Influence of CYP1A1*2C on High Triglyceride Levels in Female Mexican Indigenous Tarahumaras

Background and Aims High triglyceride levels are closely related to cardiovascular disease. Its development lays on age, diet, physical activity, ethnicity and genetic factors. Among the last, the CYP1A1*2C allele has an influence on the metabolism of cholesterol and other fatty acids. We undertook this study to determine the frequency of CYP1A1*2C and its association with triglyceride levels in Mexican indigenous Tarahumaras and Tepehuanos. Methods Anthropometric and biochemical data were recorded. Genotyping of CYP1A1*2C by RT-PCR was done in 110 Tepehuano, 69 Tarahumara and 64 Mestizo. Results Significant differences in age, waist diameter, BMI, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and VLDL measurements were found between Tarahumaras and Tepehuanos (p <0.05). Additionally, Tarahumara women showed the highest values of waist diameter, BMI and triglycerides (p <0.05). It was found that Tarahumaras showed a significant association between high triglyceride levels and CYP1A1*2C allele (OR = 2.57; 95% CI 1.12–5.88, p = 0.024) under a recessive inheritance model. However, the Tepehuano group showed a significant protective association between normal triglyceride levels and CYP1A1*2C polymorphism (OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.10–0.80, p = 0.015) following a dominant inheritance model. The same pattern was observed after analysis with females of both ethnicities. Conclusion A significant association between CYP1A1*2C and high triglyceride levels in Amerindian Tarahumaras from Chihuahua has been found; this allele was significantly associated with normal triglyceride levels in Tepehuanos from Durango, Mexico. Further studies are needed to elucidate the genetic role of CYP1A1 in cardiovascular disease susceptibility

Antiobesity and Hypoglycaemic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Ibervillea sonorae in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet with Fructose

Obesity, type II diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia, which frequently coexist and are strongly associated with oxidative stress, increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. An increase in carbohydrate intake, especially of fructose, and a high-fat diet are both factors that contribute to the development of these metabolic disorders. In recent studies carried out in diabetic rats, authors reported that Ibervillea sonorae had hypoglycaemic activity; saponins and monoglycerides present in the plant could be responsible for the effects observed. In the present study, we determined the effects of an aqueous I. sonorae extract on a murine model of obesity and hyperglycaemia, induced by a high-calorie diet, and the relationship of these effects with hepatic oxidation. A high-fat diet over a period of 8 weeks induced weight gain in the mice and increased triglycerides and blood glucose levels. Simultaneous treatment with I. sonorae aqueous extracts, at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, decreased triglycerides and glycaemia levels, prevented an increase in body weight in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased hepatic lipid oxidation at a dose of 200 mg/kg. These data suggest that the aqueous extract from I. sonorae root prevents obesity, dyslipidaemia, and hyperglycaemia induced by a hypercaloric diet; however, high doses may induce toxicity

Micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in Mexico’s indigenous population

Objective. To determine the number of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in Mexico’s indigenous population. Materials and methods. One hundred twenty indigenous individuals were evaluated, including thirty from the ethnicities Cora, Huichol, Tarahumara and Tepehuano. The number of micronuclei (MN) and any nuclear abnormality (NA) in oral mucosa cells, including cells with nuclear buds, binucleated cells, cells with karyolysis, karyorrhetic, condensed chromatin and pyknotic cells were determined for each participant. Results. Tepehuano and Tarahumaras showed the greatest damage to DNA. The Tepehuano group presented the highest number of MN and NA, this being a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with the rest of the studied groups. This group also presented the highest herbicide exposure (46.7%). In relation to the smoking and drinking habits, these were more frequent in the Tarahumara group (33.3 and 50% respectively). Conclusion. The ethnic diversity, habits and customs may influence the DNA nuclear integrity in the Amerindian groups

A shortened treatment with rosemary tea (rosmarinus officinalis) instead of glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (TSD)

Background Rosemary leaves powder has been reported to reduce in a dose-dependent manner, glucose levels, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in humans. However, patients should ingest high doses of powder contained in capsules. This formulation constitutes the intake of 10 capsules per day, so the active metabolite must first, be released and then absorbed (for which, rosemary leaf powder must be mixed with gastric juice). Aim Evaluate whether a shortened dose and time of treatment as well as the pharmaceutical presentation in rosemary tea (Rosmarinus officinalis) instead of powder have a therapeutic effect in the treatment of T2D. Method The complementary therapy with Rosemary tea (2g/1 litre of water per day) were evaluate on resistance to insulin, oxidative stress, biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements in forty patients T2D under treatment with metformin and/or glibenclamide afther giving your authorization through informed consent

Vinculación de la Unidad Académica del Norte del Estado de Nayarit con organismos del sector público de la Zona Norte del Estado de Nayarit

La presente investigación pretende difundir los resultados del trabajo académico, y de investigación de la actividad turística, que fortalezcan la vinculación interinstitucional a nivel zona Norte del Estado de Nayarit con el sector público de los municipios de Acaponeta, Tecuala y Huajicori; que coadyuve a ser más competitivo este sector

Influence of Genetic Admixture Components on CYP3A5*3 Allele-Associated Hypertension in Amerindian Populations From Northwest Mexico

CYP3A5 metabolizes endogenous substrates and ~30% of prescription drugs. The CYP3A5 gene contains an active CYP3A5*1 allele, and a non-functional version, the CYP3A5*3 (rs776746), with consequences for drug therapeutic responses and side effects. Both CYP3A5*1 and *3 have been associated with hypertension. The frequency of CYP3A5*3 varies between populations of different ancestries, with Europeans having the highest allele frequency (> 90%). Given the importance of CYP3A5*3 in drug response and hypertension development, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of this polymorphism and its association with hypertension in vulnerable indigenous populations in Mexico. A total of 372 subjects were recruited from eight ethnic groups in Northwest Mexico. Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and median (MBP) blood pressures as well as body mass index (BMI) were measured. Ancestry was evaluated through STR analysis, and the CYP3A5*1/*3 polymorphisms were identified using real-time PCR with TaqMan® probes. Higher frequencies of CYP3A5*1 and *3 were observed in groups with higher (>90%) and lower (<90%) Amerindian ancestry, respectively. The CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype was more frequent in indigenous women with higher SBP and DBP values. On the other hand, the *1 allele showed a protective effect against both high SBP (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.17–0.83, p = 0.001) and DBP (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.81, p = 0.007) in women. This association remained significant after adjusting for BMI and age for diastolic (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.17–0.84, p = 0.011) and systolic BP (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.15–0.76, p = 0.005) BP levels in women. Thus, the frequency of CYP3A5*3 varies between groups and seems to depend on ancestry, and CYP3A5*1 decreases the risk of hypertension in Mexican indigenous women. This population analysis of CYP3A5*1/*3 has profound implications not only for the susceptibility to diseases, such as hypertension, but also for safer drug administration regimens, assuring better therapeutic responses and fewer side effects

Genomic Instability Decreases in HIV Patient by Complementary Therapy with Rosmarinus officinalis Extracts

Genomic instability is associated with increased oxidative stress in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intake of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis on genomic instability in HIV patients. We studied 67 HIV patients under pharmacological treatment with ATRIPLA who were divided into three groups: group 1, patients under ATRIPLA antiretroviral therapy; group 2, patients with ATRIPLA and rosemary aqueous extract (4 g/L per day); and group 3, patients with ATRIPLA and rosemary methanolic extract (400 mg/day). The genomic instability was evaluated through the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Oral epithelial cells were taken at the beginning and 1 and 4 months later. The groups that received the pharmacological therapy with ATRIPLA and the complementary therapy with R. officinalis extracts showed a decrease in the number of cells with micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities compared with the group that only received ATRIPLA. The complementary therapy with R. officinalis decreased the genomic instability in HIV patients

Association of the 5HTTLPR Polymorphism with Obesity in Mexican Women with High Native American Ancestry

Aims: The 5HTT gene has been associated with obesity; this study aimed to determine the association between L- and S-alleles at the 5HTTLPR polymorphism with obesity in indigenous Mexican populations. Materials and Methods: A total of 362 individuals, 289 belonging to eight Native American (NA) groups; 40 Mexican mestizos; and 33 Caucasian Mennonites were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. High (≥90%) and low (30 kg/m2 was considered as obese. The L- and S-alleles of the 5HTTLPR locus were identified by PCR; the association between alleles and obesity was performed by logistic regression analysis. Results: A significantly lower prevalence of obesity (35%) was observed in participants from communities with high NA ancestry (p < 0.005). Under a dominant heritance model the L-allele was associated with obesity in women with high NA ancestry (odds ratio [OR] 7.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6–32.5; p = 0.009) but not in women with low NA ancestry (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.3–2.2; p = 0.71); no association was observed in men. Conclusion:Our results suggest that the 5HTTLPR L-allele is a risk factor for developing obesity in Mexican women with high NA ancestry (≥90%)

Genomic Ancestry, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 Among Latin Americans

We present the distribution of CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 variants and predicted phenotypes in 33 native and admixed populations from Ibero-America (n > 6,000) in the context of genetic ancestry (n = 3,387). Continental ancestries are the major determinants of frequencies of the increased-activity allele CYP2C19*17 and CYP2C19 gUMs (negatively associated with Native American ancestry), decreased-activity alleles CYP2D6*41 and CYP2C9*2 (positively associated with European ancestry), and decreased-activity alleles CYP2D6*17 and CYP2D6*29 (positively associated with African ancestry). For the rare alleles, CYP2C9*2 and CYPC19*17, European admixture accounts for their presence in Native American populations, but rare alleles CYP2D6*5 (null-activity), CYP2D6-multiplication alleles (increased activity), and CYP2C9*3 (decreased-activity) were present in the pre-Columbian Americas. The study of a broad spectrum of Native American populations from different ethno-linguistic groups show how autochthonous diversity shaped the distribution of pharmaco-alleles and give insights on the prevalence of clinically relevant phenotypes associated with drugs, such as paroxetine, tamoxifen, warfarin, and clopidogrel