Avaliação in vitro da microinfiltração marginal usando diferentes materiais retrobturadores

The objective of this study was to evaluate the apical leakage of retrograde cavities filled with Portland Cement (Concrebrás S/A-MG-Brazil), ProRoot MTA TM (Dentsply International, Johnson City, TN, USA) and Sealapex (Kerr Corporation, Orange, California, USA) with addition of zinc oxide (Odahcam Herpo Produtos Dentários Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil). Forty-two extracted single-rooted human teeth were decoronated and used for this study. The root canals were instrumented at 1.0mm short of the apical foramen using the step-back technique to an apical ISO size 60. The roots were obturated with gutta-percha points and sealer Sealapex (Kerr Corporation-USA) and then 3mm of each root apex was sectioned at a 90° angle. Ultrasonic retrograde preparation was performed with a diamond tip to 3mm depth and the roots were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the filling material: G1-Portland, G2-ProRoot MTA, G3- Sealapex zinc oxide-added cement. The root surfaces were covered with nail varnish up to 2mm from the apical foramen, immersed in simulated tissue fluid for 30 days, and then immersed in 0.2% Rhodamine B solution for 24 hours for evaluation of marginal leakage. The results showed mean leakage of 0.75, 0.35 and 0.35 for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively; however, Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that there was no statistically significant difference among the results (p>;0.05).Objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o selamento marginal de cavidades retroapicais obturadas com os cimentos Portland (Concrebrás S/A-MG-Brasil), MTA TM (Dentsply International, Johnson City, TN, EUA) e SealapexTM (Kerr Corporation, Orange, California, EUA) acrescido de óxido de zinco (Odahcam Herpo Produtos Dentários Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil). Foram utilizados 42 dentes unirradiculados humanos extraídos que, após a remoção de suas coroas, tiveram seus canais preparados a 1mm aquém do ápice radicular até o instrumento nº 60. Os canais foram obturados com cones de guta-percha e cimento SealapexTM e, em seguida, foi realizado o seccionamento de 3mm do ápice radicular em ângulo de 90º em relação ao longo eixo do dente. Foram preparadas cavidades retroapicais com ponta diamantada em ultrasom, a uma profundidade de 3mm, e as raízes foram divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de acordo com o material retrobturador: G1- Portland, G2 - MTA, G3 - Sealapex acrescido de óxido de zinco. As raízes foram impermeabilizadas externamente e imersas em fluido tissular simulado por 30 dias. Em cada grupo, 2 dentes serviram como controle positivo (não impermeabilização) e negativo (total impermeabilização). Os espécimes foram imersos em corante Rhodamina B 0,2% por 24 horas para avaliação da infiltração marginal. Os cimentos Portland, SealapexTM + óxido de zinco e MTA apresentaram média de infiltração de 0,75; 0,35 e 0,35mm respectivamente, não havendo diferenças estatísticas significantes entre eles (p>;0,05)

Subcutaneous tissue reaction to castor oil bean and calcium hydroxide in rats

Castor oil bean cement (COB) is a new material that has been used as an endodontic sealer, and is a candidate material for direct pulp capping. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a new formulation of COB compared to calcium hydroxide cement (CH) and a control group without any material, in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The materials were prepared, packed into polyethylene tubes, and implanted in the rat dorsal subcutaneous tissue. Animals were sacrificed at the 7th and 50th days after implantation. A quantitative analysis of inflammatory cells was performed and data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's tests at 5% significance level. RESULTS: Comparing the mean number of inflammatory cells between the two experimental groups (COB and CH) and the control group, statistically significant difference (p=0.0001) was observed at 7 and 50 days. There were no significant differences (p=0.111) between tissue reaction to CH (382 inflammatory cells) and COB (330 inflammatory cells) after 7 days. After 50 days, significantly more inflammatory cells (p=0.02) were observed in the CH group (404 inflammatory cells) than in the COB group (177 inflammatory cells). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the COB cement induces less inflammatory response within long periods

Effectiveness of carbamide peroxide and sodium perborate in non-vital discolored teeth

