Reuse of textile wastewater after homogenization–decantation treatment coupled to PVDF ultrafiltration membranes

The textile industry is one of the largest consumers of water in the world and its wastewater is a serious problem when it is discharged without the proper treatment. In this work, wastewater generated by textile industry was treated coupling a homogenization–decantation treatment with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes. Initially, the wastewater was aerated in a homogenization–decantation tank where 17% colour and 10% chemical oxygen demand (COD) were removed. The aerated effluent was treated with an ultrafiltration membrane in order to reuse the permeate in new dyeing processes. Firstly, the ultrafiltration treatment was performed in a laboratory plant. The permeate analysis showed 20% colour removal and 60% COD decrease. On the basis of these results, a semi-industrial system was built. With this plant, the permeate characterization showed similar results. The system was found to be scalable and suitable for the treatment of this kind of effluents. Finally, new dyeings were performed with both permeates. Monochromatic dyeings were carried out with 100% permeate whereas 50% permeate was reused for dyeings with a mixture of three dyes. The colour differences were found to be lower than 1.5, which was the acceptance value establishedPostprint (author's final draft

Reciclado de aguas residuales textiles decoloradas con técnicas electroquímicas

En este trabajo se aborda la posibilidad de reciclar las aguas residuales textiles para su empleo en el proceso de tintura, previa eliminación del color causado por la presencia de colorantes reactivos mediante un tratamiento electroquímico con la celda ECO 75 (ELCHEM). También se describe detalladamente el funcionamiento y la estructura de esta celda. Se aplica el tratamiento electroquímico a la decoloración de diversas aguas residuales sintéticas. Se estudia el rendimiento de decoloración y el consumo eléctrico resultante. Posteriormente, se someten las aguas ya tratadas a un proceso de aereación para eliminar el cloro residual y se valoran los resultados obtenidos empleando dichas aguas en la tintura de algodón.This work deals with the possibility of recycling textile wastewater for use in the dyeing process. Until now, colour produced by the presence of reactive dyes was removed by means of an electrochemical treatment with cell ECO 75 (ELCHEM). The structure of the cell is described in detail. The electrochemical treatment is applied to the decolorisation of diverse synthetic wastewaters. Decolorisation yield and electrical consumption are studied. Later, treated waters are submitted to a stripping process in order to remove residual chlorine, and they are then employed for cotton dyeing. The dyed samples are compared.Ce travail étudie la possibilité de recycler les eaux résiduaires textiles pour les employer dans la teinture, après avoir éliminé la couleur due à la présence des colorants réactifs à l’aide d’un traitement électrochimique employant la cellule ECO 75 (ELCHEM). Le fonctionnement et la structure de cette cellule sont également décrits. Le traitement électrochimique est appliqué à la décoloration de diverses eaux résiduaires synthétiques. Le rendement de la décoloration et la consommation électrique sont étudiés. Postérieurement, les eaux traitées sont soumises à une aération pour enlever le chlore résiduaire et les résultats obtenus en employant ces eaux pour la teinture du coton sont discutés

The range of the restriction map for a multiplicity variety in Hörmander algebras of entire functions

