813 research outputs found
Use of Viscera Extract from Surubim (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) for the production of Casein Hydrolysate
Protein hydrolysates are mixtures of polypeptides, oligopeptides and amino acids that are manufactured from protein sources using partial hydrolysis. The method of preference is enzymatic hydrolysis since is easily controllable, quick, specific and it´s an affordable technology to produce high value-added products. This method is widely applied, not only to upgrade the functional and nutritional properties of proteins in the food industry, but also is used in other areas of biotechnology such as by providing specialized media for microorganisms grown in the laboratory. Today, the preparation of hydrolysates derived from milk proteins and casein has received much attention due to the diversity and unique functional properties. Proteases used to obtain a more selective hydrolysis of milk proteins are from different sources, between them fish viscera generated during the commercial processing. The Northeast of Argentina has native fish species cultivated, and of total aquaculture annual production, above 3300 tons, approximately 74 tons corresponds to surubĂm (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans). This freshwater fish is carnivorous so the viscera, that constitute the majority waste of processing, is a rich source of proteases. The objective of this work was to study the proteolytic activity of surubim viscera extract on casein. The extract was prepared from tissue that coats the stomach area near duodenum. Previous to proteolytic assays, the thermal stability of enzymatic extract by 2h (0, 8, 25, 37, 45, 50, 55, 60, 75 and 100 °C) and proteases inhibitors (soybean trypsin inhibitor -TBSI-, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride -PMSF- and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate -EDTA-Na2-) were assayed over Nα-Benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BApNA) as substrate. The proteolytic capacity of the extract was evaluated at 0, 1, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min, on casein. The cleavage of casein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE (14%, Coomassie Blue stain). The thermal stability profile of the viscera extract revealed that these fish enzymes were highly stables at temperatures below 55°C and they retained the 50% of their initial activity when they were incubated at 60 °C. In addition, the activity on BApNA was strongly inhibited by TBSI, whereas PMSF and EDTA-Na2 did not exhibit an effect on activity. The 60% of proteolytic activity on casein developed in one hour was achieved during the first 5 min. Simultaneously, the extract showed similar behavior by SDS-PAGE analysis. The typical bands of casein (αs1, β and Îş) showed rapid degradation in a short incubation time. The results suggest that trypsin-like enzymes present on surubim viscera extract have high thermal stability. The studies on milk protein demonstrated the ability of the fish viscera extract to produce a casein hydrolysate. In this way, the findings presented in the current work demonstrate that the surubim viscera extract could be considered as a potentially strong candidate for future industrial applications, such as the obtaining of milk peptones for the cultivation of microorganisms.Fil: Van de Velde, Andrea Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de QuĂmica Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de QuĂmica Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Juan M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de QuĂmica Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de QuĂmica Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de QuĂmica Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de QuĂmica Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Leiva, Laura Cristina Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de QuĂmica Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de QuĂmica Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; ArgentinaXX Annual Meeting of the Argentinean Biology Society and VII Meeting of the Uruguayan Society of BiosciencesBuenos AiresArgentinaSociedad Argentina de BiologĂaSociedad Uruguaya de Biociencia
Climate Security Policy Coherence and Awareness Analysis Report: East Africa and Kenya
This report summarises a climate security policy coherence and awareness assessment of policy and strategy documents extracted from climate-and peace and security-related sectors produced at the national level in Kenya. It makes use of a policy assessment framework developed specifically for the purpose of assessing coherence and climate security-sensitivity
Climate Security Policy Coherence and Awareness Analysis Report: West Africa and Senegal
This report aims to contribute to this need by conducting a climate security policy coherence and awareness assessment of policy and strategy documents extracted from climate-and peace and security-related sectors produced at the national level in Senegal. It will do so by making use of a policy assessment framework developed specifically for the purpose of assessing coherence and climate security-sensitivity
Burden of Respiratory Failure in Pediatric Patients: Analysis of a Prospective Multicenter Cohort in Bogotá, Colombia
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The approach to the burden of disease is a demographic, economic, and a health problem, which requires the design and application of specific measures of cost of the disease, such as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), to establish better public health policies in the pediatric population. The aim of this study is to approach the burden of disease in children with acute respiratory failure (ARF) through the calculation of DALYs.
METHODS: This study was conducted in the framework of a prospective, multicenter cohort in Bogotá, Colombia. Inclusion criteria were all pediatric patients admitted to the emergency department, hospitalization, and intensive care unit with respiratory distress; eligible patients were all those who developed ARF between April 2020 and December 2021. They were followed-up during hospitalization, at 30 and 60 days after admission. The Infant/Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire and KIDSCREEN quality of life scales were applied for follow-up according to the age group. The results were used to calculate DALYs.
RESULTS: Six hundred and eighty-five eligible patients, 296 (43.08%) developed ARF, of these 22 (6.08%) patients died (mortality rate = 7.43%). The total DALYs was 277.164 years. For younger than 9 years, the DALYs were 302.64 years, while for older than 10 years were 40.49 years.
CONCLUSION: ARF is one of the main causes of preventable mortality in pediatrics, its progression to respiratory failure is a highly prevalent condition in pediatric age, a condition that has a great impact on mortality, morbidity, and disability in our patients
Improvement of cardiometabolic markers after fish oil intervention in young Mexican adults and the role of PPARα L162V and PPARγ2 P12A
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) contained in fish oil (FO) are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) that may induce changes in cardiometabolic markers. Variation in PPAR genes may influence the beneficial responses linked to FO supplementation in young adults. The study aimed to analyze the effect of FO supplementation on glucose metabolism, circulating lipids and inflammation according to PPARα L162V and PPARγ2 P12A genotypes in young Mexican adults. 191 young, non-smoking subjects between 18 and 40 years were included in a one-arm study. Participants were supplemented with 2.7 g/day of EPA+DHA, during six weeks. Dietary analysis, body composition measurements and indicators for glucose metabolism, circulating lipids, and markers for inflammation were analyzed before and after intervention. An overall decrease in triglycerides (TG) and an increase in HS-ω3 index were observed in all subjects [-4.1 mg/dL, (SD:±51.7), P=.02 and 2.6%, (SD:±1.2), P\u3c.001 respectively]. Mean fasting insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) were significantly decreased in all subjects [-0.547mlU/L, (SD:±10.29), P=.034 and-0.07%, (SD:±0.3), P\u3c.001 respectively], whereas there was no change in body composition, fasting glucose, adiponectin and inflammatory markers. Subjects carrying the minor alleles of PPARα L162V and PPARγ2 P12A had higher responses in reduction of TG and fasting insulin respectively. Interestingly, doses below 2.7 g/day (1.8 g/day) were sufficient to induce a significant reduction in fasting insulin and HbA1c% from baseline (P=.019 and P\u3c.001). The observed responses in triglycerides and fasting insulin in the Mexican population give further evidence of the importance of FO supplementation in young people as an early step towards the prevention of cardiometabolic disease.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02296385
Coordinación de competencias de tratamiento de señal y comunicaciones en estudios de Telecomunicación en EPS-UA
Los objetivos del presente trabajo son el seguimiento, la coordinaciĂłn, la evaluaciĂłn y la mejora en la distribuciĂłn de competencias de las asignaturas obligatorias de los cursos primero, segundo y tercero del Grado en IngenierĂa en Sonido e Imagen en TelecomunicaciĂłn y una asignatura obligatoria del Máster en IngenierĂa de TelecomunicaciĂłn. La red tiene carácter transversal y se centra en materias de tratamiento de señal y comunicaciones de estudios de TelecomunicaciĂłn en la Escuela PolitĂ©cnica Superior de la Universidad de Alicante. Para alcanzar los objetivos se plantea llevar a cabo una colaboraciĂłn de la que formen parte las subdirecciones de las titulaciones, la direcciĂłn del departamento y las profesoras y los profesores de las asignaturas relacionadas con las competencias de tratamiento de señal y comunicaciones en el Grado y Máster Universitario de estudios de TelecomunicaciĂłn en la Escuela PolitĂ©cnica Superior. En el proceso se elaboraron documentos para facilitar la puesta en comĂşn y la concreciĂłn de acuerdos de mejora
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Wolbachia dominance influences the Culex quinquefasciatus microbiota
