Super-activation of quantum non-locality

In this paper we show that quantum non-locality can be super-activated. That is, one can obtain violations of Bell inequalities by tensorizing a local state with itself. Moreover, previous results suggest that such Bell violations can be very large.Comment: v2: Refs added. Same results, v3: Minor corrections. Close to the published versio

Práticas de uso de dados de professores de ciências: Uma análise descritiva

There is a debate on students’ low science achievement in the United States, particularly among low income, African American students, and Latino students. An important part of the education community’s response to low achievement generally and in science specifically has been the implementation of high stakes accountability policies. Because of accountability’s emphasis on educator data use, much research has examined different facets of it throughout educational organizations, but research has not focused on the extent to which data use might be content-specific. The purpose of this paper, then, was to investigate the data use practices of science teachers. Drawing from a broader study of science teachers in grades 5-8 across six school districts, this study reports results from teacher surveys and interviews. The findings indicate that while there were examples of science-specific data use, most of the science teachers used data in ways consistent with previous content-agnostic research. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed. Há um debate sobre o baixo desempenho dos estudantes em ciências nos Estados Unidos, particularmente entre alunos de baixa renda, afro-americanos e latinos. Uma parte importante da resposta da comunidade educativa para o baixo desempenho geral e em ciências especificamente tem sido a implementação de políticas de responsabilidades de altos riscos. Por causa da ênfase de responsabilidade em uso de dados do educador, muitas pesquisas examinaram diferentes facetas disto através de organizações educacionais, mas a pesquisa não focou na medica em que o uso de dados pode ser de conteúdo específico. O propósito deste artigo, então, era de investigar as práticas de uso de dados dos professores de ciências. A partir de um estudo mais amplo de professores de ciências na 5 à 8 série em seis distritos escolares, este estudo relata resultados de pesquisas e entrevistas de professores. Os resultados indicam que, enquanto há exemplos de uso de dados específicos em ciências, a maioria dos professores de ciências usaram dados de maneiras consistentes com pesquisas anteriores de conteúdo agnóstico. Implicações para futuras pesquisas, políticas e praticas são discutidos

Migration, Intensification, and Diversification as Adaptive Strategies

Agent-based modeling (ABM) has transformed the century-old field of mechanistic migration modeling, by shifting the unit of analysis from the city (in the gravity model) to the individual decision maker. Various efforts over the past decade have leveraged ABM tools to integrate competing labor opportunities, climatic shocks, and sharing across networks into decision-based models of migration patterns. We present the MIDAS (Migration, Intensification, and Diversification as Adaptive Strategies) framework, which draws on the ‘push-pull-mooring’ (PPM) theory of migration to integrate the influences of social networks, climatic shifts, and opportunities for livelihoods diversification on migration in a single framework. We demonstrate some of the strategic responses to opportunities that are possible in a true PPM modeling framework, including substitution of income streams, the choice to specialize or diversify, as well as to migrate in response to shocks. We observe what may be the emergence of a distinct class of agents within one of our experiments, highlighting the value of tools like MIDAS to capture migration and adaptive behaviors under conditions for which analogs do not yet exist in census datasets or otherwise. Importantly, we show how adaptation decisions depend strongly on a small number of behavioral parameters, key among them preferences for risk, for different forms of utility, and for time

Evaluación de gel formulado a base de extracto hidroalcohólico del fruto de la papaya (Carica papaya L.) en el tratamiento de las úlceras por presión de estadío I y II

Se evaluó el efecto de gel formulado a base de extracto hidroalcohólico del fruto de la papaya (Carica papaya L.), sobre las úlceras por presión a nivel de coxis, en 35 voluntarios de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre 50 y 70 años, todos residentes en la ciudad de Lima (Perú). La aplicación y seguimiento farmacológico se realizó una vez al día durante un mes y la medición de las heridas cada semana; la cantidad aplicada varió según la extensión y estadío de la úlcera; se excluyó la utilización de cualquier otro preparado convencional. El ensayo, previo consentimiento informado, mostró tener efecto en el proceso de cicatrización y regeneración del tejido comprometido por la úlcera por presión. El 60,00% fue evaluado como excelente, el 25,00% como bueno y el 15,00% como regular. Los histogramas y gráficos lineales fueron trabajados en IBM SPSS 21, en los cuales se observa la dispersión de los datos y el comportamiento de la variable tamaño, que muestra un notable decrecimiento. Se concluye que el fruto de la papaya es una fuente de materia prima natural, de bajo costo, que eleva la calidad de atención en enfermería en el tratamiento de las úlceras por presión de estadío I y II.Palabras Clave: Gel de papaya, úlceras por presión, cicatrización.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2013.v16i2.0

