Implementación y precisión de un nuevo método de cálculo biométrico basado en técnicas de inteligencia artificial

Se diseña un estudio para estimar la potencia emetropizante de la lente intraocular, modificando por distometría y de forma retrospectiva la potencia real de la lente intraocular implantada. Se implementarán unos modelos regresivos no lineales, que utilicen como variable respuesta la potencia recalculada retrospectivamente y como predictores una serie de inputs biométricos.Se recopiló una muestra de 481 ojos intervenidos de cataratas por 4 cirujanos con distintos tipos de implantes intraoculares. Todos los ojos fueron medidos preoperatoriamente con IOL Master® 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Alemania) y Pentacam® HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Alemania) para la curvatura posterior corneal. Se preparó y se analizó el dataset para la selección de las variables eliminando correlaciones que produjeran colinealidad. La muestra se aleatorizó y posteriormente se dividió en dos partes con una ratio 80/20: entrenamiento (training) y validación (test) respectivamente.Se implementaron en crudo modelos regresivos mediante técnicas de Machine Learning y se entrenaron con la partición training. Posteriormente se optimizaron e hiperparametrizaron para mejorar y potenciar la predictibilidad. Se utilizaron técnicas de mejora (stacking) para ensamblar los mejores modelos finales, obteniendo un modelo definitivo al que se llamó Karmona®..

Desarrollo de una metodología mediante el análisis de datos (Big Data) para la toma de decisiones en la compra de insumos para restaurantes industriales

El análisis y uso correcto de los datos que continuamente son generados en cada una de las interacciones entre los participantes del mercado, puede llegar a ser clave para una correcta gestión empresarial -- Uno de los aspectos críticos en los resultados financieros para las empresas de alimentos industriales son los costos asociados a la compra de insumos -- Para este tipo de empresas la rentabilidad sufre fuertes impactos debido a las variaciones constantes en los precios de los alimentos, para los cuales los compromisos adquiridos con anterioridad disminuyen los márgenes de utilidad de cada uno de estos contratos -- En este trabajo se propone una metodología mediante el análisis y la captura de datos, utilizando los desarrollos del Big Data con distintas fuentes de información para la toma de decisiones en la compra de insumos en restaurantes industriales, mejorando la rentabilidad y sostenibilidad del negoci

Socio-pedagogical accompaniment, holism and longitudinality: Keys from a good practice with a young offender

Este artículo se destila de una investigación llevada a cabo en torno al excepcional caso de Omar, un menor infractor que se convirtió en educador de menores debido, fundamentalmente, al proceso de reforma juvenil que le impuso el sistema de justicia español. El foco de este escrito se centra en escudriñar algunas de las claves esenciales de aquella buena práctica. Para llevar a cabo la investigación se utilizó la metodología biográfica, utilizando el modelo de relatos cruzados. Las principales fuentes de información fueron: a) Omar y otros diecisiete personajes clave (la jueza del caso, el subdirector del centro de internamiento, su tutora de libertad vigilada, su madre de acogida en España, etc.). b) Sus expedientes en el Juzgado de Menores y en la Dirección General de Reforma Juvenil. Y c) un amplio registro fotográfico, fundamentalmente, de su experiencia en el centro de internamiento. El análisis se enfoca sobre: 1) el acompañamiento sociopedagógico llevado a cabo, 2) el carácter holístico de la intervención y 3) su longitudinalidad. Y se centra en la intervención desarrollada por la trabajadora social del centro de internamiento, que fue la piedra angular de todo el proceso de reforma juvenil (no solo de la medida judicial de la que oficialmente formaba parte). En las conclusiones se especifica: 1) Por qué el acompañamiento sociopedagógico es muy adecuado para este tipo de casos. 2) Que se puede transformar más fácilmente al individuo si se adecuan sus circunstancias. Y 3) que la interseccionalidad debe ser coordinada durante todo el procesoThis article is distilled from a research carried out around the exceptional case of Omar, a young offender who became an educator of minors mainly due to the youth rehabilitation process imposed on him by the Spanish justice system. The focus of this paper is on exploring some of the essential keys to that good practice. The biographical methodology was used to carry out the research, using the cross-account model. The main sources of information were: a) Omar and seventeen other key figures (the judge in the case, the deputy director of the detention centre, his tutor on probation, his foster mother in Spain, etc.). b) His files in the Juvenile Court and in the Juvenile Justice System. And c) a broad photographic record, fundamentally, of his experience in the detention centre. The analysis focuses on: 1) the socio-pedagogical accompaniment carried out, 2) the holistic character of the intervention, and 3) its longitudinality. And it focuses on the intervention developed by the social worker at the detention centre, which was the cornerstone of the whole youth rehabilitation process (not just the order of which she was officially a part). The conclusions specify: 1) Why socio-pedagogical accompaniment is very appropriate for this type of cases. 2) That the individual can be more easily transformed if his or her circumstances are appropriate. And 3) that intersectionality must be coordinated throughout the process

