Arthrodiastasis for the treatment of stiffness of the hip in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA): preliminary results

OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados preliminares da utilização da artrodiastase do quadril em pacientes portadores de artrite reumatoide juvenil e com comprometimento da articulação coxofemoral. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de 12 pacientes (seis meninos e seis meninas) com idades entre oito e 18 anos (média de 10,5 anos). Foi utilizado um fixador externo monolateral que permite os movimentos de flexão e de extensão no quadril. O fixador externo foi mantido por um período que variou de 78 a 90 dias, com média de 86 dias. O controle radiográfico foi realizado durante o ato operatório e, semanalmente, durante o período de tração e a cada quatro semanas, quando terminado este período. Na avaliação clínica dos resultados, incluímos a graduação da dor e o grau de movimentação articular, com medidas e avaliações pré e pós-operatórias. O período de acompanhamento variou de 12 a 15 anos, com média de 13 anos. RESULTADOS: O valor médio da escala de dor foi de nove (9) antes da operação e de quatro (4) no período pós-operatório. Em dois pacientes não ocorreu melhora da dor. O arco de movimento do quadril aumentou em todos os pacientes, com exceção de dois. Na avaliação radiográfica evidenciamos um aumento no espaço articular de 2mm, em média, e que se manteve no pós-operatório. Não foram observadas complicações com a utilização da técnica. Apenas verificamos soltura dos pinos de Schanz da região do osso ilíaco em dois pacientes. A técnica operatória não ocasionou resultado satisfatório. CONCLUSÃO: O procedimento de artrodiastase está bem indicado para a recuperação da mobilidade em uma articulação coxofemoral comprometida e rígida, como ocorre em pacientes com artrite reumatoide juvenil.OBJECTIVE: To present the preliminary results of the use of hip arthrodiastasis in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and involvement of the hip joint. METHODS: A prospective study of 12 patients (six boys and six girls) aged between eight and 18 years (mean 10.5 years). We used a monolateral external fixator that allows flexion and extension at the hip. The external fixator was maintained for a period ranging from 78 to 90 days, with a mean of 86 days. Radiographic control was performed during surgery, weekly during the traction period, and every four weeks once this period was completed. The clinical evaluation of results included the degree of the pain and the degree of joint movement, measured and evaluatedpre-and post-operatively. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 15 years, with a mean of 13 years. RESULTS: The average pain score was nine (9) before surgery and four (4) in the postoperative period. There was no improvement in pain in two patients. The range of motion of the hip increased in all patients except two. Radiographic evaluation evidenced a2 mm increase in joint space, on average,that has remained postoperatively. There were no complications with this technique. Only a loosening of the Schanz screws in the region of the iliac bone was observed in two patients. The surgical technique did not bring satisfactory results. CONCLUSION: The arthrodiastasis procedure is well suited for recovery of mobility in animpairedand rigid hip joint, as occurs in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Mechanical evaluation of tibial fixation of the hamstring tendon in anterior cruciate ligament double-bundle reconstruction with and without interference screws

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare two postero-lateral bundle (PLB) tibial fixation techniques for the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with double bundle: a technique without the use of an interference screw, preserving the native tibial insertion of the tendons of the gracilis and semitendineous muscles, and a technique with the use of an interference screw and without preserving the insertion of the tendons. METHODS: A comparative study was conducted in cadavers with a universal mechanical test machine. In total, 23 cadaver knees were randomized for tibial fixation of the PLB using the two techniques: Maintaining the tibial insertion of the tendons during reconstruction, without the use of an interference screw (group A, 11 cases); and fixating the graft with an interference screw, without maintaining the insertion of the tendons (group B, 12 cases). A continuous traction was performed (20 mm/min) in the same direction as the produced tunnel, and force (N), elongation (mm), rigidity (N/mm), and tension (N/mm2 ) were objectively determined in each group. RESULTS: Group A exhibited a maximum force (MF) of 315.4±124.7 N; maximum tension of 13.57±3.65 N/mm2 ; maximum elongation of 19.73±4.76 mm; force at the limit of proportionality (FLP) of 240.6±144.0 N; and an elongation at the limit of proportionality of 14.37±6.58 mm. Group B exhibited a MF of 195.7±71.8 N; maximum tension of 8.8±3.81 N/mm2 ; maximum elongation of 15.3±10.73 mm; FLP of 150.1±68.7 N; and an elongation at the limit of proportionality of 6.86±2.42 mm. When comparing the two groups, significant differences were observed in the variables of maximum force (p=0.016), maximum tension (p=0.019), maximum elongation (p=0.007), and elongation at the limit of proportionality (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: The use of the native insertion of the semitendineous and gracilis tendons, without an additional fixation device, presented mechanical superiority over their fixation with interference screws

Sutura do menisco pela técnica all-inside com o dispositivo Fast-Fix

OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study is to evaluate the results and effectiveness of the technique of meniscal repair type all-inside using Fast-Fix device.METHODS:A retrospective cohort study evaluating 22 patients with meniscal surgery between January 2004 and December 2010 underwent meniscal repair technique for all-inside with the Fast-Fix device with or without ACL reconstruction. Function and quality of life outcomes were chosen by the IKDC and Lysholm score, before and postoperatively, and reoperation rates, relying to the time of final follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t test.RESULTS:The mean follow-up was 59 months (16-84). The Lysholm score showed 72% (16 patients) of excellent and good results (84-100 points), 27% (6 patients) fair (65-83 points) and no cases classified as poor (<64 points). According to the IKDC: 81% (18 patients) of excellent and good results (75-100 points), 18% of cases regular (50-75 points) and no patient had poor results (<50 points). There were no failures or complications.CONCLUSION:The technique of meniscal repair type all-inside using the Fast-Fix device is safe and effective for the treatment of meniscal lesions in the red zone or red-white with or without simultaneous ACL reconstruction, with good and excellent results in most patients Level 4 Study.OBJETIVO:Avaliar os resultados e a eficácia da técnica de reparo meniscal tipo all-inside com o uso do dispositivo FasT-Fix.MÉTODOS:Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com avaliação de 22 pacientes com lesão meniscal operados entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2010, submetidos ao reparo meniscal pela técnica all-inside com o dispositivo FasT-Fix e associados ou não à reconstrução do LCA. Função e qualidade de vida foram os desfechos escolhidos por meio dos questionários de Lysholm e IKDC, pré e pós-operatoriamente, além das taxas de reoperação, relevando-se o tempo de seguimento final. A análise estatística foi feita com o uso do teste t de Student.RESULTADOS:O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 59 meses (16-84). O escore de Lysholm apresentou 73% (16 pacientes) de excelentes e bons resultados (84-100 pontos), 27% (seis pacientes) regulares (65-83 pontos) e nenhum caso classificado como ruim (< 64 pontos). Segundo o IKDC: 82% (18 pacientes) de excelentes e bons resultados (75-100 pontos); 18% de casos regulares (50-75 pontos) e nenhum paciente obteve resultados ruins (< 50 pontos). Não ocorreram falhas ou complicações.CONCLUSÃO:A técnica de reparo meniscal tipo all-inside com o uso do dispositivo FasT-Fix, nos pacientes avaliados, se mostrou eficaz e segura para o tratamento das lesões de menisco na zona vermelha ou zona vermelho-branca associada ou não à reconstrução simultânea do LCA e apresentou resultados bons e excelentes na maioria dos pacientes.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUNIFESP-EPM Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUNIFESP, EPM, Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUNIFESP, EPM Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologySciEL

