Epidemiological situation of pertussis and strategies to control it. Argentina, 2002-2011

Fil: Romanin, Viviana. Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles (ProNaCEI), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; Argentina.Fil: Agustinho, Vanina. Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles (ProNaCEI), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; Argentina.Fil: Califano, Gloria. Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles (ProNaCEI), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; Argentina.Fil: Sagradini, Sandra. Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles (ProNaCEI), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; Argentina.Fil: Aquino, Analia. Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles (ProNaCEI), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; Argentina.Fil: Juarez, María del Valle. Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles (ProNaCEI), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; Argentina.Fil: Antman, Julián. Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; Argentina.Fil: Giovacchini, Carlos. Dirección de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; Argentina.Fil: Galas, Marcelo F. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Lara, Claudia. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Hozbor, Daniela. . Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia Coqueluche, VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina.Fil: Gentile, Ángela. Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría; Argentina.Fil: Vizzotti, Carla. Programa Nacional de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles (ProNaCEI), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; Argentina.Coqueluche constituye un problema de salud pública. Objetivos: Describir la morbimortalidad y coberturas de vacunación entre 2002 y 2011, el perfil de los casos de 2011 y las estrategias de control implementadas por el Ministerio de Salud (MSN)

Contributions for Repositioning a Regional Strategy for Healthy Municipalities, Cities and Communities (HM&C): Results of a Pan-American Survey

This article presents the results of the 1st Regional Survey of Healthy Municipalities, Cities and Communities (HM&C) carried out in 2008 by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and ISALUD University of Argentina. It discusses the responses obtained from 12 countries in the Americas Region. Key informants in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay were selected and encouraged to answer the survey, while informants from Canada and Honduras answered voluntarily and were included in this analysis. The discussion of the results of the Survey provides insight into the current status of HM&C in the Region and suggests key topics for repositioning the Regional strategy relative to: (1) the conceptual identity and tools for HM&C; (2) challenging areas in the implementation process (scale, legal framework, and development of capacities); (3) related strategies and participatory processes such as the ways citizen empowerment in governance is supported; (4) the need to monitor and assess the impact of the HM&C strategy on the health and quality of life of the populations involved; and (5) the need for developing a strategic research and training agenda. The analysis and discussion of these results aims to provide useful input for repositioning the strategy in the Region and contributing to the emergence of a second generation of concepts and tools capable of meeting the developing priorities and needs currently faced by the HM&C strategy

Situación epidemiológica de coqueluche y estrategias para su control. Argentina, 2002-2011

Introduction. Pertussis is a challenge for public health. Objectives: To describe pertussis-related morbidity and mortality and immunization coverage for the 2002-2011 period, profile of cases for 2011, and control strategies implemented by the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Argentina. Methods. Descriptive, epidemiological surveillance study. Morbidity data were obtained from the National Health Surveillance System, while mortality data were obtained from the MoH's Health Statistics and Information Department and official jurisdictional reports. Administrative immunization coverage was used based on the data provided by the MoH's jurisdictions. The Epi Info software, version 7.1.2, was used for analysis. Results. The number of reported cases of pertussis increased between 2002 and 2011, reaching its peak in 2011: an incidence of 16 × 100 000 inhabitants, and 76 deaths. Most deaths occurred in infants younger than 1 year old. Immunization coverage achieved at a national level with the third dose and the dose administered at the time of starting primary education was >90%, while the coverage achieved with the first booster dose was 80%-90%. In 2011, 2821 confirmed cases were reported (incidence of 7 × 100 000 inhabitants): 84% in infants <1 year old; 76 deaths: 97% in infants <1 year old (60.5% in infants <2 months old). Among the strategies that were deployed, a total of 906 clinical nodes and 405 laboratory nodes were consolidated; the use of the polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic method and the differential classification of cases were implemented, and additional vaccine doses were administered. Conclusions -The number of pertussis cases increased between 2002 and 2011; the highest morbidity and mortality occurred in infants younger than 1 year old; immunization coverage reached 80%-90%. -The highest number of pertussis-related deaths was recorded in 2011. -The MoH strengthened the epidemiological surveillance and set guidelines for control measures.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Situación epidemiológica de coqueluche y estrategias para su control. Argentina, 2002-2011

Introduction. Pertussis is a challenge for public health. Objectives: To describe pertussis-related morbidity and mortality and immunization coverage for the 2002-2011 period, profile of cases for 2011, and control strategies implemented by the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Argentina. Methods. Descriptive, epidemiological surveillance study. Morbidity data were obtained from the National Health Surveillance System, while mortality data were obtained from the MoH's Health Statistics and Information Department and official jurisdictional reports. Administrative immunization coverage was used based on the data provided by the MoH's jurisdictions. The Epi Info software, version 7.1.2, was used for analysis. Results. The number of reported cases of pertussis increased between 2002 and 2011, reaching its peak in 2011: an incidence of 16 × 100 000 inhabitants, and 76 deaths. Most deaths occurred in infants younger than 1 year old. Immunization coverage achieved at a national level with the third dose and the dose administered at the time of starting primary education was >90%, while the coverage achieved with the first booster dose was 80%-90%. In 2011, 2821 confirmed cases were reported (incidence of 7 × 100 000 inhabitants): 84% in infants <1 year old; 76 deaths: 97% in infants <1 year old (60.5% in infants <2 months old). Among the strategies that were deployed, a total of 906 clinical nodes and 405 laboratory nodes were consolidated; the use of the polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic method and the differential classification of cases were implemented, and additional vaccine doses were administered. Conclusions -The number of pertussis cases increased between 2002 and 2011; the highest morbidity and mortality occurred in infants younger than 1 year old; immunization coverage reached 80%-90%. -The highest number of pertussis-related deaths was recorded in 2011. -The MoH strengthened the epidemiological surveillance and set guidelines for control measures.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Situación epidemiológica de coqueluche y estrategias para su control. Argentina, 2002-2011

