O uso de recursos florestais e as políticas econômicas brasileiras: uma visão histórica e parcial de um processo de desenvolvimento

Este artigo analisa o uso de recursos florestais no Brasil, evidenciando que a destruição de nossas florestas e o uso insustentável dos remanescentes florestais sempre se associaram com as políticas desenvolvimentistas adotadas no País. Estas políticas, por sua vez, se fundamentaram nos principais modelos econômicos em voga a cada período. O trabalho apresenta uma discussão acerca da importância das florestas para uma nação e ressalta que o Brasil as está destruindo em grande escala, enquanto diversos outros países as ampliam. Este processo de desmatamento no Brasil já não se justifica pela necessidade de terra para a produção agropecuária. Por meio de um instrumental analítico, o trabalho verifica as políticas florestais e seus resultados desde o Brasil colônia e as associam com os principais modelos existentes a cada período. O trabalho também analisa o processo de reflorestamento no Brasil, demonstrando que o mesmo não compensa a perda de florestas nativas. Ao seu final, o artigo discute algumas políticas que permitem o uso racional dos recursos florestais no Brasil sem impedir a expansão de outras atividades econômicas.This paper analyzes the use of forests in Brazil, pointing out the destruction of native forests and its unsustainable uses are due to development policies. The latter is connected with the main economic models that prevailed during each time period. The paper discusses about the importance of forests for a nation and it points out Brazil is worlds number one in losing forests, while other countries are increasing their forests. That deforestation is not necessary in order to keep Brazils agriculture growing. The paper makes an analysis of forest policies and their results along Brazils history. The paper also analyzed the reforestation in Brazil and shows it is not compensating the deforestation process. At the end, the paper suggests some policies that are able to keep the expansion of agriculture and to conserve native forests in Brazil

A determinação do preço de venda e de aluguel da terra na agricultura

This article develops statistics models to explain how the rent and selling land prices have been determined In the Brazilian Agriculture. It was used the concept that such prices are result of the intersection between the supply and demand curves for land rent and commercialization of land. The explanatory variables were selected from the reviewed bibliography. The models developed were applied to explain the behavior of the land values and rent prices in the agriculture in the state of Minas Gerais during the period between 1970 and 1985. The results obtained indicated a reasonable performance for the models.Este artigo desenvolve modelos estatísticos para explicar a determinação do preço de arrendamento e de venda da terra na agricultura brasileira. Utllizamos a concepção de que tais preços são determinados pelo cruzamento das curvas de oferta e de demanda de terra para arrendamento e compra e venda de terra. As variávels explicatlvas dessas demandas e ofertas foram selecionadas da literatura revisada. Os modelos desenvolvidos foram utilizados para explicar o comportamento do valor do aluguel e do preço de venda da terra na agricultura minelra de 1970 a 1985. Os resultados obtidos indlcaram um desempenho razoável desses modelos.

UMA ABORDAGEM ALTERNATIVA NA INTERPRETAÇÃO DA SUBSTITUIÇÃO DOS COLONOS PELOS TRABALHADORES ASSALARIADOS

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Evolução diferenciada da lavoura de soja e de seu processamento industrial no Brasil - período de 1970 a 1999

This paper analyzes the soybean crop modernization in Brazil as well as other aspects in relation to that activity. In order to do that analysis, 1975,1980,1985 and 1995's data sets are used into the factorial analysis. The Brazilian soybean areas were divided into three groups: traditional region, Center-Western region and Northeast region. The first region comprises of four states, and the second and third regions have four and two states, respectively. Twelve variables were defined and the main component method was applied. The Center Western region shows the largest values for modernization indicators. The Traditional region lost relative importance into the soybean farming and industrial processing during the time period from 1975 to 1995, when that crop had a larger expansion in the Center-Western region. However, the Traditional region kept modernizing its soybean plantation and held the large portion of industrial processing of soybean in 1995. The Northeast region has the smallest portion of Brazil's soybean plantation, however, that region holds high level of modernization in that crop, especially in the state ofBahia

Evolução diferenciada da lavoura de soja e de seu processamento industrial no Brasil - período de 1970 a 1999

This paper analyzes the soybean crop modernization in Brazil as well as other aspects in relation to that activity. In order to do that analysis, 1975,1980,1985 and 1995's data sets are used into the factorial analysis. The Brazilian soybean areas were divided into three groups: traditional region, Center-Western region and Northeast region. The first region comprises of four states, and the second and third regions have four and two states, respectively. Twelve variables were defined and the main component method was applied. The Center Western region shows the largest values for modernization indicators. The Traditional region lost relative importance into the soybean farming and industrial processing during the time period from 1975 to 1995, when that crop had a larger expansion in the Center-Western region. However, the Traditional region kept modernizing its soybean plantation and held the large portion of industrial processing of soybean in 1995. The Northeast region has the smallest portion of Brazil's soybean plantation, however, that region holds high level of modernization in that crop, especially in the state ofBahia

Exención tributaria en el Brasil en 2009: ¿por qué los vehículos y no el sector agropecuario? Un análisis del equilibrio general interregional

La exención tributaria se ha utilizado sistemáticamente en el Brasil para estimular la economía. En 2009, en un intento por contener la desaceleración económica, el Gobierno brasileño adoptó una política económica anticíclica, en la que se destacó la exención tributaria a los precios de los vehículos. ¿Por qué se escogió ese sector y no otro? Este artículo busca analizar los efectos de esa política sobre la economía brasileña en 2009, comparándola con una política de exención tributaria focalizada en el sector agropecuario. Sobre la base de un modelo de equilibrio general computable interregional (TERM-BR), se simulan y comparan las dos políticas de exenciones. Los resultados muestran que la reducción de tributos a los productos agropecuarios puede considerarse superior a la de los vehículos desde el punto de vista de sus efectos sobre el empleo, los ingresos, el consumo de las familias, el PIB y, especialmente, la distribución regional de la actividad económica y la distribución de los ingresos