Two-Dimensional Line Strength Maps in Three Well-studied Early-Type Galaxies

Integral field spectroscopy has been obtained for the nuclear regions of 3 large, well-studied, early-type galaxies. From these spectra we have obtained line strength maps for about 20 absorption lines, mostly belonging to the Lick system. An extensive comparison with multi-lenslet spectroscopy shows that accurate kinematic maps can be obtained, and also reproducible line strength maps. Comparison with long-slit spectroscopy also produces good agreement. We show that Mg is enhanced with respect to Fe in the inner disk of one of the three galaxies studied, the Sombrero. [Mg/Fe] there is larger than in the rest of the bulge. The large values of Mg/Fe in the central disk are consistent with the centres of other early-type galaxies, and not with large disks, like the disk of our Galaxy, where [Mg/Fe] is approximately 0. We confirm with this observation a recent result of Worthey (1998) that Mg/Fe is determined by the central kinetic energy, or escape velocity, of the stars, only, and not by the formation time scale of the stars. A stellar population analysis using the models of Vazdekis et al. (1996) shows that our observed H gamma agrees well with what is predicted based on the other lines. Using the line strength of the Ca II IR triplet as an indicator of the abundance of Ca, we find that Ca follows Fe, and not Mg, in these galaxies. This is peculiar, given the fact that Ca is an alpha-element. Finally, by combining the results of this paper with those of Vazdekis et al. (1997) we find that the line strength gradients in the three galaxies are primarily caused by variations in metallicity.Comment: 23 pages, Latex, includes mn.sty, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

Partitioning approach for large wind farms: active power control for optimizing power reserve

© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Nowadays, large wind farms are expected to guarantee stability of the electrical grid contributing with ancillary services, such as frequency support. To this end, wind farm controllers must set the power generation of each turbine to compensate generation and demand imbalances. With the aim of optimizing primary frequency support, this paper proposes a partitioning approach to split large wind farms into several disjoint subsets of turbines according to the wake propagations through the wind farm. The partitioning problem is solved as a mixed-integer multi-objective optimization problem stated to maximize the strength of the coupling among the turbines due to the wake effect. Thus, no additional information sharing related to the wake propagations needs to be considered between the subsets. Different control tasks are assigned to the local controller of each subset, such that the total power generated meets the power demanded by the grid while the power reserve for enhancing primary frequency support is maximized. Finally, as an application of the proposed model, a decentralized wind farm control strategy is designed and compared with a centralized approach.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

La participación ciudadana. Algunos apuntes a partir del Barómetro Social de España

At the level of proclaimed principles, one of the hallmarks of Western democracy is public participation in political, economic and cultural life. In practice, however, the daily management of these areas is provided by professional politicians, transnational corporations and media oligopolies. This paper seeks to collect in a broad sense the forms of citizen participation in the field of politics. While indirect participation through the electoral process has been remarkable in the last three decades, direct intervention in the public sphere is very limited, except for a more active social minority or, in exceptional cases, of collective mobilization. Both the data from the Social Barometer of Spain as well as quantitative and qualitative surveys of public opinion suggest that we live more in a technocratic or plutocratic society rather than a democratic one. The political model established in Spain in recent decades provides an ambivalent institutional framework for public participation: on the one hand, it affirms the right of participation and sets out some concrete ways that did not exist previously; on the other, the emphasis on delegation (representation mechanisms) imposes restrictions on direct participation in public affairs.En el nivel de los principios proclamados, una de las señas de identidad de las democracias occidentales es la participación de la población en la vida política, económica y cultural. En la práctica, sin embargo, la gestión cotidiana de esas esferas corre a cargo de profesionales de la política, corporaciones transnacionales y oligopolios mediáticos. El presente texto trata de recoger las formas de participación de la ciudadanía en el ámbito de la política en un sentido amplio. Si bien la participación indirecta, a través de procesos electorales, ha sido notable durante las tres últimas décadas, la intervención directa en la esfera pública es muy limitada, salvo para una minoría social más activa o en casos excepcionales de movilización colectiva. Tanto los datos aportados por el Barómetro social de España como los sondeos cuantitativos y cualitativos de opinión pública apuntan a que vivimos en una sociedad tecnocrática o plutocrática, más que democrática. El modelo político establecido en España en las últimas décadas ofrece un marco institucional ambivalente para la participación ciudadana: por un lado, se afirma el derecho a la participación y se establecen algunos cauces concretos que antes no existían; por otro, el énfasis en la delegación (mecanismos de representación) impone unos límites precisos a la participación directa en los asuntos públicos

