Precontrol Investigation of Schistosomiasis in Central Sulawesi

Pertama kali Oriental Schistosomiasis dilaporkan terdapat di Lembah Lindu, Sulawesi Tengah adalah pada tahun 1937. Studi tentang epidemiologi penyakit tsb. sampai perang dunia ke II menemukai bahwa selain orang, juga rusa dan anjing bertindak sebagai tuan rumah. Tetapi pada saat itu tuan rumah perantara belum diketemukan. Pada tahun 1971, lebih dari tiga puluh tahun sesudah penemuan Schistosoma japonicum di Lembah Lindu, penyelidikan tentang schistosomiasis di Sulawesi Tengah, dimulai kembali. Tuan rumah perantara dari penyakit tsb. pada saat ini diketemukan dan setelah diselidiki ternyata merupakan sub-species baru dari Oncomelania, yang disebut Oncomelania hupensi lindoensis. Sesudah penelitian tentang penyakit tsb. dan dengan diketemukannya tuan rumah perantarc nya, penelitian yang lebih mendalam tentang penyebaran schistosomiasis di Lembah Lindu dimulai untuk memungkinkan membuat rencana pemberantasan dikemudian hari. Karena schistosomiasi merupakan penyakit yang sangat komplex, dalam arti menyangkut penyebabnya, tuan rumah perantar dan banyaknya hewan2 mammalia yang dapat bertindak sebagai tuan rumah tetap, maka penyelidikan tentang ekologi penyakit tsb. perlu dilakukan. Didalam paper ini akan terlihat garisi besar dan penelitian yang sedang dilakukan di Sulawesi Tengah sebelum dilakukannya pemberantasan, antari lain Geographic distribution di Sulawesi, Mammalian host range, Prevalence rates and Intensif of infection in various mammalian host. Relative importance of mammalian reservoirs, Incidenc in humans and rats, Distribution of molluscan host, Prevalence rates in the molluscan host. Populatio densities of molluscan host, Foci of transmission, Daily and Seasonal periodicity of cercarial release and Socio-economic factors affecting transmission

Cepheid Color-Temperature Relations

Using our 1997 work in spectroscopic temperatures, as well as published Cepheid photometry, we derive color-temperature relations for a set of 13 Cepheids in Galactic clusters. The colors and temperatures used are individual values taken at different phases, rather than mean values averaged over the pulsational cycle. The observed colors are corrected for both reddening and metallicity. The effect of gravity on the colors is small. We find that B-V and V-R are the best colors to use to determine a Cepheid photometric temperature scale. These color-temperature relations will be useful for future Cepheid Baade-Wesselink studies and for abundance analyses of more Galactic and extragalactic Cepheids

20 Years Of Progress In Schistosomiasis Research

Preliminary studies of schistosomiasis in Indonesia were made in the late 1930's and the early 1940's. The first human case of S. japonicum was discovered by Muller and Tesch from the Lindu valley of Central Sulawesi (Celebes). Early epidemiological studies prior to World War II demonstrated that, in addition to man, wild deer and domestic dogs served as reservoir hosts, "and subsequent microscopic examination of adult worms from these mammals confirmed them to be S. japonicum. Although extensive snail surveys were conducted at that time, the molluscan host was not found. The schistosomiasis problem in Lindu Valley virtually remained dormant until the 1970's. In the 1970's there was a resurgence of interest in the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Indonesia. A new schistosomiasis area in the Napu valley was discovered. During this period, the intermediate host, Oncomelania hupensis was found in the Lake Lindu valley. This confirmed that the uisease situation in Indonesia was, in fact, a form of classical oriental schistosomiasis similar in its biology and transmission to that found in the Philippines, Japan, and China. The molluscan host of S. japonicum in the Lake Lindu Valley was subsequently described as a new species, O. h. iindoensis, and is most similar to O. h. quadrasi, the vector host in the Philippines. The disease occurs now only in two very isolated areas, the Lake Lindu valley and Napu valley in Central Sulawesi