Feasibility of precise navigation in high and low latitude regions under scintillation conditions

Scintillation is one of the most challenging problems in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) navigation. This phenomenon appears when the radio signal passes through ionospheric irregularities. These irregularities represent rapid changes on the refraction index and, depending on their size, they can produce also diffractive effects affecting the signal amplitude and, eventually producing cycle slips. In this work, we show that the scintillation effects on the GNSS signal are quite different in low and high latitudes. For low latitude receivers, the main effects, from the point of view of precise navigation, are the increase of the carrier phase noise (measured by s¿) and the fade on the signal intensity (measured by S4) that can produce cycle slips in the GNSS signal. With several examples, we show that the detection of these cycle slips is the most challenging problem for precise navigation, in such a way that, if these cycle slips are detected, precise navigation can be achieved in these regions under scintillation conditions. For high-latitude receivers the situation differs. In this region the size of the irregularities is typically larger than the Fresnel length, so the main effects are related with the fast change on the refractive index associated to the fast movement of the irregularities (which can reach velocities up to several km/s). Consequently, the main effect on the GNSS signals is a fast fluctuation of the carrier phase (large s¿), but with a moderate fade in the amplitude (moderate S4). Therefore, as shown through several examples, fluctuations at high-latitude usually do not produce cycle slips, being the effect quite limited on the ionosphere-free combination and, in general, precise navigation can be achieved also during strong scintillation conditions.Postprint (published version

Proposal and analysis of integrated PTN architecture in the mobile backhaul to improve the QoS of HetNets

Los rápidos avances de las tecnologías de dispositivos móviles han implicado que la red de acceso debe evolucionar y desarrollar nuevas estrategias para satisfacer las necesidades de los usuarios. La red heterogénea (HetNet) permite una estrategia de implementación flexible y ofrece soluciones económicamente viables para mejorar la escalabilidad de red y cobertura en interiores. Este tema emergente ha captado la atención de la comunidad científica y la industria debido a la importancia de estas redes para satisfacer la demanda de servicios de datos. Para proporcionar esta demanda, deben satisfacerse diferentes parámetros de calidad de servicio (QoS). En este trabajo, presentamos un estudio sobre los últimos avances y los temas de investigación sobre movilidad en conjunción con protocolos de conmutación de etiquetas multiprotocolo (MPLS) de paquetes basado en redes de transporte (PTN) para proporcionar QoS en redes heterogéneas inalámbricas. Se presentan diversos protocolos de gestión móvil y su interacción con la red de retorno móvil yred básica por paquetes. Una nueva arquitectura denominada Proxy integrado Mobile MPLS-TP (MIP-TP) se expone también a reducir los costos y mejorar la señalización de la QoS en HetNets con altas tasas de movilidad.The rapid progress made in mobile device technologies has implied that the access network must evolute and develop new strategies to satisfy the requirements of the users. Heterogeneous network (HetNet) allows for a flexible deployment strategy and offers economically viable solutions to improve network scalability and indoor coverage. This emerging topic has caught the attention of the research community and the industry because of the importance of these networks to satisfy the demand of data services. To provide this demand, different parameters of quality of service (QoS) must be satisfied. In this paper, we present a study on recent advances and open research issues on Mobility Protocols in conjunction with Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)-based packet transport networks (PTN) to provide QoS in wireless heterogeneous networks. Various mobile management protocols and their interaction with the mobile backhaul and packet core network are briefly introduced. A new architecture called Integrated Proxy Mobile MPLS-TP (IPM-TP) is also outlined to reduce the signalling cost and improve the QoS in HetNets with high rates of mobility.Unión Europea. Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). Proyecto SOE4/P3/E804peerReviewe