Introduction. Pertussis is a challenge for public health. Objectives: To describe pertussis-related morbidity and mortality and immunization coverage for the 2002-2011 period, profile of cases for 2011, and control strategies implemented by the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Argentina. Methods. Descriptive, epidemiological surveillance study. Morbidity data were obtained from the National Health Surveillance System, while mortality data were obtained from the MoH's Health Statistics and Information Department and official jurisdictional reports. Administrative immunization coverage was used based on the data provided by the MoH's jurisdictions. The Epi Info software, version 7.1.2, was used for analysis. Results. The number of reported cases of pertussis increased between 2002 and 2011, reaching its peak in 2011: an incidence of 16 × 100 000 inhabitants, and 76 deaths. Most deaths occurred in infants younger than 1 year old. Immunization coverage achieved at a national level with the third dose and the dose administered at the time of starting primary education was >90%, while the coverage achieved with the first booster dose was 80%-90%. In 2011, 2821 confirmed cases were reported (incidence of 7 × 100 000 inhabitants): 84% in infants <1 year old; 76 deaths: 97% in infants <1 year old (60.5% in infants <2 months old). Among the strategies that were deployed, a total of 906 clinical nodes and 405 laboratory nodes were consolidated; the use of the polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic method and the differential classification of cases were implemented, and additional vaccine doses were administered. Conclusions -The number of pertussis cases increased between 2002 and 2011; the highest morbidity and mortality occurred in infants younger than 1 year old; immunization coverage reached 80%-90%. -The highest number of pertussis-related deaths was recorded in 2011. -The MoH strengthened the epidemiological surveillance and set guidelines for control measures.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Effectiveness of rAd26-rAd5, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and BBIBP-CorV vaccines for risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and death due to COVID-19 in people older than 60 years in Argentina: a test-negative, case-control, and retrospective longitudinal study

Background: In January, 2021, a vaccination campaign against COVID-19 was initiated with the rAd26-rAd5, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and BBIBP-CorV vaccines in Argentina. The objective of this study was to estimate vaccine effectiveness at reducing risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 deaths in people older than 60 years. Methods: In this test-negative, case-control, and retrospective longitudinal study done in Argentina, we evaluated the effectiveness of three vaccines (rAd26-rAd5, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and BBIBP-CorV) on SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of death in people with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19, using data from the National Surveillance System (SNVS 2.0). All individuals aged 60 years or older reported to SNVS 2.0 as being suspected to have COVID-19 who had disease status confirmed with RT-PCR were included in the study. Unvaccinated individuals could participate in any of the analyses. People with suspected COVID-19 who developed symptoms before the start of the implementation of the vaccination programme for their age group or district were excluded from the study. The odds ratio of SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated by logistic regression and the risk of death in individuals with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 was evaluated by proportional hazard regression models, adjusted for possible confounders: age at the time of the symptom onset date, sex, district of residence, epidemiological week corresponding to the symptom onset date, and history of COVID-19. The estimation of vaccine effectiveness to prevent death due to COVID-19 was done indirectly by combining infection and death estimates. In addition, we evaluated the effect of the first dose of viral vector vaccines across time. Findings: From Jan 31, to Sept 14, 2021, 1 282 928 individuals were included, of whom 687 167 (53·6%) were in the rAd26-rAd5 analysis, 358 431 (27·6%) in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 analysis, and 237 330 (18·5%) in the BBIBP-CorV analysis. Vaccine effectiveness after two doses was high for all three vaccines, adjusted odds ratio 0·36 (95% CI 0·35–0·37) for rAd26-rAd5, 0·32 (0·31–0·33) for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and 0·56 (0·55–0·58) for BBIBP-CorV. After two doses, the effect on deaths was higher than that on risk of infection: adjusted hazard ratio 0·19 (95% CI 0·18–0·21) for rAd26-rAd5, 0·20 (0·18–0·22) for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and 0·27 (0·25–0·29) for BBIBP-CorV. The indirectly estimated effectiveness on deaths was 93·1% (95% CI 92·6–93·5) for rAd26-rAd5, 93·7% (93·2–94·3) for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and 85·0% (84·0–86·0) for BBIBP-CorV following two doses. First dose effect of viral vector vaccines remained stable over time. Interpretation: The vaccines used in Argentina showed effectiveness in reducing infection and death by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Funding: None.Fil: Rearte, Analía. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Castelli, Juan Manuel. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Rearte, Ramiro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Cátedra de Fisiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes, Nora Angéelica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Pennini, Velen. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Pesce, Martina. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Barbeira, Pilar Barcena. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Iummato, Luciana Eva. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Laurora, Melisa. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Bartolomeu, María Lucía. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Galligani, Guido. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Del Valle Juarez, María. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Giovacchini, Carlos María. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Santoro, Adrián. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Esperatti, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Tarragona, Sonia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Vizzotti, Carla. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentin