not enough to completely clear parasites from the host. In T. cruzi infection, early Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is critical to lead type 1 responses able to control intracellular parasites. Therefore we evaluated whether the co-administration of a plasmid encoding murine IFN-γ could modify the immune response induced by infection with attenuated parasites and improve protection against further infections. Methods C57BL/6J mice were infected intraperitoneally with three doses of live attenuated parasites in combination with plasmid pVXVR-mIFN-γ. Before each infection dose, sera samples were collected for parasite specific antibodies determination and cytokine quantification. To evaluate the recall response to T. cruzi, mice were challenged with virulent parasites 30 days after the last dose and parasite load in peripheral blood and heart was evaluated. Results As determined by ELISA, significantly increase in T. cruzi specific antibodies response was detected in the group in which pVXVR-mIFN-γ was incorporated, with a higher predominance of IgG2a subtype in comparison to the group of mice only inoculated with attenuated parasites. At our limit of detection, serum levels of IFN-γ were not detected, however a slight decrease in IL-10 concentrations was observed in groups in which pVXVR-mIFN-γ was supplemented. To analyze if the administration of pVXVR-mIFN-γ has any beneficial effect in protection against subsequent infections, all experimental groups were submitted to a lethal challenge with virulent bloodstream trypomastigotes. Similar levels of challenge parasites were detected in peripheral blood and heart of mice primed with attenuated parasites alone or combined with plasmid DNA. Expansion of IgG antibodies was not significant in TCC+ pVXVR-mIFN-γ; however, the overall tendency to sustain a Th2 profile was maintained. Conclusions Overall, these results suggest that administration of plasmid pVXVR-mIFN-γ could have beneficial effects on host specific antibody production in response to T. cruzi attenuated infection; however, this outcome is not reflected in an improved protection against further virulent infections

    Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Effects of IFN-γ coding plasmid supplementation in the immune response and protection elicited by Trypanosoma cruzi attenuated parasites

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    pVXVR-mIFN-γ administration alters the parasite-specific immune response elicited by infection with attenuated parasites by the intramuscular and oral route. Mice (n = 4) were infected (4 weeks apart) with 3 doses of 105 metacyclic trypomatigotes of the attenuated TCC strain, 50 μg of plasmid pVXVR-mIFN-γ or a combination of both by the intramuscular (A-C) or oral (B-D) route. After each infection dose, serum samples were collected for (A-B) T. cruzi specific total IgGs levels and (C-D) serum levels of parasite specific IgG subtypes. (PDF 48 kb
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