9 research outputs found
Effects of dietary fibre source and enzyme supplementation on faecal apparent digestibility, short chain fatty acid production and activity of bacterial enzymes in the gut of piglets
The effects of fibre source, either wheat bran (WB) or maize cobs (MC), and dietary exogenous
enzymes (ES) on performance and digestive parameters of weaned piglets were studied in 24
Duroc×Landrace male piglets, weaned at 21 days of age. There were four treatments arranged factorially,
with two sources of fibre (WB or MC) and two concentrations of ES (0 or 0.15 g/kg) that
contained 800 U/kg of endo-1,4- -cellulase, 1800 U/kg of endo-1,3(4)- -d-glucanase and 2600 U/kg
of endo-1,4- -xylanase. The digestibility of the neutral detergent fibre was higher (P<0.001) in diets
containing WB and the digestibility of the acid detergent fibre increased with ES. Small intestine
digesta contents (g/kg live weight) at slaughter were higher (P<0.01) in pigs fed MC than in pigs
fed WB. Fibre source did not affect the amounts (mmol/l) of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the
small intestine. However, replacement of WB by MC increased acetic acid and decreased butyric acid
concentrations (P<0.05) in the caecum. In addition, pigs fed diets with MC as the major fibre source
had lower (P<0.05) concentration of butyric acid in the colon than pigs fed diets with WB. Enzyme
supplementation affected molar proportions of SCFA formed in the small intestine and tended to increase acetic acid, propionic acid and total SCFA concentrations in the colon of piglets fed WB
(P<0.10). The xylanolytic and cellulolytic activities in the caecum and colon were higher (P<0.05) for
piglets fed WB than for piglets fed MC. In conclusion, ES increased the digestibility of acid detergent
fibre and neutral detergent fibre and the replacement of WB by MC reduced neutral detergent fibre
and acid detergent fibre digestibility, caecal butyric acid production and hindgut activity of bacterial
enzymes
Purified cellulose, soybean hulls and citrus pulp as a source of fiber for weaned piglets
Dietary fiber is an important component, which has a direct effect on intake, digestion, and absorption of nutrients; and also alters intestinal microbiota and morphology according to solubility. One digestibility trial and one performance experiment were performed to evaluate the effects of sources of fiber in diets for 21 day weaned piglets. The experimental diets used in both trials consisted of a control diet and diets with purified cellulose, soybean hulls or citrus pulp as a main source of dietary fiber. To evaluate the digestibility of nutrients (Assay 1), the total feces and urine collection method was used. The fiber sources did not affect nutrient digestibility, except for soluble fiber, which increased with the inclusion of citrus (Citrus sinensisL.) pulp. To evaluate performance, morphophysiology and microbiology of the digestive tract of weaned piglets, a total of 32 castrated male piglets was used. Slaughter of animals was implemented at 35 and 50 days of age. The use of soybean (Glycine max L.) hulls and citrus pulp in diets increased the number of goblet cells and the density of villi in the jejunum. The viscosities of stomach and cecum contents increased due to the addition of citrus pulp. Soybean hulls and the citrus pulp included in diets reduced the occurrence of E. coli in the small intestines of piglets slaughtered at 35 days of age. Among the fiber sources, purified cellulose in piglet diets promotes better performance of animals, due to the modulation of the small intestine microbiota, with lower E. coli occurrence resulting in higher villus density
Eficiência do nitrogênio, produtividade e composição do capim-andropogon sob irrigação e adubação
The effects of different irrigation levels and
nitrogen rates on the dry matter (DM) yield, nitrogen
use efficiency and bromatological composition of
andropogon grass (Andropogon gayanus
'Planaltina') were evaluated. The experiment
consisted in a completely randomized block design,
with three repetitions, with 2x4 factorial arran-
gement, being two irrigation levels (50% and 80%
of evaporation of the Class A evaporation: ECA)
and four N levels (200, 400, 600 and 800 kg/ha/
year) applied as urea, divided in function of the
cuts number (16.7, 33.3, 50.0 e 66.7 kg/ha/month).
The water supply applied presented similar
behaviors in relationship to the total dry matter
productivity, leaves and stems. The water supply
of 80% ECA provided the smaller leaf/stem ratio.
The nitrogen fertilization influenced positively the
total dry matter productivity, leaves and stems
productivities however, the leaf/stem ratio and
nitrogen use efficiency decreased. The crude
protein contents of leaves and culms were not
affected by water supply, but were increased by
N fertilization. The NDF and ADF contents were
negatively influenced by the largest water supply.
The 50% of ECA irrigation presented the best
results, associated to the application of 800 kg of
N/ha/year, considering the productivity, broma-
tological composition and the possibility of economy
of water, with consequent reduction in the costs
of herbage production.Foram avaliados os efeitos de diferentes
lâminas de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio sobre
a produção, eficiência do uso do nitrogênio e
composição bromatológica do capim-andropogon
(Andropogon gayanus 'Planaltina'). O delineamento
experimental foi em blocos casualizados, num
esquema fatorial 2x4, com três repetições; sendo
dois níveis de irrigação (50% e 80% da evaporação
do Tanque Classe A, ECA) e quatro níveis de N
(200, 400, 600 e 800 kg/ha/ano) aplicados na
forma de uréia e fracionados em função do núme-
ro de cortes (16,7; 33,3; 50,0 e 66,7 kg de N/ha/
mês). As lâminas de irrigação aplicadas
apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes em
relação à produtividade de matéria seca total, de
folhas e colmos. A lâmina de 80% de ECA
proporcionou menor relação folha/colmo. A
adubação nitrogenada influenciou positivamente
a produtividade de matéria seca total, de folhas e
colmos, no entanto, diminuiu a relação folha/colmo
e a eficiência de utilização do nitrogênio. Os teores
de proteína bruta das folhas e colmos não foram
influenciados pelas lâminas de irrigação aplica-
das, mas aumentou linearmente com a adubação
nitrogenada. Os teores de FDN e FDA apre-
sentaram influência negativa da maior lâmina de
irrigação. A irrigação de 50% de ECA, associada
à aplicação de 800 kg de N/ha/ano, apresentou os
melhores resultados, considerando-se a pro-
dutividade, relação folha/colmo, composição
bromatológica e a possibilidade de economia de
água, com conseqüente redução nos custos de
produção da forragem