Estudio teórico de propiedades fisicoquímicas de compuestos de interés farmacológico

Las leucemias agudas son enfermedades hematológicas malignas que resultan de la alteración en la proliferación y diferenciación de un grupo de células inmaduras, de origen mieloide o linfoide, hasta reemplazar completamente la médula ósea. La pérdida de la médula ósea y sangre periférica normal, produce los síntomas característicos y, sin tratamiento, la muerte ocurre en pocos meses. Desde el punto de vista de laboratorio, se habla de leucemia cuando la población de células inmaduras (blastos) corresponde a más de un 20% de las células en una muestra, ya sea mielograma o biopsia de médula ósea. No existe una sola etiología que dé cuenta de todas las leucemias, sino que se postulan varios mecanismos que podrían llevar a su producción; dentro de éstos, podemos citar: alteraciones genéticas, exposición a radiación, químicos y virus. Una de ellas, la leucemia mieloide crónica o leucemia granulocítica crónica, es aquélla que se manifiesta con aumento de la producción de glóbulos blancos en la médula ósea. Como la médula tiene la función de producir las células de la sangre (blancas, rojas y plaquetas), en ella se encuentran las células jóvenes no diferenciadas aún en leucocitos, hematíes o plaquetas. En la leucemia, los blastos (células inmaduras) que se están transformando en leucocitos polimorfonucleares (granulocitos) no maduran y son muy numerosos y por ello aparecen en la sangre.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Photo release of nitrous oxide from the hyponitrite ion studied by infrared spectroscopy: evidence for the generation of a cobalt-N2O complex: experimental and DFT calculations

The solid state photolysis of sodium, silver and thallium hyponitrite (M2N2O2, M = Na, Ag, Tl) salts and a binuclear complex of cobalt bridged by hyponitrite ([Co(NH3)5-N(O)-NO-Co(NH3)5]4+) were studied by irradiationwith visible and UV light in the electronic absorption region. The UV–visible spectra for free hyponitrite ion and binuclear complex of cobalt were interpreted in terms of Density Functional Theory calculations in order to explain photolysis behavior. The photolysis of each compound depends selectively on the irradiation wavelength. Irradiation with 340–460 nm light and with the 488 nm laser line generates photolysis only in silver and thallium hyponitrite salts, while 253.7 nm light photolyzed all the studied compounds. Infrared spectroscopy was used to followthe photolysis process and to identify the generated products. Remarkably, gaseous N2Owas detected after photolysis in the infrared spectra of sodium, silver, and thalliumhyponitrite KBr pellets. The spectra for [Co(NH3)5-N(O)-NO-Co(NH3)5]4+ suggest that one cobalt ion remains bonded toN2O from which the generation of a [(NH3)5CoNNO]+3 complex is inferred. Density Functional Theory (DFT) based calculations confirm the stability of this last complex and provide the theoretical data which are used in the interpretation of the electronic spectra of the hyponitrite ion and the cobalt binuclear complex and thus in the elucidation of their photolysis behavior. Carbonate ion is also detected after photolysis in all studied compounds, presumably due to the reaction of atmospheric CO2 with the microcrystal surface reaction products. Kinetic measurements for the photolysis of the binuclear complex suggest a first order law for the intensity decay of the hyponitrite IR bands and for the intensity increase in the N2O generation. Predicted and experimental data are in very good agreement.Centro de Química Inorgánic

Prevalência de infecção em unidades de terapia intensiva de um hospital escola terciário

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence rates of infections among intensive care unit patients, the predominant infecting organisms, and their resistance patterns. To identify the related factors for intensive care unit-acquired infection and mortality rates. DESIGN: A 1-day point-prevalence study. SETTING:A total of 19 intensive care units at the Hospital das Clínicas - University of São Paulo, School of Medicine (HC-FMUSP), a teaching and tertiary hospital, were eligible to participate in the study. PATIENTS: All patients over 16 years old occupying an intensive care unit bed over a 24-hour period. The 19 intensive care unit s provided 126 patient case reports. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of infection, antimicrobial use, microbiological isolates resistance patterns, potential related factors for intensive care unit-acquired infection, and death rates. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients were studied. Eighty-seven patients (69%) received antimicrobials on the day of study, 72 (57%) for treatment, and 15 (12%) for prophylaxis. Community-acquired infection occurred in 15 patients (20.8%), non- intensive care unit nosocomial infection in 24 (33.3%), and intensive care unit-acquired infection in 22 patients (30.6%). Eleven patients (15.3%) had no defined type. The most frequently reported infections were respiratory (58.5%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae (33.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus (16.9%; [100% resistant to methicillin]). Multivariate regression analysis revealed 3 risk factors for intensive care unit-acquired infection: age >; 60 years (p = 0.007), use of a nasogastric tube (p = 0.017), and postoperative status (p = 0.017). At the end of 4 weeks, overall mortality was 28.8%. Patients with infection had a mortality rate of 34.7%. There was no difference between mortality rates for infected and noninfected patients (p=0.088). CONCLUSION: The rate of nosocomial infection is high in intensive care unit patients, especially for respiratory infections. The predominant bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (resistant organisms). Factors such as nasogastric intubation, postoperative status, and age ³60 years were significantly associated with infection. This study documents the clinical impression that prevalence rates of intensive care unit-acquired infections are high and suggests that preventive measures are important for reducing the occurrence of infection in critically ill patients.OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de infecções em pacientes de Terapia Intensiva, os agentes infecciosos mais comuns e seus padrões de resistência. Identificar os fatores relacionados a infecção adquirida na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e as taxas de mortalidade. DESENHO: Estudo de prevalência de um dia. LOCAL:Um total de 19 Unidades de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP (HC-FMUSP) participaram do estudo. PACIENTES: Todos os pacientes com idade superior a 16 anos internados em leitos de terapia intensiva por mais de 24 horas foram incluídos. As 19 Unidades de Terapia Intensiva forneceram 126 casos. VARIÁVEIS:Taxas de infecção, uso de antibióticos, padrões de resistência microbiológica, fatores relacionados à infecção adquirida na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, taxas de mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Um total de 126 pacientes foi estudado. Oitenta e sete (69%) receberam antibióticos no dia do estudo, sendo 72 (57%) para tratamento e 15 (12%) para profilaxia. Baseado no tipo, observou-se que a infecção adquirida na comunidade ocorreu em 15 pacientes (20,8%), infecção hospitalar fora da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva em 24 (33,3%), e infecção adquirida na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva em 22 pacientes (30,6%). Para 11 pacientes (15,3%) não se definiu o tipo de infecção. Quanto ao sítio de infecção, as respiratórias foram as infecções mais comuns (58,5%). Os agentes mais freqüentemente isolados foram: Enterobacteriaceae (33,8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26,4%) e Staphylococcus aureus (16,9%; 100% meticilina-resistentes). Análise multivariada identificou 3 fatores associados à infecção adquirida na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: idade maior ou igual a 60 anos (p=0,007), uso de sonda nasogástrica (p=0,017) e pós-operatório (p=0,017). Ao final de quatro semanas, a taxa de mortalidade foi de 28,8%. Entre os infectados, a mortalidade foi de 34,7%. Não houve diferença entre as taxas de mortalidade para pacientes infectados e não-infectados (p=0,088). CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de infecção é alta entre os pacientes de terapia intensiva, especialmente as infecções respiratórias. As bactérias predominantes foram: Enterobacteriaceae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus (agentes resistentes). Fatores como uso de sonda nasogástrica, pós-operatório e idade maior ou igual a 60 anos mostraram associação com infecção. Este estudo documenta a impressão clínica de que a prevalência de infecção adquirida na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva é alta e sugere que medidas preventivas são importantes para reduzir a ocorrência de infecção em pacientes críticos

PANORAMA DO AGRONEGÓCIO DE FLORES E PLANTAS ORNAMENTAIS NO BRASIL

O presente artigo, com base em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, traça um panorama do agronegócio de flores e plantas ornamentais no Brasil. Ressalta os principais aspectos do setor como produção, mercado consumidor e dificuldades. A floricultura vem se expandindo consideravelmente, antes restrita a região Sudeste, principalmente no Estado de São Paulo, hoje se encontra em todas as regiões do País, graças ao trabalho de diversas Instituições que acreditam no potencial desse segmento. Um dos aspectos que contribui para a expansão são as condições climáticas do Brasil que favorece o cultivo de flores de clima temperado e tropical. Em função dessa diversidade climática é possível produzir internamente flores, folhagens e outros derivados, todos os dias do ano a um custo reduzido. O agronegócio de flores e plantas ornamentais consolida-se como atividade econômica representativa na economia brasileira. O potencial de geração de ocupação e renda desse setor é significativo, destaca-se por empregar em média, de 10 a 15 funcionários por hectare, superando em dez vezes outros cultivos e gera 120 mil empregos diretos e indiretos. Apesar do grande potencial da floricultura, a consolidação desse setor depende de medidas para ampliar o hábito de consumo de flores pelos brasileiros e melhoria na infra-estrutura logística. --------------------------------------------The present article, on a bibliographical search basis, traces an ornamental flowers agribusiness panorama in Brazil. It shows up the main aspects of the sector as production, consuming market an difficulties. The flower business is considerably expanding, at first restricted to Southeastern region, especially in São Paulo State, nowadays it is found in all country regions and favored to diverse institutions interests that believe in this potential segment. One of the aspects that contribute for the expansion in Brazil is the tempering climatic condition and tropical climate, which favors the flower culture. In function of this climatic diversity it is possible to produce flowers, foliages and other derivatives every day of the year to a reduced cost. Flowers and ornamental plants are consolidating as representative economic activities in Brazilian economy. The potential of occupation of this sector is significant, it distinguishes in average over 10 to 15 employees for hectare, surpassing in ten times other cultivars and it also generates a 120 thousand directed an indirect jobs. Despite the great potential of the business flower, the consolidation of this sector depends on measures to extend the Brazilians flowers consumption habit an also the improvement in the logistic infrastructure.flores, plantas ornamentais, agronegócio, mercado de flores, produção de flores, Flowers, ornamental plants, agribusiness, flower market, flower prodution, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries,

Análise térmica diferencial em amostras de carvão catarinense

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Físico-Química, Florianópolis, 1977

Infection as an independent risk factor for mortality in the surgical intensive care unit

OBJECTIVES: Medical and surgical intensive care unit patients represent two different populations and require different treatment approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the parameters associated with mortality in medical and surgical intensive care units. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to a medical and surgical intensive care unit teaching hospital over an 11-month period. Factors associated with mortality were explored using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In total, 827 admissions were observed, and 525 patients >;18 years old and with a length of stay >;24 h were analyzed. Of these patients, 227 were in the medical and 298 were in the surgical intensive care unit. The surgical patients were older (

Au large de Ersa – Épave Ouest-Giraglia 2

La seconde campagne de fouille programmée pluriannuelle sur l’épave à dolia Ouest-Giraglia 2 (EA 1169), située par 34 m de profondeur à l’extrémité du Cap Corse, a été conduite par une équipe pluridisciplinaire de 18 personnes associant des archéologues professionnels à des plongeurs bénévoles expérimentés et des professionnels de la plongée. La campagne 2011 a été menée à partir du navire Brezehan command. par B. Corbasson, avec le support du semi-rigide Tounga du Drassm. L’objectif de la ca..

Fatores associados ao início da vida sexual e o uso de preservativo entre adolescentes da Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde, África Ocidental

Foram analisados fatores associados ao início da vida sexual de adolescentes na Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde, segundo sexo. Estudo realizado com amostra probabilística e representativa de 768 adolescentes, age 13-17 anos, de escolas secundárias públicas da Ilha de Santiago em 2007. A associação foi testada pelo teste de proporção, qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Fisher e regressão logística. Nos rapazes, os fatores associados ao início da vida sexual foram: idade maior que 14 anos, ser católico e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. Para meninas: escolaridade maior que nove anos e ter parceiro afetivo-sexual. Ao contrário de outros contextos da África Subsaariana, foram constatadas taxas elevadas de uso de preservativo por adolescentes no início da vida sexual. Os adolescentes podem iniciar a vida sexual de maneira mais segura se tiverem informação, educação sexual e acesso a métodos de prevenção à gravidez e às DST. Este artigo oferece elementos para a reflexão sobre o delineamento de políticas de redução da vulnerabilidade dos jovens às DST/AIDS e sobre os limites e desafios da promoção do uso do preservativo e educação sexual, focando as relações desiguais de gêneroThe current study focuses on factors associated with sexual initiation and condom use among teenagers on Santiago Island, Cape Verde, according to gender. This was a representative, probabilistic sample of 13-to-17-year-olds (n = 768) attending public secondary schools on Santiago Island in 2007. Associations were tested by test of proportion, Pearson's chi-square, or Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. Factors related to sexual initiation among boys were: age over 14 years, Catholic religion, and alcohol consumption. For girls, the factors included: > 9 years of schooling and involvement in an affective-sexual relationship. Unlike other Sub-Saharan countries, this study showed a high prevalence of condom use during initial sexual activity. Adolescents are able to safely begin sexually active life if they have access to information, sex education, and other STD prevention and contraceptive methods. This study provides insights on the development of policies to reduce the vulnerability of the young population to STD/AIDS and the limits and challenges related to the promotion of condom use and sex education, focusing on unequal gender relation

15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) Induces Apoptosis And Upregulates Socs3 In Human Thyroid Cancer Cells

The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) is a natural ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) and a potential mediator of apoptosis in Cancer Cells. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of 15d-PGJ(2) in human thyroid papillary carcinoma cells (TPC-1) using different doses of 15d-PGJ(2) (0.6 to 20 mu M) to determine IC50 (9.3 mu M) via the MTT assay. The supernatant culture medium of the TPC-1 cells that was treated either with 15d-PGJ(2) or with vehicle (control) for 24 hours was assessed for IL-6 secretion via CBA assay. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of IL-6, SOCS1, SOCS3, and STAT3. TPC-1 cells treated with 15d-PGJ(2) decreased the secretion and expression of IL-6 and STAT3, while it increased SOCS1 and SOCS3. Overall, we demonstrated that 15d-PGJ(2) downregulated IL-6 signaling pathway and led TPC-1 cells into apoptosis. In conclusion, 15d-PGJ(2) shows the potential to become a new therapeutic approach for thyroid tumors