Examining if there is a differential association between smoking and chronic disease across socioeconomic groups: pooling of data from 15 prospective cohort studies

Background: For the same quantity of cigarettes smoked, relative to the more affluent, socioeconomically disadvantaged people have higher levels of smoking biomarkers. This may be ascribed to inhaling cigarette smoke more deeply and more frequently, and/or choosing higher tar-containing brands. We investigated if this increased tobacco load, as captured using cotinine, is associated with a greater risk of mortality in lower social groups. Methods: We used Cox proportional hazards models stratified by socioeconomic position to calculate hazard ratios in a pooled sample of 15 English and Scottish prospective cohort studies (N=81476). Results: During a mean (SD) follow-up of 10.3 (4.4) years, 8234 deaths occurred. Risk of total mortality (Hazards Ratio; 95% confidence interval) for smokers relative to never-smokers in the high (2.5; 2.1, 3.1), intermediate (2.1; 1.8, 2.4), and low (2.0; 1.9, 2.2) educational groups did not differ markedly (p for interaction=0.61). Similar findings emerged when using cause-specific outcomes, and occupational social class and housing tenure as socioeconomic indices. Conclusion: Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no indication that disadvantaged people were more vulnerable to the impact of smoking on chronic disease mortality

Testing Differential Associations Between Smoking and Chronic Disease Across Socioeconomic Groups: Pooled Data From 15 Prospective Studies.

BACKGROUND: For the same quantity of cigarettes smoked, relative to more affluent people, socioeconomically disadvantaged people have higher levels of smoking biomarkers. This may be ascribed to inhaling cigarette smoke more deeply and more frequently and/or choosing higher tar-containing brands. We investigated whether this increased tobacco load, as captured using cotinine measurements, is associated with a greater risk of mortality in lower social groups. METHODS: We used Cox proportional hazards models stratified by socioeconomic position to calculate hazard ratios in a pooled sample of 15 English and Scottish prospective cohort studies (N = 81,476). RESULTS: During a mean (SD) follow-up of 10.3 (4.4) years, 8234 deaths occurred. Risk of total mortality (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval) for smokers relative to never-smokers in the high (2.5; 2.1, 3.1), intermediate (2.1; 1.8, 2.4), and low (2.0; 1.9, 2.2) educational groups did not differ markedly (P for interaction=0.61). Similar findings emerged when using cause-specific outcomes and occupational social class and housing tenure as socioeconomic indices. CONCLUSION: Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no indication that chronic disease mortality associated with smoking was higher in disadvantaged people

BARRANQUILLA Y LA MODERNIZACIÓN DEL DELTA DEL RÍO MAGDALENA (1842-1935)

Este ensayo hace parte de un capítulo de la tesis doctoral –de carácter histórico– en desarrollo, titulada Barranquilla procesos de modernización y movimiento moderno en arquitectura, del programa de Doctorado en Arte y Arquitectura de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, y describe cómo el delta del Río Magdalena fue transformado físicamente, desde mediados del siglo XIX, para convertir su maleable geografía en un territorio que facilitara los procesos de modernización que requería Colombia en ese entonces, para mejorar la movilidad, incrementar el volumen de carga y potenciar el comercio internacional. A su paso, la construcción del ferrocarril, los tajamares de Bocas de Ceniza y la llegada de la aviación permitieron a Barranquilla su inserción a las dinámicas económicas e industriales nacionales, y la posicionaron desde 1842 hasta 1935 como el principal puerto multimodal sobre el Caribe colombiano y en la principal puerta de entrada a la modernidad del país.ABSTRACTThe territory of the delta of the Magdalena River from mid-nineteenth century was subjected to a modernization process which improved mobility, freight and international trade in Colombia. In the case of Barranquilla, railway construction, the breakwaters of Bocas de Ceniza and the advent of aviation led to the insertion and use of this space into economic and industrial dynamics that would position in this period (1842-1935) to the multimodal city as the main port on the Colombian Caribbean, and the gateway to modernity to the whole country