Trade Agreement and Trade Specialization Between Colombia And The EU

The study analyses the relevance of the trade agreement between Colombia and the European Union as a policy that promotes trade between them (export and import flows) and, subsequently, establishes its effectiveness in reducing the trade deficit of the former. Furthermore, the paper analyses the determinants of trade flows between the parties, emphasizing the effect of factor endowment on their bilateral trade. We use a panel data set from 2005 to 2019, wherein the export and import flows between Colombia and the countries of the European Union are considered. The findings indicate that the trade agreement between the two parties has deepened the Colombian trade deficit. Additionally, it is established that the parties share an inter-industry trade pattern based on their factor endowment. Consequently, the Colombian government should consider these findings to reorient its trade policy towards those European Union countries that have an opposite factor endowment

Mesenchymal stem cells secretome : The cornerstone of cell-free regenerative medicine

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most frequently used stem cells in clinical trials due to their easy isolation from various adult tissues, their ability of homing to injury sites and their potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. However, the realization that the beneficial effect of MSCs relies mainly on their paracrine action, rather than on their engraftment in the recipient tissue and subsequent differentiation, has opened the way to cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. All the soluble factors and vesicles secreted by MSCs are commonly known as secretome. MSCs secretome has a key role in cell-to-cell communication and has been proven to be an active mediator of immune-modulation and regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of secretome has key advantages over cell-based therapies, such as a lower immunogenicity and easy production, handling and storage. Importantly, MSCs can be modulated to alter their secretome composition to better suit specific therapeutic goals, thus, opening a large number of possibilities. Altogether these advantages now place MSCs secretome at the center of an important number of investigations in different clinical contexts, enabling rapid scientific progress in this field.Supported by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y competitividad, No. RTI2018-097324; Predoctoral program in Biomedicine from the University of Cantabria and the Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), No. PREVAL 19/02 and PREVAL 20/01

Más de 60 años de presencia de la Trigonometría en la educación media colombiana. Una mirada a libros de textos escolares.

Trabajo de grado en el marco de la Maestría en Docencia de la Matemática, centrado en el análisis de la relación entre los libros de texto de Trigonometría, la historia de la Trigonometría y los propósitos de la Educación Media colombiana. Este trabajo tiene la finalidad de llevar a la reflexión sobre la función de los libros de texto de Trigonometría en relación con los propósitos de la Educación Media colombiana en los últimos 67 años. Para conducir las reflexiones se tipificó la Trigonometría de acuerdo con los problemas resueltos en la historia, se analizó el papel de la historia de la Trigonometría en los libros de texto y el tipo de problemas resueltos por los autores de los libros de texto. Con esta información se identificó la correspondencia entre las tareas resueltas por los autores de los textos de Trigonometría y los propósitos de la Educación Media.Magister en Docencia de la MatemáticaMaestrí

Análisis comparativo del cálculo del tamaño de muestra para la realización de encuestas domiciliarias en la construcción de una matriz origen—destino de pasajeros, entre un diseño muestral y la aplicación de un porcentaje de la población

