Grammar and institutionalisation of italian language teaching in the 19 th century Spain

Las primeras huellas de institucionalización pública de la enseñanza de lenguas en la España del XIX se manifiestan tarde, más si cabe en el caso de la lengua italiana, y desde luego sin continuidad entre los diferentes textos legales que, en materia de instrucción pública, se sucedieron durante el siglo. No por ello, sin embargo, faltaron gramáticas. Evidenciar esta situación será el primer objetivo del presente trabajo. El segundo será describir cómo y en qué medida influyeron las normativas de instrucción pública en la composición de las gramáticas italoespañolas del XIX.The first traces of public institutionalisation of language teaching in 19th century Spain appear late, even later in the case of Italian, and with no continuity in the various pieces of legislation on public education issued over the century. On the other hand, however, grammar books were present. The first goal of this paper is that of depicting this situation. The second will be that of describing how and to what extent laws on public education influenced the composition of grammar books in the Italian-Spanish tradition of the 19th century

Catalogo e studio delle grammatiche di italiano per ispanofoni: secoli XVIII e XIX

El objetivo de la presente investigación, el catálogo y estudio de las gramáticas de italiano destinadas a hispanohablantes de los siglos XVIII y XIX, se encuadra en el macrosector gramaticográfico de la historiografía lingüística, en el cual el estudio de las gramáticas de las lenguas dirigidas a hablantes nativos y a hablantes extranjeros, con los consiguientes cruces y trasvases de tradiciones gramaticales, es de significativo interés como destacan: (i) las tesis doctorales defendidas en los últimos quince años; (ii) los proyectos de investigación dirigidos y coordinados por prestigiosos estudiosos del sector; (iii) los congresos organizados para destacar y compartir las principales actualizaciones en torno a los estudios gramaticográficos; y (iv) las publicaciones que surgen de los tres puntos anteriores. El estudio presenta dos partes centrales: la primera (constituida por los capítulos 2 y 3) es la de catálogo y estudio de las diecinueve gramáticas que conforman el corpus en base a ocho áreas descriptivas (1. información catalográfica, 2. autor, 3. editor, 4. hiperestructura, 5. elementos peritextuales, gramaticales y didácticos, 6. variedad de textos y su secuencia didáctica, 7. caracterización, fuentes e influencias, y 8. localización); la segunda (capítulo 4) es la de estudio gramaticográfico de conjunto de los datos más relevantes de las areas de estudio utilizadas en las dos primeras partes. De este modo, daremos un panorama de conjunto sobre (i) la cronología de las obras y sus ediciones y rempresiones; (ii) la nacionalidad, profesión, condición religiosa, etc. de autores; (iii) la geografía de ediciones y editores; (iv) la descripción hiperestructural de las obras; (v) la estructura de los elementos peritextuales; (vi) las partes gramaticales y elementos que las componen; (vii) el verbo: definiciones y paradigma verbal; (vii) los elementos didácticos; (viii) las líneas de descripción gramatical; (ix) la localización de las gramáticas en las bibliotecas españolas.This research, the catalogue and study of grammar books of Italian for Spanish speakers of the 18th and 19th century, fids it place within the field of the grammaticography in linguistic historiography, where the analysis of grammar books for native and non-native speakers, with its consequent intersections and transfers of grammar traditions, is of great interest. This can be inferred from: (i) the PhD dissertations written in the past fifteen years; (ii) the research projects directed and coordinated by prestigious scholars in the field; (iii) the conferences organised to highlight and share the latest research in grammaticography and (iv) the literature published as a consequence of the three previous points. This work can be divided into two main parts: the first (chapters 2 and 3) is the catalogue and study of the nineteen grammars in the corpus, based on eight areas of description (1. catalogue information, 2. author, 3. publisher, 4. hyperstructure, 5. peritextual, grammatical and didactic elements, 6. variety of texts and their didactic sequence, 7. characterization, sources and influences and 8. location); the second (chapter 4) is the overall grammaticographic study of the most significant data of the fields of analysis used in the first two chapters. In conclusion, this work provides a general overview on (i) the chronology of these works and their editions and reprints; (ii) the nationality, profession, religious condition, etc. of the authors; (iii) the geography of editions and publishers; (iv) the hyperstructural descriptions of the works; (v) the structure of peritextual elements; (vi) the grammatical parts and the elements that compose them; (vii) the verb: definitions and paradigm; (vii) didactic elements; (viii) the lines of grammatical description; (ix) the location of the grammars analysed in Spanish libraries

Nosotros somos nos y somos otros. Estudios dedicados a Félix San Vicente. Tomo II