Estudio constructivo, propuesta de rehabilitación y cambio de uso de la antigua leprosería de Barcelona Can Masdeu

Can Masdeu, antigua leprosería de Barcelona. Desde su origen hasta la actualidad, ha sufrido una serie de cambios provocados por las necesidades funcionales en cada momento. La información más antigua obtenida de esta masía consta del 1901, cuando fue abjudicada por subasta al Hospital de la Santa Cruz hasta el 1977 que finalmente cerró durante más de 25 años, mostrando en la actualidad un avanzado estado de degradación constructiva con el agotamiento de sus elementos estructurales y constructivos. En el 2001 fue ocupada y rehabilitada como vivienda y centro social. El proyecto se centra en la masía de Can Masdeu, conocida como la antigua leproseria del Hospital de Sant Pau, ubicada en uno de los valles no urbanizados del Parque de Collserola, en Barcelona. Por estos motivos el edificio presenta cierta dificultad a la hora de estudiarlo, las ampliaciones y pequeñas intervenciones que se han ido realizando a lo largo de todos estos años nos han creado muchos conflictos para establecer la tipología constructiva correspondiente a cada época. Los objetivos de nuestro proyecto serán: - Un estudio histórico de la evolución de Can Masdeu. - Un levantamiento gráfico. - Un estudio de los elementos constructivos. - Un análisis de las lesiones existentes con sus propuestas de actuación. - Una propuesta de intervención del edificio

Slots Startup Synchronization with Shared Resources Dependency

Producción CientíficaIn this work the authors present a new formulation that allows an optimal schedule of batch processes with length dependence on the synchronization of the startup of the processes. It is also keep into account the distribution of shared resources among the devices.European Union, Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 723575 (CoPro)MINECO-FEDER (DPI2015-70975-P

Diseño completo de un mecanismo de palancas articuladas mediante software SOLIDWORKS/COSMOS

Proyecto de un mecanismo divisor sinusoidal. Project of a senoidal dividerIngeniería Técnica en Mecánic

CORRIGENDUM: Surface wave damping in a brimful circular cylinder

As pointed out to us by Mr T. Heath, the following printing errors can be quite misleading when using the formulas in the paper to obtain eigenfrequencies and damping rates to compare with experiments: in (A 13) 1 should read −1 on the right-hand side; in (A 22) and (A 26) Ω20 should read Ω−20; in (A 25) the factor Ω40 must be omitted on the right-hand side. When revising again the printed version of the paper, we discovered several additional misprints: A factor C was omitted in the first two integrals in the expression for J2, immediately following equation (2.9). The sign of the second expression for I1 in (2.23) should be changed. The expression (W0Wz +3WW0z)z=0 should read 2(W0Wz +WW0z)z=0 in equation (2.24). The expression W0(1, z)W0z(1, z) in (2.26) should read W0(r, 0)W0z(r, 0). None of the misprints above affect the results of the paper, which were obtained with the correct expressions

Mean Flow Effects in the Faraday Instability

We study the weakly nonlinear evolution of Faraday waves in a 2D container that is vertically vibrated. In the small viscosity limit, the evolution of the surface waves is coupled to a non-oscillatory mean flow that develops in the bulk of the container. The corresponding long time (Navier-Stokes+amplitude) equations are derived and analyzed numerically. The results indicate that the (usually ignored) mean flow plays an essential role in the stability of the surface waves and in the bifurcated wave patterns

Instant City

En el año 1971 y con motivo del VII Congreso del International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID), la isla de Ibiza (concretamente la cala Sant Miquel, al norte de la misma) acogió la Instant City, una ciudad efímera que se levantó, ocupó y desmanteló en poco más de un mes. Pasados casi 50 años de este experimento hablamos con Carlos Ferrater sobre sus luces y sombras, poniendo especial énfasis en la sorprendente vigencia que el emblemático proyecto conserva hoy en día.In 1971 on the occasion of the VII Congress of the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design, the island of Ibiza hosted the Instant City, an ephemeral city that was built, occupied and dismantled in little more than a month. After almost 50 years of this experiment we speak with Carlos Ferrater about its lights and shadows, putting special emphasis on the surprising validity that the emblematic project conserves today.Peer Reviewe