Es una práctica común en la ingeniería de transporte, la utilización de un porcentaje de los hogares de una ciudad como muestra para la realización de encuestas domiciliarias que permitan conocer el patrón de viales de los habitantes. Teóricamente, el procedimiento consiste en calcular la muestra en función de los parámetros estadísticos de la variable que se pretende medir de la población. Esto implica la realización de una encuesta piloto, que en países con balos recursos no es factible realizar por los costos que implica el conocer el valor de dichos parámetros de la población, ya que algunas veces los recursos son limitados exclusivamente para la realización de una muestra estimada de acuerdo a un porcentaje preestablecido. En las ciudades colombianas normalmente se trabajan porcentajes entre el 3% y el 6%, dependiendo del tamaño de la población. De manera coyuntural, la ciudad de Manizales, localizada a 300 km al oeste de la capital de Colombia, realizó en menos de cuatro años dos encuestas domiciliarias, de tal manera que para la realización de la segunda encuesta ya se conocía el valor de los parámetros del estimador. La Universidad Nacional de Colombia suscribió un convenio con la Alcaldía de Manizales para la elaboración de la nueva matriz origen-destino, en donde se tuvo la oportunidad de calcular la muestra en función de las variables estadísticas de rigor. En el desarrollo del artículo se mostrará un análisis comparativo entre estas dos metodologías, obteniendo que al estimar estadísticamente la muestra, se logra reducir de manera significativa el número de encuestas a realizar, obteniendo resultados prácticamente iguales.Using a percentage of a city’s households is a common practice in transport engineering leading to knowing the inhabit- ants’ lourney pattern. The procedure theoretically consists of calculating the sample based on the statistical parameters of population variable which one wishes to measure. This requires carrying out a pilot survey which cannot be done in countries having few resources because of the costs involved in knowing the value of such population parameters, because resources are sometimes exclusively destined to making an estimated sample according to a pre-established percentage. Percentages between 3% and 6% are usually used in Colombian cities, depending on population size. The city of Manizales (located 300 km to the west of Colombia’s capital) carried out two household surveys in less than four years; when the second survey was carried out the values of the estimator parameters were thus already known. The Manizales’ mayor’s office made an agreement with the Universidad Nacional de Colombia for drawing up the new origin-destiny matrix, where it was possible to calculate the sample based on the pertinent statistical variables. The article makes a comparative analysis of both methodologies, concluding that when statistically estimating the sample it is possible to greatly reduce the number of surveys to be carried out, but obtaining practically equal results

Masculinidades hegemónicas: construcciones de la masculinidad en Temporada de huracanes de Fernanda Melchor

El artículo propone una lectura de la construcción de las identidades masculinas jóvenes en Temporada de Huracanes (2017) de Fernanda Melchor. Por tal motivo se realiza un análisis de elementos propios de las masculinidades hegemónicas a través de la criminalidad, la sexualidad y la homosociabilidad. Para alcanzar este objetivo elaboramos una reflexión partiendo de los aportes de Connell, Kimmel, Fuller y Olavarría. El texto de Melchor podría servir como un manifiesto para el feminismo porque busca construir alianzas con los lectores masculinos que se sitúen en contra de las prácticas patriarcales

Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Women Over 50 Years of Age: Preventive and Therapeutic Management Skills

Foundation: osteoporosis is a disease that causes the loss of bone mass and the weakening of bone tissue, which causes an increased risk of fractures. It is important to educate the population, prevent and detect the disease early and combat risk factors. Objective: to analyze the prevalence and evaluate the level of knowledge about osteoporosis in women over 50 years of age and the ability to apply this knowledge in the prevention and treatment of this pathological entity. Methods: a study with a cross-sectional, non-experimental and field design was carried out. The study material consisted of a sample of 103 women over 50 years of age that corresponded to the population that attended consultation at the Center for Specialties in Rheumatology and Immunology, for various reasons, between January and May 2023. To verify the data, used a diagnostic survey method and a questionnaire constructed for the purposes of this study and validated by center experts. The declared variables were subjected to statistical analysis to determine characteristics of the sample and correlation between the variables. The verification of the hypothesis was based on the Chi-square test. For significant points, a normalization of the coefficient using Cramer's V coefficient was included. Results: among the women surveyed and their relatives, 20 % suffered from osteoporosis. Among the predisposing and causing factors of osteoporosis in the study group were poor diet and lack of exercise. 48 % knew the meaning of the densitometry test, the use of all necessary ingredients in the diet was confirmed by 36 % of women, the use of pharmacological preparations for calcium supplementation was reported by only 33 % of women. Conclusions: the level of knowledge of women about osteoporosis is insufficient and does not allow them to adopt preventive or curative measures. Among the predisposing and causing factors of osteoporosis are poor diet and lack of exercise

Feed-forward technique to measure the reflection coefficient under CW high-power signals

©2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.This paper describes a measurement setup to obtain the reflection coefficient response over the frequency of a given device when this is subjected to a single-tone high-power (HP) signal. The proposed system is based on a feed-forward technique to cancel the reflected HP signal before reaching the vector network analyzer. This allows measuring the effects of the HP interfering signal into the device's low-power frequency response. This technique does not require either power-calibrated standards or complex calibration techniques. Experiments in several devices are also reported to validate the suitability of this technique.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft