BİTKİ SOSYOLOJİSİ ÇALIŞMALARINDA KULLANILAN SAYISAL METOTLAR VE BAZI BİLGİSAYAR PROGRAMLARI

Türkiye’deki bitki sosyolojisi çalışmaları, bitki toplumlarını belirleme üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Bitki toplumlarının ekolojik, biyolojik ve yapısal özellikleri konularında ise pek çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, geliştirilmiş olan sayısal metotlar (ordinasyon-sınıflandırma) ve bu metotların kullanımını olanaklı kılan bilgisayar programları önemli yardımcı araçlardır. Bu metotlar ve programlar sayesinde, bitki toplumlarının sınıflandırılması ve onların ekolojik, biyolojik ve yapısal özelliklerinin ortaya konması çok kolaylaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada, tüm dünyada ve özellikle Avrupa’daki bitki sosyolojisi ve vejetasyon ekolojisi araştırmalarında yoğun olarak kullanılan ordinasyon ve sınıflandırma teknikleriyle, kapsamlı bir veri yönetim sistemi olan TURBOVEG ve bitki sosyolojisi verilerini analiz etmek ve düzenlemek amacıyla kullanılan JUICE programları tanıtılarak, uygulamaları konusunda bilgi verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bitki sosyolojisi, Juice, Ordinasyon, Sınıflandırma, Turboveg

Alien plant species and factors of invasiveness of anthropogenic vegetation in the Northwestern Balkans - a phytosociological approach

We studied the anthropogenic vegetation of the Northwest Balkans in order to determine its susceptibility to invasion by alien plant species. We compiled a dataset of 3089 vegetation plots sampled between 1939 and 2009, recording a set of variables for each sample plot in order to determine which factors have the most effect on a habitat's vulnerability to invaders. We calculated the proportion of native species, archaeophytes and neophytes for each plot. We used regression tree models to determine the site conditions of the most invaded anthropogenic habitats. The sample plots contained an average of 12.7% alien plant species, with a low proportion of archaeophytes (4.3%) and 8.4% neophytes. Local habitat conditions proved to have the largest effect, rather than climatic variables or propagule pressure. The proportion of archaeophytes follows a different pattern than that seen in central and northern Europe, indicating that macroecological factors are more important. Neophytes show a similar distribution to other European locations

Bringing the margin to the focus: 10 challenges for riparian vegetation science and management

[EN] Riparian zones are the paragon of transitional ecosystems, providing critical habitat and ecosystem services that are especially threatened by global change. Following consultation with experts, 10 key challenges were identified to be addressed for riparian vegetation science and management improvement: (1) Create a distinct scientific community by establishing stronger bridges between disciplines; (2) Make riparian vegetation more visible and appreciated in society and policies; (3) Improve knowledge regarding biodiversity¿ ecosystem functioning links; (4) Manage spatial scale and context-based issues; (5) Improve knowledge on social dimensions of riparian vegetation; (6) Anticipate responses to emergent issues and future trajectories; (7) Enhance tools to quantify and prioritize ecosystem services; (8) Improve numerical modeling and simulation tools; (9) Calibrate methods and increase data availability for better indicators and monitoring practices and transferability; and (10) Undertake scientific validation of best management practices. These challenges are discussed and critiqued here, to guide future research into riparian vegetation.COST Action CONVERGES, Grant/Award Number: CA16208; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, Grant/Award Number: 2020/03356/CEECIND;PTDC/ASP-SIL/28593/2017;UIDB/00239/2020; CSIC: PTIECOBIODIVRodríguez-González, PM.; Abraham, E.; Aguiar, F.; Andreoli, A.; Bale Entiene, L.; Berisha, N.; Bernez, I.... (2022). Bringing the margin to the focus: 10 challenges for riparian vegetation science and management. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water. 9(5):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.16041149

Saum vegetation in northwestern England

Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung der Saumvegetation im nordwestlichen England. Die Auf­nahmen der artenreichen Gesellschaften der Trifolio-Geranietea wurden an sonnexponierten Standorten mit flachgründigen Böden über Kalkstein erstellt. Die Analysen zeigen eine neue Assoziation Helianthemo nummularii-Teucrietum scorodoniae ass. nova und eine Gesellschaft, die von Trifolium medi­um dominiert wird. In schattigen, nitrophytischen und mehr mesophytischen Wäldern wurden die Säume der Galio-Urticetea untersucht und folgende Gesellschaften festgestellt: Anthriscetum sylvestris Hadac 1968, Urtico-Cruciatetum laevipedis Dierschke 1973, Urtico-Aegopodietum podagranae (R.Tx.1963) Oberd. 1964 in Görs 1969, Phalarido-Petasitetum officinalis Schwickerath 1933 und Alliario-Chaerophylletum temuli Lohmeyer 1949.The work deals with the saum (herbaceous fringe) vegetation in NW England. Species-rich commu­nities of the Trifolio-Geranietea were sampled on sun-exposed sites on shallow soil over limestone bedrock. The analyses reveal a new association Helianthemo nummularii-Teucietum scorodoniae ass. nova and a community dominated by Trifolium medium. In shaded, nitrophilous and more mesophytic forests, saum communities of the Galio-Urticetea were studied and the following communities were recognized: Anthriscetum sylvestris Hadac 1968, Urtico-Cruciatetum laevipedis Dierschke 1973, Urtico-Aegopodietum podagrariae (R. Tx. 1963) Oberd. 1964 in Gors 1969, Phalarido-Petasitetum officinalis Schwickerath 1933 and Alliario-Chaerophylletum temuli Lohmeyer 1949

Report 2 of the Committee for Change and Conservation of Names (CCCN)

In this Report, three previously published nomenclatural proposals are discussed, and recommendations on acceptance or rejection of these proposals are provided. The proposals concern the following syntaxa: Berberidion Braun-Blanquet 1950, Aceretalia pseudoplatani Moor 1976 and Festucetalia valesiacae Braun-Blanquet et Tüxen ex Braun-Blanquet 1950. Abbreviations: CCCN = Committee for the Change and Conservation of Names; GPN = Working Group for Phytosociological Nomenclature; ICPN = International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature

Phytosociological alliances in the vegetation of arable fields in the northwestern Balkan Peninsula

A stratified dataset of 2426 releves of weed vegetation of arable fields of the Balkan Peninsula was analysed by cluster analysis. The major division in species composition was associated with the type of crop. This accords with the syntaxonomical and ecological pattern already detected for southeast Europe and is in conflict with the Central European classification that has appeared in recent years. Clusters resulting from numerical classification reproduced the majority of traditionally recognized phytosociological alliances (Oxalidion, Panico-Setarion and Eragrostion are associated with root crops, while Scleranthion, Caucalidion and Galeopsion with cereals). Galeopsion was grouped with some Caucalidion releves, which is not surprising since both consist of weed communities from cereals. Vernal communities form a separate cluster and indicate a special community type, which has been treated in some classification systems as a phenological aspect

Urban vegetation of the Anatolian side of Istanbul

WOS: 000561017900001Aims: We present the first survey of plant communities of Istanbul, their classification and syntaxonomy with main environmental drivers that shape them. Study area: Anatolian (Asian) part of Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: We collected 442 vegetation releves according to Braun-Blanquet method. Cluster analysis and ordination of the dataset were performed to assess particular vegetation patterns. Diagnostic species of each cluster were determined using the fidelity measure (phi-coefficient). Site conditions were presented by ecological indicator values. Results: the analysed dataset shows clear division into six classes. They represent typical weed plant community (Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris), annual (Sisymbrietea, Chenopodietea) and perennial ruderal vegetation (Artemisietea vulgaris, Epilobietea angustifolii), and higher successional stadia (Charabdido-Asphodeletea). Conclusions: Our survey of urban vegetation of Istanbul is the first attempt of urban vegetation classification in Turkey. We showed high diversity of vegetation due to various human impacts and Istanbul's location on the crossroads of different phytogeographical regions.Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS)Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia [P1-0236]The research was partly financed by Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) through a research program (P1-0236)

Weed vegetation in the north-western Balkans: diversity and species composition

P>Surveys of weed vegetation of the western Balkan peninsula (1939-2006) were used to study changes in species composition. A large data set of arable weed vegetation was compiled and analysed with direct and indirect ordination, regression and beta (beta) diversity analysis. Five environmental variables (altitude, season, year, crop, phytogeographical region) were used to determine broad-scale changes in weed species composition. The most important parameter was phytogeography and the second was crop. Altitude and season were found to be less important, although significant, which contrasts with results from Central and Northern Europe. beta-diversity was higher in cereals and in summer, while decline along the altitudinal gradient previously demonstrated in Central Europe, was not observed. In southern parts of the studied area, thermophilous species have shifted to higher altitudes. The results and ranking of importance of environmental and spatial variables are discussed in relation to similar studies in Northern and Central Europe

Vegetation of Europe: hierarchical floristic classification system of vascular plant, bryophyte, lichen, and algal communities

Aims: Vegetation classification consistent with the Braun-Blanquet approach iswidely used in Europe for applied vegetation science, conservation planningand landmanagement. During the long history of syntaxonomy,many conceptsand names of vegetation units have been proposed, but there has been no singleclassification system integrating these units. Here we (1) present a comprehensive, hierarchical, syntaxonomic system of alliances, orders and classes of Braun-Blanquet syntaxonomy for vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen, and algal communities of Europe; (2) briefly characterize in ecological and geographic terms accepted syntaxonomic concepts; (3) link available synonyms to these accepted concepts; and (4) provide a list of diagnostic species for all classes.Location: European mainland, Greenland, Arctic archipelagos (including Iceland,Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya), Canary Islands,Madeira, Azores, Caucasus, Cyprus.Methods: We evaluated approximately 10 000 bibliographic sources to create acomprehensive list of previously proposed syntaxonomic units. These units wereevaluated by experts for their floristic and ecological distinctness, clarity of geographic distribution and compliance with the nomenclature code. Acceptedunits were compiled into three systems of classes, orders and alliances(EuroVegChecklist, EVC) for communities dominated by vascular plants(EVC1), bryophytes and lichens (EVC2) and algae (EVC3).Results: EVC1 includes 109 classes, 300 orders and 1108 alliances; EVC2includes 27 classes, 53 orders and 137 alliances, and EVC3 includes 13 classes,24 orders and 53 alliances. In total 13 448 taxawere assigned as indicator species to classes of EVC1, 2087 to classes of EVC2 and 368 to classes of EVC3. Accepted syntaxonomic concepts are summarized in a series of appendices, and detailed information on each is accessible through the software tool EuroVegBrowser.Conclusions: This paper features the first comprehensive and critical account ofEuropean syntaxa and synthesizes more than 100 yr of classification effort byEuropean phytosociologists. It aims to document and stabilize the concepts andnomenclature of syntaxa for practical uses, such as calibration of habitat classification used by the European Union, standardization of terminology for environmental assessment, management and conservation of nature areas, landscape planning and education. The presented classification systems provide a baseline for future development and revision of European syntaxonomy