Estos dos volúmenes de Nosotros somos nos y somos otros reúnen el homenaje que muchos discípulos, compañeros de equipos de investigación, exalumnos y colaboradores, de universidades italianas, españolas y de otros países, han querido rendir al profesor Félix San Vicente Santiago con ocasión de su jubilación. Breves semblanzas, gratos y afectuosos recuerdos, estudios inéditos a él dedicados, junto con una tabula gratulatoria final, describen mejor que otras celebraciones formales e institucionales cuánto de la investigación en el ámbito de la lingüística aplicada a la lengua española y con un enfoque contrastivo sobre la relación histórica y actual entre el español y la lengua italiana se debe a Félix San Vicente

9 Aproches nueve. Corso interattivo multimediale per l'autoapprendimento della lingua spagnola di livello A1.

Manuale multimediale per l'autoapprendimento della lingua spagnola di livello A1 per italofoni. In un panorama di pubblicazioni riguardanti la lingua spagnola sempre in crescita la nostra proposta vuole identificarsi come frutto di una ricerca multimediale destinata a italofoni universitari, per i quali \ue8 stato identificato un registro linguistico e un approccio comunicativo idoneo

Contrastiva. Grammatica della lingua spagnola

Nuova edizione aggiornata di Contrastiva . Grammatica della lingua spagnola, Clueb, Bologna, 2010. Contrastiva. Grammatica della lingua spagnola, opera coordinata da F. San Vicente, presenta i componenti tradizionali di questa disciplina e propone, in primo luogo, una descrizione fonetica, morfologica e sintattica della lingua spagnola attuale di livello medio colto (scritto e parlato); la proposta avviene con una doppia prospettiva: quella dell'analisi del sistema linguistico propria della grammatica e quella dell'identificazione delle funzioni comunicative del manuale di lingua. Fra le grammatiche e i manuali attualmente esistenti per l'apprendimento dello spagnolo per italofoni, l'approccio adottato, considerate anche le finalit\ue0 contrastive dell'opera, rappresenta una novit\ue0 per lo studente scolarizzato adulto, e si trova del resto in sintonia con i presupposti del Quadro di Riferimento Europeo nei livelli B2-C1. Negli otto capitoli in cui \ue8 divisa l'opera: 1. Suoni e grafemi; 2. Formazione delle parole; 3. Aggettivi e pronomi: dimostrativi, possessivi, indefiniti, relativi, interro\uacgativi ed esclamativi; 4. Sintagma nominale; 5. Sintagma verbale I; 6. Sintagma verbale II; 7. Nessi; 8. Segnali discorsivi, vengono descritte forme, funzioni e usi di tutte le categorie e sottocategorie fondamentali che hanno come ambito di riferimento la parola, la frase e, nel caso dei segnali discorsivi, la sintassi interfrastica. In questo impianto descrittivo, facilmente identificabile dallo studente di lingua spagnola, sono state introdotte differenti funzioni comunicative, caratteristiche del rapporto interpersonale in ambito non specializzato, con riferimento a livelli, registri e a forme rappresentative dello spagnolo d'America. L'utilizzo di corpora come C-ORAL e CREA e il continuo confronto di frequenze e occorrenze attraverso Google hanno favorito le scelte effettuate e la loro introduzione in esempi rappresentativi dello spagnolo attuale. Come si \ue8 accennato, Contrastiva \ue8 in primo luogo una grammatica descrittiva della lingua spagnola. In secondo luogo \ue8 anche una grammatica contrastiva nella direzione spagnolo-italiano, ma solo e rigorosamente negli aspetti funzionali in tale direzione, evitando il flusso irregolare e la sistematica descrizione a cui costringe la bi-direzionalit\ue0. La contrastivit\ue0 unidirezionale \ue8 stata sottolineata su tutti i piani linguistici da un punto di vista funzionale, per cui viene segnalata per questioni fonologiche e grafiche; diversit\ue0 morfologica di genere e numero; usi verbali; indicativo e congiuntivo; perifrasi verbali; strutture comparative, ecc. La terminologia grammaticale, non sempre uniforme in una tradizione ricca come quella italiana, \ue8 stata utilizzata tenendo conto del livello descrittivo, oltre che del destinatario italofono e delle sue conoscenze. In riferimento all'accettabilit\ue0 di uso colto peninsulare e in vaste aree dell'America, vengono segnalate le variet\ue0 fortemente innovative nei settori giornalistico e giovanile, insieme ad altri usi interlinguistici inaccettabili dal livello medio colto segnalato; sul piano del discente italofono, vengono segnalati i casi in cui si riscontra frequentemente l'errore interlinguistico

Promoción turística sostenible de la reserva de la biosfera Tajo-Tejo Internacional