Microorganisms present in mosquitoes and their interactions are key factors affecting insect development. Among them, Wolbachia is closely associated with the host and affects several fitness parameters. In this study, the bacterial and fungal microbiota from two laboratory Culex quinquefasciatus isolines (wild type and tetracycline-cured) were characterized by metagenome amplicon sequencing of the ITS2 and 16S rRNA genes at different developmental stages and feeding conditions. We identified 572 bacterial and 61 fungal OTUs. Both isolines presented variable bacterial communities and different trends in the distribution of diversity among the groups. The lowest bacterial richness was detected in sugar-fed adults of the cured isoline, whereas fungal richness was highly reduced in blood-fed mosquitoes. Beta diversity analysis indicated that isolines are an important factor in the differentiation of mosquito bacterial communities. Considering composition, Penicillium was the dominant fungal genus, whereas Wolbachia dominance was inversely related to that of Enterobacteria (mainly Thorsellia and Serratia). This study provides a more complete overview of the mosquito microbiome, emphasizing specific highly abundant components that should be considered in microorganism manipulation approaches to control vector-borne diseases
Imaging land subsidence in the GuadalentĂn River Basin (SE Spain) using Advanced Differential SAR Interferometry
Aquifer overexploitation can lead to the irreversible loss of groundwater storage caused by the compaction or consolidation of unconsolidated fine-grained sediments resulting in land subsidence. Advanced Differential SAR Interferometry (A-DINSAR) is particularly efficient to monitor progressive ground movements, making it an appropriate method to study depleting aquifers undergoing overexploitation and land subsidence. The GuadalentĂn River Basin (Murcia, Spain) is a widely recognized subsiding area that exhibits the highest rates of groundwater-related land subsidence recorded in Europe (>10 cm/yr). The basin covers an extension of more than 500 km2 and is underlain by an overexploited aquifer-system formed by two contiguous hydraulically connected units (Alto GuadalentĂn and Bajo GuadalentĂn). Although during the last years the piezometric levels have partially stabilized, the ongoing aquifer-system deformation is evident and significant, as revealed by the A-DInSAR analysis presented. In this work, we submit the first vertical and horizontal (E-W) decomposition results of the LOS velocity and displacement time series of the whole GuadalentĂn Basin obtained from two datasets of Sentinel-1 SAR acquisitions in ascending and descending modes. The images cover the period from 2015 to 2021 and they were processed using the Parallel Small BAseline Subset (P-SBAS) implemented by CNRIREA in the Geohazards Exploitation Platform (GEP) on-demand web tool, which is funded by the European Space Agency. The output ascending and descending measurement points of P-SBAS lie on the same regular grid, which is particularly suited for the geometrical decomposition. Time series displacements are compared to a permanent GNSS station located in the Bajo GuadalentĂn basin.This study has received funding in framework of the RESERVOIR project (Sustainable groundwater RESources managEment by integrating eaRth observation deriVed monitoring and flOw modelIng Results), funded by the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area (PRIMA) programme supported by the European Union (Grant Agreement 1924; https://reservoir-prima.org/). The study has also been supported by the Grant FPU19/03929 (funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “FSE invests in your future”); the Project CGL2017-83931-C3-3-P (funded by MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”); the ESA-MOST China DRAGON-5 Project (ref. 59339) and the SARAI Project PID2020-116540RB-C22 (funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Copernicus Sentinel-1 IW SAR data were provided and processed in ESA’s Geohazards Exploitation Platform (GEP), in the framework of the GEP Early Adopters Programme
Time Multiplexed Active Neural Probe with 678 Parallel Recording Sites
We present a high density CMOS neural probe with
active electrodes (pixels), consisting of dedicated in-situ circuits
for signal source amplification. The complete probe contains 1356
neuron size (20x20 ÎĽm2) pixels densely packed on a 50 ÎĽm thick,
100 ÎĽm wide and 8 mm long shank. It allows simultaneous highperformance
recording from 678 electrodes and a possibility to
simultaneously observe all of the 1356 electrodes with increased
noise. This considerably surpasses the state of the art active neural
probes in electrode count and flexibility. The measured action
potential band noise is 12.4 ÎĽVrms, with just 3 ÎĽW power
dissipation per electrode amplifier and 45 ÎĽW per channel
(including data transmission)
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