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00009-013-0318-5[EN] Characterizations of interpolating multiplicity varieties for Hörmander algebras Ap(C) and A0 p(C) of entire functions were obtained by Berenstein and Li (J Geom Anal 5(1):1–48, 1995) and Berenstein et al. (Can J Math 47(1):28–43, 1995) for a radial subharmonic weight p with the doubling property. In this note we consider the case when the multiplicity variety is not interpolating, we compare the range of the associated restriction map for two weights q ≤ p and investigate when the range of the restriction map on Ap(C) or A0 p(C) contains certain subspaces associated in a natural way with the smaller weight q.This research was partially supported by MEC and FEDER Project MTM2010-15200.Bonet Solves, JA.; Fernandez Rosell, C. (2014). The range of the restriction map for a multiplicity variety in Hörmander algebras of entire functions. Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics. 11(2):643-652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00009-013-0318-5S643652112Berenstein, C.A., Gay, R.: Complex variables. An Introduction. Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 125. Springer, New York (1991)Berenstein, C.A., Gay R.: Complex Analysis and Special Topics in Harmonic Analysis. Springer, New York (1995)Berenstein C.A., Li B.Q.: Interpolating varieties for spaces of meromorphic functions. J. Geom. Anal. 5(1), 1–48 (1995)Berenstein C.A., Li B.Q., Vidras A.: Geometric characterization of interpolating varieties for the (FN)-space $${A^{0}_p}$$ of entire functions. Can. J. Math. 47(1), 28–43 (1995)Berenstein C.A., Taylor B.A.: A new look at interpolation theory for entire functions of one variable. Adv. Math. 33(2), 109–143 (1979)Bonet J., Galbis A.: The range of non-surjective convolution operators on Beurling spaces. Glasg. Math. J. 38(1), 125–135 (1996)Bonet J., Galbis A., Momm S.: Nonradial Hörmander algebras of several variables and convolution operators. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 353(6), 2275–2291 (2001)Braun R.W.: Weighted algebras of entire functions in which each closed ideal admits two algebraic generators. Mich. Math. J. 34(3), 441–450 (1987)Braun R.W., Meise R., Taylor B.A.: Ultradifferentiable functions and Fourier analysis. Results Math. 17(3–4), 206–237 (1990)Buckley J., Massaneda X., Ortega-Cerdà J.: Traces of functions in Fock spaces on lattices of critical density. Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 44(2), 222–240 (2012)Hartmann A., Massaneda X.: On interpolating varieties for weighted spaces of entire functions. J. Geom. Anal. 10(4), 683–696 (2000)Massaneda X., Ortega-Cerdà J., Ounaïes M.: A geometric characterization of interpolation in $${\hat{\mathcal{E}}'(\mathbb{R})}$$ . Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 358, 3459–3472 (2006)Massaneda, X., Ortega-Cerdà, J., Ounaïes, M.: Traces of Hörmander algebras on discrete sequences. In: Analysis and mathematical physics. Trends in Mathematics, pp. 397–408. Birkhäuser, Basel (2009)Meise R.: Sequence space representations for (DFN)-algebras of entire functions modulo closed ideals. J. Reine Angew. Math. 363, 59–95 (1985)Meise R., Taylor B.A.: Sequence space representations for (FN)-algebras of entire functions modulo closed ideals. Studia Math. 85(3), 203–227 (1987)Meise, R., Vogt, D.: Introduction to functional analysis. Oxford Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 2. The Clarendon Press Oxford University Press, New York (1997). Translated from the German by M. S. Ramanujan and revised by the authorsOunaïes M.: Geometric conditions for interpolation in weighted spaces of entire functions. J. Geom. Anal. 17(4), 701–715 (2007)Ounaïes M.: Interpolation by entire functions with growth conditions. Mich. Math. J. 56(1), 155–171 (2008)Ounaïes, M.: Interpolation dans les algèbres de Hörmander. Université Louis Pasteur. Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée (IRMA), Strasbourg (2008)Stromberg, K.R.: Introduction to classical real analysis. Wadsworth International, Belmont, California. Wadsworth International Mathematics Series (1981)Zioło P.: Geometric characterization of interpolation in the space of Fourier-Laplace transforms of ultradistributions of Roumieu type. Collect. Math. 62(2), 161–172 (2011