Convocatoria proyectos de innovación de Extremadura 2020/2021Se describe un proyecto llevado acabo por varios centros educativos ubicados en la zona de la Reserva de la Biosfera Tajo-Tejo Internacional (RBTTI) que pretendía contribuir a la transformación sostenible del entorno mediante su conocimiento y promoción, implementando las competencias digital, social y ciudadana y la cultura emprendedora mediante metodologías activas como el aprendizaje servicio. Entre los objetivos principales del proyecto destacan: dar a conocer las implicaciones de la RBTTI; diseñar una campaña de promoción de la RBTTI mediante trípticos y vídeos promocionales; conocer la Reserva a través de las principales vías pecuarias y caminos que comunican los pueblos; descubrir los principales elementos socioculturales, históricos y tradicionales de la Reserva; valorar la importancia del territorio para conservar la biodiversidad: paisajes, ecosistemas, fauna y flora representativa; relacionar la trashumancia y las vías pecuarias como rasgos identificativos de la Reserva, vinculándolo con la historia y rasgos culturales de los pueblos y valorar el emprendimiento y la iniciativa personal, el asosiacionismo y creación de redes de cooperación en y entre pueblos como motor de desarrolloExtremaduraES

Stoma-free survival after anastomotic leak following rectal cancer resection: worldwide cohort of 2470 patients

Background: The optimal treatment of anastomotic leak after rectal cancer resection is unclear. This worldwide cohort study aimed to provide an overview of four treatment strategies applied. Methods: Patients from 216 centres and 45 countries with anastomotic leak after rectal cancer resection between 2014 and 2018 were included. Treatment was categorized as salvage surgery, faecal diversion with passive or active (vacuum) drainage, and no primary/secondary faecal diversion. The primary outcome was 1-year stoma-free survival. In addition, passive and active drainage were compared using propensity score matching (2: 1). Results: Of 2470 evaluable patients, 388 (16.0 per cent) underwent salvage surgery, 1524 (62.0 per cent) passive drainage, 278 (11.0 per cent) active drainage, and 280 (11.0 per cent) had no faecal diversion. One-year stoma-free survival rates were 13.7, 48.3, 48.2, and 65.4 per cent respectively. Propensity score matching resulted in 556 patients with passive and 278 with active drainage. There was no statistically significant difference between these groups in 1-year stoma-free survival (OR 0.95, 95 per cent c.i. 0.66 to 1.33), with a risk difference of -1.1 (95 per cent c.i. -9.0 to 7.0) per cent. After active drainage, more patients required secondary salvage surgery (OR 2.32, 1.49 to 3.59), prolonged hospital admission (an additional 6 (95 per cent c.i. 2 to 10) days), and ICU admission (OR 1.41, 1.02 to 1.94). Mean duration of leak healing did not differ significantly (an additional 12 (-28 to 52) days). Conclusion: Primary salvage surgery or omission of faecal diversion likely correspond to the most severe and least severe leaks respectively. In patients with diverted leaks, stoma-free survival did not differ statistically between passive and active drainage, although the increased risk of secondary salvage surgery and ICU admission suggests residual confounding

Stoma-free Survival After Rectal Cancer Resection With Anastomotic Leakage: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model in a Large International Cohort.

Objective:To develop and validate a prediction model (STOMA score) for 1-year stoma-free survival in patients with rectal cancer (RC) with anastomotic leakage (AL).Background:AL after RC resection often results in a permanent stoma.Methods:This international retrospective cohort study (TENTACLE-Rectum) encompassed 216 participating centres and included patients who developed AL after RC surgery between 2014 and 2018. Clinically relevant predictors for 1-year stoma-free survival were included in uni and multivariable logistic regression models. The STOMA score was developed and internally validated in a cohort of patients operated between 2014 and 2017, with subsequent temporal validation in a 2018 cohort. The discriminative power and calibration of the models' performance were evaluated.Results:This study included 2499 patients with AL, 1954 in the development cohort and 545 in the validation cohort. Baseline characteristics were comparable. One-year stoma-free survival was 45.0% in the development cohort and 43.7% in the validation cohort. The following predictors were included in the STOMA score: sex, age, American Society of Anestesiologist classification, body mass index, clinical M-disease, neoadjuvant therapy, abdominal and transanal approach, primary defunctioning stoma, multivisceral resection, clinical setting in which AL was diagnosed, postoperative day of AL diagnosis, abdominal contamination, anastomotic defect circumference, bowel wall ischemia, anastomotic fistula, retraction, and reactivation leakage. The STOMA score showed good discrimination and calibration (c-index: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66-0.76).Conclusions:The STOMA score consists of 18 clinically relevant factors and estimates the individual risk for 1-year stoma-free survival in patients with AL after RC surgery, which may improve patient counseling and give guidance when analyzing the efficacy of different treatment strategies in future studies