Historic Public Paths in rural areas: Engine of development and origin of new conflicts

Purpose: In this article, the authors analyse a complex social process affecting historic public paths in rural areas in southern Spain. Despite the fact that urban populations are demanding the enhancement of this type of natural heritage for tourism, sports and recreational use, some parts of the network have been abandoned or usurped. Design/methodology/approach: The study is multidisciplinary, comprising three interlinked studies. The cartographic study comprises an inventory of public paths in rural areas based on administrative sources. The legal study analyses local, regional and national regulations governing agricultural, environmental, heritage, sports and tourism uses of the infrastructure. The sociological study analyses social discourses on the uses of public paths, and identifies conflicts between farmers, landowners, environmentalists, sportspeople and tourists. Findings: The preliminary results identified an important public paths network in Andalusia, approximately 160,000 km. The legal study found that there are laws regulating use, although local authorities do not monitor compliance or provide solutions to enhance management. The sociological study determined the attribution of environmental, cultural and economic value to public paths, but also the existence of conflicts between rural and urban populations. Research limitations/implications: Given that this is ongoing research, only state of the art and some preliminary albeit sufficiently consistent results are presented. Practical implications: The results could help to guide public policy and governance of public paths. Social implications: Public paths promote rural development and a green/sustainable economy. Originality/value: The research results and conclusions are original

Qualidade do sono e satisfação profissional em enfermeiros espanhóis: as consequências da COVID-19