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of 16% carbamide peroxide gel (CP16%), tetrahydrate sodium perborate (SP) and mixture (CP16% + SP), in walking bleaching of non-vital discolored teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty single-rooted human premolars with intact crowns were used and initial color was assessed using Vita shade guide and standardized photos. The teeth were stained using rabbit fresh blood for 18 days and photos of discolored teeth and color evaluation were performed. The teeth were divided into 4 groups (n= 15), according to bleaching agent used: G1) CP16% gel; G2) CP16% gel + SP; G3) SP + distilled water; G4: control. The bleaching agents were replaced twice at 7-day intervals for 21 days. All teeth were evaluated by two endodontists at days 0, 7, 14 and 21 and the color changes were assessed using Vita shade guide and standardized photos. The results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (p=0.05). RESULTS: The experimental groups presented statistically similar bleaching results (p>;0.05) at the end of 7, 14 and 21 days. These groups presented significantly higher bleaching efficacy than control group (G4) (

Avaliação do pH das soluções de hipoclorito de sódio 1% e 2,5% e digluconato de clorexidina 2% em função do tempo

This study compared the pH values among 2% chlorexidine gluconate solution manipulated, and 1% and 2,5% sodium hypochlorite solution manipulated and commercial in different periods of time. Different concentrations and presentations were used (commercial or manipulated) of sodium hypochlorite and chlorexidine gluconate solutions. The pH of samples was measured by digital pHmetro submerging the electrode in 2ml of solution in intervals of 0, 1, 7, 14 and 30 days after opening of the flasks of solutions. The results were submitted to dispersion test (Minitab 1.4 version) and it was verified that commercial mark Carrefour presented higher pH values in relation to other solutions and that 2% chlorexidine (Byoformula) it showed small pH values in relation to all of tested solutions.. It concluded that: endodontic irrigants presented pH stability for 30 days and 2% chlorexidine solution showed the smallest pH values.Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar os valores de pH entre a solução de digluconato de clorexidina 2% manipulada, e o hipoclorito de sódio 1% e 2,5% manipulado e comercial em diferentes períodos de tempo. Foram utilizadas diferentes concentrações e apresentações (comerciais ou manipuladas) das soluções de hipoclorito de sódio e clorexidina. O pH das amostras foi aferido com um pHmetro digital submergindo o eletrodo em 2ml de cada solução em intervalos de 0, 1, 7, 14 e 30 dias após a abertura dos frascos das soluções. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de dispersão (Minitab versão 14) e verificou-se que a marca comercial Carrefour apresentou maiores valores de pH em relação às demais soluções e que a Clorexidina 2% (Byoformula) mostrou valores inferiores de pH em relação a todas as soluções testadas.. Conclui-se que as soluções irrigadoras testadas apresentaram estabilidade de pH durante 30 dias e a solução de clorexidina 2% mostrou os menores valores de pH

What is the preferred concentration of ethanolamine oleate for sclerotherapy of oral vascular anomalies?

This study compared three different concentrations of EO (1.25%, 2.5% and 5%) for the treatment of oral vascular anomalies (OVAs). This was a retrospective comparative analysis of patients with OVAs treated with EO. Anomalies smaller than 20 mm were included. The patients were treated with 1.25% (G1), 2.5% (G2), and 5% (G3) and clinical data were obtained. The number of sessions, the final volume and dose of EO were statistically analyzed to verify effectiveness and safety of the treatment. The different concentrations of EO were compared considering the number of sessions, the final volume and total dose of EO. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to evaluate the influence of covariates on the outcomes. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Nineteen women and 11 men with a median age of 54 years were included. The OVAs were most frequent in the lip (n=14) and cheek (n=9). All lesions exhibited complete clinical healing within 28 days. Patients of G3 required fewer sessions than those of G2 (p=0.017), a lower final volume compared to the other groups (p<0.001), and a lower total dose than G1 (p<0.001). Patients of G1 used a lower total dose than G2 (p=0.003). The concentration of 5% EO performed better than 1.25% and 2.5% for sclerotherapy of OVAs measuring up to 20 mm. This preliminary result should be the preferred concentration of EO to provide an effective and safe treatment of OVAs

Salmonella enterica serotypes from human and nonhuman sources in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, 2004-2020

Salmonellosis ranks among the most frequently reported zoonosis worldwide and is often associated with foodborne outbreaks. Since the 1950s, the distribution of Salmonella serotypes in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, has been documented and periodically reported. In this study, we updated the data on the distribution of Salmonella serotypes received in our reference laboratory, isolated from human infections and nonhuman sources, from 2004 to 2020. In that period, a total of 9,014 Salmonella isolates were analyzed, of which 3,553 (39.4%) were recovered from human samples, mainly of stool (65%) and blood (25.6%), and 5,461 (60.6%) were isolated from nonhuman origins, such as animals (47.2%), food (27.7%) and animal environments (18.6%). In human isolates, a total of 104 serotypes were identified and the most frequent ones were Enteritidis, Typhimurium, S . I. 4,[5],12:i:-, Dublin and Typhi. A consistent reduction of the Enteritidis proportion was observed over the years. Among the 156 serotypes identified in isolates with nonhuman origins, Enteritidis, Mbandaka, Typhimurium, Agona and Anatum were ranked as the top five Salmonella serotypes; in more recent years, S . Heidelberg has increased in frequency. Although with different proportions, the top 10 prevalent serotypes were identified in both human and nonhuman origins, underscoring the role of animals, food products and environment as reservoirs of Salmonella with potential to cause human salmonellosis

In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of N-acetylcysteine and Photodynamic Therapy on Root Canals Infected with Enterococcus faecalis

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), photodynamic therapy (PDT) and NAC with supplemental PDT in optimizing the removal of bacteria from infected dentinal tubules of root canals infected with Enterococcus (E.) faecalis biofilm. Methods and Materials: Eighty human teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=16) according to the intracanal medication used: saline solution (control); calcium hydroxide (CH); NAC; PDT; NAC+PDT. Ten samples from each group were prepared for microbiological culture analysis (CFU/mL) and were inoculated with E. faecalis suspension for 21 days for biofilm development; the other six samples from each group were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and submitted to a 5-days contamination protocol including eight centrifugation cycles on every other day for dentinal tubules infection. For antimicrobial activity analysis by microbiological culture, the root canals were contaminated with E. faecalis biofilm, instrumented and then medicated according to the experimental groups. Three samples were collected from the root canals: after 21-days of contamination, immediately after the instrumentation and 14-days after the medication according to the experimental groups. The morphology of E. faecalis biofilm on the root canal walls and bacterial cells viability were assessed by means of SEM and CLSM, respectively. One-way ANOVA and Repeated Measures ANOVA tests were used to analyze the obtained data statistically. Results: CFU/mL analysis showed that CH, NAC and NAC+PDT promoted greater antibacterial activity with statistically significant difference compared to saline solution and PDT (P&lt;0.0001). However, saline solution and PDT were statistically similar. Illustrative images by SEM confirmed partially the CFU/mL results. CLSM showed that all groups were effective eliminating E. faecalis except for the saline solution group. Conclusions: Based on this in vitro study NAC was bactericidal against E. faecalis biofilms regardless PDT stimulation, presenting similar antimicrobial activity to CH

Antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite associated with intracanal medication for Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis inoculated in root canals

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the action of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with an intracanal medication against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis inoculated in root canals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six human single-rooted teeth with single root canals were used. The canals were contaminated with C. albicans and E. faecalis for 21 days and were then instrumented with 1% NaOCl. The roots were divided into 3 groups (n=12) according to the intracanal medication applied: calcium hydroxide paste, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel, and 2% CHX gel associated with calcium hydroxide. The following collections were made from the root canals: a) initial sample (IS): 21 days after contamination (control), b) S1: after instrumentation, c) S2: 14 days after intracanal medication placement; S3: 7 days after intracanal medication removal. The results were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% significance level. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Both 1% NaOCl irrigation and the intracanal medications were effective in eliminating E. faecalis and C. albicans inoculated in root canals