Dynamics and spectra of composition operators on the Schwartz space

[EN] In this paper we study the dynamics of the composition operators defined in the Schwartz space of rapidly decreasing functions. We prove that such an operator is never supercyclic and, for monotonic symbols, it is power bounded only in trivial cases. For a polynomial symbol ¿ of degree greater than one we show that the operator is mean ergodic if and only if it is power bounded and this is the case when ¿ has even degree and lacks fixed points. We also discuss the spectrum of composition operators.The present research was partially supported by the projects MTM2016-76647-P, ACOMP/2015/186, Prometeo/2017/102 of the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain). The third author was partially supported by GVA, Project AICO/2016/054.Fernández Rosell, C.; Galbis Verdu, A.; Jorda Mora, E. (2018). Dynamics and spectra of composition operators on the Schwartz space. Journal of Functional Analysis. 274(12):3503-3530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2017.11.005S350335302741

Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the black-banded oak borer Coroebus florentinus to conspecific insect and host plant volatiles

Aspects of the chemical ecology of the black-banded oak borer, (BBOB) Coroebus florentinus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), were studied. Odors produced by males and females were similar, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Nonanal, decanal, and geranylacetone, identified in the headspace of both sexes, elicited strong electroantennographic responses from male antennae, but not from female antennae. In dual-choice olfactometer experiments, a blend of these three compounds was attractive to both sexes; males responded to decanal alone, while females responded to geranylacetone alone, suggesting that these compounds are responsible for activity of the blend to the respective sexes. Antennae of both sexes responded electroantennographically to the green leaf volatiles (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenol, 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, and n-hexyl acetate, all identified from the host plant Quercus suber. In behavioral experiments, only females were attracted to host-plant odors, and in tests with synthetic compounds, females were attracted to (E)-2-hexenol, 1-hexanol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. It is likely that these compounds play a role in foraging and/or oviposition behavior of BBOB females

Classical operators on weighted Banach spaces of entire functions

First published in [Proceedings of American Mathematical Society in: volume 141 (2013), issue 12, pages 4293-4303], published by the American Mathematical Society," http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-2013-11685-0 -See more at: http://www.ams.org/publications/journals/journal-faqWe study the operators of differentiation and of integration and the Hardy operator on weighted Banach spaces of entire functions. We estimate the norm of the operators, study the spectrum, and analyze when they are surjective, power bounded, hypercyclic, and (uniformly) mean ergodic.Beltrán Meneu, MJ.; Bonet Solves, JA.; Fernández Rosell, MC. (2013). Classical operators on weighted Banach spaces of entire functions. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society. 141(12):4293-4303. doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-2013-11685-0S429343031411

El aprendizaje de la economía para la gestión del patrimonio personal

Debido a los cambios sucedidos en la sociedad la educación en los institutos ha debido ir cambiando y con ella las diferentes asignaturas, en el caso de la economía y como búsqueda de solución a un problema observado en la sociedad, se ha desarrollado un proyecto de innovación para explicar conceptos diarios relacionados con la economía, para tratar de paliar de falta de conocimientos de economía básica existentes y para hacer más cercano a la realidad en la que viven los alumnos, el estudio de la economía.<br /

Biomechanical behavior of dynamic vs. static distal locking intramedullary nails in subtrochanteric femur fractures

Objective: Hip fractures are one of the most frequent fractures presenting to the emergency department and orthopedic trauma teams. The aim of this study was to determine the best indication and therapeutic technique for subtrochanteric fractures and unifying criteria when choosing the most suitable type of nail. Materials and methods: To analyze the influence of the material and the type of distal locking of intramedullary nails (static or dynamic), a femur model with a fracture in the subtrochanteric region stabilized with a long Gamma intramedullary nail was applied using finite element method (FEM) simulation. Results: The mechanical study shows that titanium nails allow for greater micromobility at the fracture site, which could act as a stimulus for the formation of callus and consolidation of the fracture. In the mechanical study, the type of distal locking mainly affects mobility at the fracture site and stress in the cortical bone around the distal screws, without in any case exceeding values that may compromise the viability of the assembly or that may result in detrimental effects (in terms of mobility at the fracture site) for the consolidation process. Conclusion: Subtrochanteric fractures treated with titanium nail and static distal locking is safe and does not hinder consolidation