Highlights This study reveals that Spanish nurses have significantly poor sleep quality post-COVID-19, with a mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of 9.75. Factors such as not having dependents and having a master's degree were linked to poor sleep quality among the nurses surveyed. Job satisfaction was the highest among female nurses and those not working with COVID-19 patients, indicating that sex and work conditions influenced satisfaction levels. Improving nurse-to-patient ratios and shift distributions are crucial for enhancing sleep quality and reducing stress and burnout among nurses. Introduction: Sleep is fundamental to the quality of life and can affect individuals' well-being and mental health. Objective: This study analyzed sleep quality and job satisfaction among Spanish nurses following the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Font Roja Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and sociodemographic and work-related variables. A “snowball” sampling method was employed through social media dissemination. Results: The mean PSQI score was 9.75 ± 4,36 points. The poorest sleep quality was identified in participants without dependents (p=0.031; β=3.329; 95% CI=0.035-6.354) and those with dependents other than children (p=0.022; β=4.121; 95% CI=0.575-7.667). However, having a Ph.D degree (p=0.001; β=-3.406; 95% CI=-5.503-1.309) or specialist degree (p=0.021; β=-1.639; 95% CI=-3.031- -0.247) was associated with better sleep quality. Higher job satisfaction was found among women (p=0.034; β=0.104; 95% CI=0.007-0.201) who did not work with COVID-19 patients (p=0.049; β=-0.085; 95% CI=-0.174- -0.003).   Discussion: Improving working conditions, such as the nurse-to-patient ratio and distribution of work shifts, is crucial to enhancing nurses' sleep quality. Conclusions:  Spanish nurses reported poor sleep quality. Not having dependents or having dependents other than children were risk factors for poor sleep quality. Job satisfaction was higher among women who did not work with COVID-19 patients. No relationship was found between job satisfaction and sleep quality. How to cite this article: Maestro-González Alba, Zuazua-Rico David, Juan-García Carmen, Villalgordo-García Salvador, Mosteiro-Díaz María Pilar, Plaza-Carmona María. Sleep quality and job satisfaction in Spanish nurses: the consequences of COVID-19. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(2):e3452.  https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3452Introducción: El sueño es fundamental para la calidad de vida y puede afectar el bienestar y la salud mental de los individuos. Objetivo: Analizar la calidad del sueño y satisfacción laboral en enfermeras españolas tras la pandemia por COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal utilizando el Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), el Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral Font Roja y variables sociodemográficas y laborales. Se empleó un muestreo en "bola de nieve" mediante divulgación en redes sociales. Resultados: La puntuación media del PSQI fue de 9,75 ± 4,36 puntos. La peor calidad del sueño se identificó en participantes sin personas a cargo (p=0,031;β=3,329;IC95%=0,035-6,354) y en aquellos con dependientes distintos de los hijos (p=0,022;β=4,121; IC95%= 0,575-7,667). Sin embargo, ser doctor (p=0,001; β=-3,406; IC95%=-5,503-1,309) o especialista (p=0,021; β=-1,639; IC95%=-3,031- -0,247) se asoció con una mayor calidad del sueño. La mejor satisfacción laboral se identificó en mujeres (p=0,034;β=0,104;IC95%=0,007-0,201), que no trabajaban con pacientes COVID (p=0,049;β=-0,085; IC95%=-0,174- -0,003). Discusión: Es crucial mejorar las condiciones laborales, como la ratio enfermera-paciente y la distribución de los turnos de trabajo, para mejorar la calidad del sueño de las enfermeras.    Conclusiones: Las enfermeras españolas presentan una mala calidad del sueño. No tener personas a cargo y tener dependientes distintos de los hijos fueron factores de riesgo de mala calidad del sueño. La satisfacción laboral fue mayor en mujeres que no trabajaban con pacientes COVID-19. No se encontró relación entre la satisfacción laboral y la calidad del sueño de los trabajadores. Como citar este artículo: Maestro-González Alba, Zuazua-Rico David, Juan-García Carmen, Villalgordo-García Salvador, Mosteiro-Díaz María Pilar, Plaza-Carmona María. Sleep quality and job satisfaction in Spanish nurses: the consequences of COVID-19. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(2):e3452.  https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3452Introdução: O sono é fundamental para a qualidade de vida e pode afetar o bem-estar e a saúde mental dos indivíduos. Objetivo: Este estudo analisou a qualidade do sono e a satisfação no trabalho entre enfermeiros espanhóis após a pandemia de COVID-19. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal utilizando o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI), o Questionário de Satisfação no Trabalho Font Roja e variáveis sociodemográficas e relacionadas ao trabalho. Um método de amostragem “bola de neve” foi empregado por meio de divulgação em redes sociais. Resultados: A pontuação média do PSQI foi de 9,75 ± 4,36 pontos. A pior qualidade do sono foi identificada nos participantes sem dependentes (p=0,031; β=3,329; IC 95%=0,035-6,354) e naqueles com outros dependentes que não sejam filhos (p=0,022; β=4,121; IC 95%=0,575-7,667). Entretanto, possuir doutoramento (p=0,001; β=-3,406; IC 95%=-5,503-1,309) ou especialista (p=0,021; β=-1,639; IC 95%=-3,031- -0,247) esteve associado a melhor qualidade do sono. Maior satisfação no trabalho foi encontrada entre mulheres (p=0,034; β=0,104; IC 95%=0,007-0,201) que não trabalhavam com pacientes com COVID-19 (p=0,049; β=-0,085; IC 95%=-0,174- -0,003).   Discussão: Melhorar as condições de trabalho, tais como o rácio enfermeiro/paciente e a distribuição dos turnos de trabalho, é crucial para melhorar a qualidade do sono dos enfermeiros. Conclusões: Os enfermeiros espanhóis relataram má qualidade do sono. Não ter dependentes ou ter outros dependentes além dos filhos foram fatores de risco para má qualidade do sono. A satisfação no trabalho foi maior entre as mulheres que não trabalharam com pacientes com COVID-19. Nenhuma relação foi encontrada entre satisfação no trabalho e qualidade do sono. Como citar este artigo: Maestro-González Alba, Zuazua-Rico David, Juan-García Carmen, Villalgordo-García Salvador, Mosteiro-Díaz María Pilar, Plaza-Carmona María. Sleep quality and job satisfaction in Spanish nurses: the consequences of COVID-19. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(2):e3452.  https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.345

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Gene Polymorphism and Infant’s Anthropometry at Birth

This research was funded by the Institute of Health Carlos III (PI13/01559), including the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and the Regional Health Council of Andalusia (Spain) (PI-0405-2014).This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of “Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía” (PI-0405-2014). and “Consejería de Igualdad, Salud y Políticas Sociales, Junta de Andalucía” (PI13/01559)We follow the standards described in Andalusian and Spanish laws of personal data protection and biomedical research for the treatment of information and biological samples of human origin.Women were informed of all study procedures and gave their informed consent for inclusion before they participated in the study.The authors thank the team of the i-Diet software for their support in the estimation of daily energy and nutrient intake. Likewise, a special mention to the pregnant women who participated in this study and the health professionals from El Poniente Hospital, Almeria.Identification of causal factors that influence fetal growth and anthropometry at birth is of great importance as they provide information about increased risk of disease throughout life. The association between maternal genetic polymorphism MTHFR(677)C>T and anthropometry at birth has been widely studied because of its key role in the one-carbon cycle. MTHFR(677) CT and TT genotypes have been associated with a greater risk of low birth weight, especially in case of deficient intake of folic acid during pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze the association between the maternal MTHFR(677)C>T genetic polymorphism and anthropometry at birth in a population with adequate folate consumption. We included 694 mother-newborn pairs from a prospective population-based birth cohort in Spain, in the Genetics, Early life enviroNmental Exposures and Infant Development in Andalusia (GENEIDA) project. Women were genotyped for MTHFR(677)C>T SNP by Q-PCR using TaqMan (c) probes. Relevant maternal and newborn information was obtained from structured questionnaires and medical records. Results showed that maternal MTHFR(677)C>T genotype was associated with newborn anthropometry. Genotypes CT or CT/TT showed statistically significant associations with increased or decreased risk of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) based on weight and height, depending on the newborn's sex, as well as with SGA in premature neonates. The relationships between this maternal genotype and anthropometry at birth remained despite an adequate maternal folate intake.Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI13/01559European CommissionRegional Health Council of Andalusia (Spain) PI-0405-201

Ex vivo vs. in vivo antibacterial activity of two antiseptics on oral biofilm

Aim: To compare the immediate antibacterial effect of two application methods (passive immersion and active mouthwash) of two antiseptic solutions on the in situ oral biofilm. Material and Methods: A randomized observer-masked crossover study was conducted. Fifteen healthy volunteers wore a specific intraoral device for 48 h to form a biofilm in three glass disks. One of these disks was used as a baseline; another one was immersed in a solution of 0.2% Chlorhexidine (0.2% CHX), remaining the third in the device, placed in the oral cavity, during the 0.2% CHX mouthwash application. After a 2-weeks washout period, the protocol was repeated using a solution of Essential Oils (EO). Samples were analyzed for bacterial viability with the confocal laser scanning microscope after previous staining with LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™. Results: The EO showed a better antibacterial effect compared to the 0.2% CHX after the mouthwash application (% of bacterial viability = 1.16 ± 1.00% vs. 5.08 ± 5.79%, respectively), and was more effective in all layers (p < 0.05). In the immersion, both antiseptics were significantly less effective (% of bacterial viability = 26.93 ± 13.11%, EO vs. 15.17 ± 6.14%, 0.2% CHX); in the case of EO immersion, there were no significant changes in the bacterial viability of the deepest layer in comparison with the baseline. Conclusions: The method of application conditioned the antibacterial activity of the 0.2% CHX and EO solutions on the in situ oral biofilm. The in vivo active mouthwash was more effective than the ex vivo passive immersion in both antiseptic solutions. There was more penetration of the antiseptic inside the biofilm with an active mouthwash, especially with the EO. Trial registered in clinicaltrials.gov with the number NCT02267239. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02267239.This work was supported by project PI11/01383 from Carlos III Institute of Health (General Division of Evaluation and Research Promotion, Madrid, Spain), which is integrated in National Plan of Research, Development and Innovation (PN I+D+I 2008-2011). This project was cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF 2007-2013)S