Artroplastia total do joelho auxiliada por navegação: análise de 200 casos

OBJECTIVE:to evaluate the results from surgery with computer-assisted navigation in cases of total knee arthroplasty.METHOD:a total of 196 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty with computer-assisted navigation were evaluated. The extension and flexion spaces (gaps) were evaluated during the operation and the alignment after the operation was assessed. The Knee Society Score (KSS) questionnaire for assessing patient's function was applied preoperatively and postoperatively after a mean follow-up of 22 months.RESULTS:in all, 86.7% of the patients presented good alignment of the mechanical axis (less than 3◦ of varus or valgus in relation to the mechanical axis) and 96.4% of the patients presented balanced flexion and extension gaps. Before the operation, 97% of the patients presented poor or insufficient KSS, but after the operation, 77.6% presented good or excellent KSS.CONCLUSION:the navigation system made it possible to achieve aligned and balanced implants, with notable functional improvement among the patients. It was found to be useful in assessing, understanding and improving knowledge in relation to performing arthroplasty procedures.OBJETIVO:avaliar os resultados das cirurgias assistidas por navegação (CAN) nas artroplastias totais de joelho.MÉTODO:foram avaliados 196 pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total de joelho com auxílio da navegação por computador. Avaliados no intraoperatório os espaços (gaps) de extensão e de flexão, o alinhamento pós-operatório e o questionário funcional da Knee Society Score (KSS) pré-operatório e pós-operatório com seguimento médio de 22 meses.RESULTADOS:dos pacientes, 86,7% apresentaram bom alinhamento do eixo mecânico (dentro de 3◦ de varo ou valgo em relação ao eixo mecânico) e 96,4% apresentaram ambos os gaps de flexão e extensão balanceados. No pré-operatório, 97% dos pacientes apresentavam KSS funcional ruim ou insuficiente, no pós-operatório 77,6% apresentavam KSS funcional bom ou excelente.CONCLUSÃO:a navegação proporcionou a obtenção de implantes alinhados e balanceados com importante melhoria da função nos pacientes. Foram evidenciados sua utilidade no estudo, o entendimento e o aperfeiçoamento do conhecimento na execução das artroplastias.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Orthopedics and Traumatology DepartmentUNIFESP, Orthopedics and Traumatology DepartmentSciEL

Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors

Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed

Initial experience of use of an articulated external fixator in treating Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease by means of arthrodiastasis during the active phase of the disease

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To present the preliminary results from treating patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (LCPD) by means of hip arthrodiastasis using a monolateral external fixator applied to the hip and to succinctly describe the surgical technique used, in a prospective study. METHODS: Prospective study on 18 patients with LCPD who underwent surgical treatment by means of the hip arthrodiastasis technique using a monolateral external fixator. There were 13 male and five female patients of mean age 8.5 years, ranging from five to 13 years. All the patients presented unilateral hip impairment: nine on the right side and nine on the left. The results were evaluated at maturity using clinical and radiological criteria. RESULTS: All the patients evolved with improvement of joint mobility, and pain relief was achieved in 88.9% of them. Reossification of the femoral epiphysis occurred within the first three months of the treatment. The hips operated at the necrosis stage of the disease did not passed through the fragmentation stage, thus shortening the evolution of the disease. The results were 77.8% satisfactory and 22.2% unsatisfactory. CONCLUSION: Hip arthrodiastasis with a monolateral external fixator during the active phase of LCPD improved the degree of joint mobility. Use of the arthrodiastasis technique at the necrosis stage or at the fragmentation stage (active phase of the disease) presented satisfactory results from treatment of LCPD

Total hip arthroplasty using a posterior minimally invasive approach - results after six years

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the medium-term clinical-functional results (minimum follow-up of six years) from total uncemented hip arthroplasty performed by means of a posterior minimally invasive access, in comparison with the traditional right lateral access.METHODS: In a comparative prospective study, 224 adult patients underwent elective total hip arthroplasty due to a diagnosis of primary or secondary osteoarthrosis. A group of 103 patients with posterior minimally invasive access was compared with a group of 121 patients with the traditional right lateral access. The mean length of follow-up among the patients of this sample was 7.2 years. We evaluated the clinical-functional and radiographic results and occurrences of loosening, along with any complications that occurred, with a minimum follow-up of six years.RESULTS: The clinical-functional analyses before the surgical procedure and six years afterwards were similar in the two groups (p = 0.88 and p = 0.55). One patient in the minimally invasive group underwent revision of the acetabular component and two patients in the control group underwent the same procedure (p = 0.46). The Trendelenburg clinical test, which showed weakness of the hip abductor musculature, was present in five patients operated using the traditional lateral route and absent in all those who underwent the minimally invasive procedure (p = 0.06). There was no difference regarding the radiographic parameters obtained, either in acetabular or in femoral positioning (p = 0.32 and p = 0.58).CONCLUSIONS: The medium-term clinical and radiographic results and the complication rates were similar between the patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty by means of the posterior minimally invasive access and those with the traditional lateral access

Anterior cruciate ligament - updating article

ABSTRACT This updating article on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has the aim of addressing some of the most interesting current topics in this field. Within this stratified approach, it contains the following sections: ACL remnant; anterolateral ligament and combined intra and extra-articular reconstruction; fixation devices; and ACL femoral tunnel creation techniques