Lithium and r-Process Abundances in the Population II Cepheid M5 V42

We report the results of an abundance analysis of the 25.7 day Population II Cepheid V42 in the globular cluster M5. V42 is probably a post–asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star, in its final crossing of the H-R diagram. We find [Fe/H] = -1.22, in excellent agreement with a similar analysis of this star by Gonzalez & Lambert, and of red giants in M5 by Sneden et al. The analysis is based on six spectra obtained during three different phases of the star's pulsational cycle. Oxygen is depleted, and sodium is enhanced, while the "α" elements Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti are enhanced by about 0.3 dex. Most interesting, lithium is detected, with log (Li) ≈ +1.8, suggesting the production of lithium and its rapid transport to the surface. Zinc and silicon abundances are normal with respect to iron and calcium, suggesting that depletion onto dust grains during the AGB stage has not affected the star's abundances. The neutron-capture elements show ratios consistent with a nearly pure r-process origin. This r-process dominance is probably unrelated to the production of lithium, since the cluster's red giant branch stars show a similar pattern. Nonetheless, it appears that some low-mass, metal-poor stars do not solely destroy lithium in the course of their normal evolution

Book Reviews

PUBLIC PLANNING AND CONTROL OF URBAN AND LAND DEVELOPMENT. CASES AND MATERIALS. By Donald G. Hagman. St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1973. Pp. 1208. $18.50. UNION POWER AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST. By Dr. Emerson P. Schmidt. Los Angeles: Nash Publishing, 1973. Pp. 204.$10.00. THE BENCHWARMERS: THE PRIVATE WORLD OF THE POWERFUL FEDERAL JUDGES. By Joseph C. Goulden. New York: Weybright and Talley, 1974. Pp. 375. $12.50

Speckle Interferometry of Metal-Poor Stars in the Solar Neighborhood. I

We report the results of speckle-interferometric observations of 109 high proper-motion metal-poor stars made with the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We resolve eight objects -- G102-20, G191-55, BD+19$^\circ$~1185A, G89-14, G87-45, G87-47, G111-38, and G114-25 -- into individual components and we are the first to astrometrically resolve seven of these stars. New resolved systems included two triple (G111-38, G87-47) and one quadruple (G89-14) star. The ratio of single-to-binary-to-triple-to-quadruple systems among the stars of our sample is equal to 71:28:6:1.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Astrophysical Bulleti

Infrared Photometry of the Globular Cluster Palomar 6

We present JHK photometry of Palomar 6. Our photometric measurements range from the RGB-tip to 2 mag below the RHB and our CMDs show that Palomar~6 appears to have a well-defined RHB population. The distance modulus and interstellar reddening of the cluster are estimated by comparing the magnitude and color of Palomar 6 RHB stars with respect to those of 47 Tuc. We obtain (m-M)_0 = 14.28 mag and E(B-V) = 1.30 mag for the cluster and our study suggests that Palomar~6 is clearly located in the Galaxy's central regions. We also discuss the metallicity of the cluster using the slope of the RGB. We obtain [Fe/H] = -1.2 for Palomar~6 and our metallicity estimate is 0.5 - 1.0 dex lower than previous estimates by others.Comment: 14 pages, 4 tables, 12 figures; accepted for publication in AJ (2002 June

BVRIJK light curves and radial velocity curves for selected Magellanic Cloud Cepheids

We present high precision and well sampled BVRIJK light curves and radial velocity curves for a sample of five Cepheids in the SMC. In addition we present radial velocity curves for three Cepheids in the LMC. The low metallicity (Fe/H ~ -0.7) SMC stars have been selected for use in a Baade-Wesselink type analysis to constrain the metallicity effect on the Cepheid Period-Luminosity relation. The stars have periods of around 15 days so they are similar to the Cepheids observed by the Extragalactic Distance Scale Key Project on the Hubble Space Telescope. We show that the stars are representative of the SMC Cepheid population at that period and thus will provide a good sample for the proposed analysis. The actual Baade-Wesselink analysis are presented in a companion paper.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 23 pages, 10 figures, data tables will be made available electronically from the CD