Evangelizar pela arte

After some considerations about the evangelizing capacity of art, this study presents what the Church's doctrine says about the subject. And it's no small thing! They are the first and second moment of the article. In a third moment, it reflects on the artistic heritage, from the categories of mediation, fruition and encounter, to conclude that “conscious of its symbolic dimension, which brings us back, in its significance, beyond the really visible, through an intimate experience of the artistic heritage of the Church generates a possibility of intimate dialogue, where the true encounter with the transcendent is established: with the love of the Father revealed in the face of the Son - the end of all evangelization. Allowing each  person to say, today, as St. Augustine, in his intimate: ‘Afternoon I loved you, O Beauty so old and so new. ... Behold, they are habitable within me, and I outwardly seek Thee!’”.Depois de algumas considerações sobre a capacidade evangelizadora da arte, este estudo apresenta o que a doutrina da Igreja diz sobre o assunto. E não é pouco! São o primeiro e o Segundo momento do artigo. Num terceiro momento, reflete sobre o património artístico, a partir das categorias de mediação, fruição e encontro, para concluir que “conscientes da sua dimensão simbólica, que nos remete, na sua significação, para além do realmente visível, mediante uma experiência íntima de comoção e emoção, que nos deslumbra, o património artístico da Igreja gera uma possibilidade de diálogo íntimo, onde se estabelece o verdadeiro encontro com o transcendente: com o amor do Pai, revelado no rosto do Filho – o fim de toda a evangelização. Permitindo que cada pessoa possa dizer, hoje, como Santo Agostinho, no seu íntimo: ‘Tarde Vos amei, ó Beleza tão antiga e tão nova. (...) Eis que habitáveis dentro de mim, e eu lá fora a procurar-Vos!’”

Relaxantes musculares seletivos e composições farmacêuticas

Em 28/10/2013: Anuidade de pedido de patente de invenção no prazo ordinário.DepositadaA presente invenção se refere a substâncias capazes de promover relaxamento muscular seletivo, a composições farmacêuticas contendo tais compostos e seu uso no tratamento de doenças associadas ao tecido muscular, sendo que tais compostos obedecem a uma fórmula geral

Condições de ventilação natural em meio urbano recorrendo a um modelo integrado

O artigo apresenta uma metodologia que permite aceder às condições de ventilação natural em meios urbanos, quer nos espaços exteriores quer no interior do espaço construído. Os resultados podem ser apresentados tendo em vista diferentes fins e formas que vão desde a representação gráfica dos padrões globais do vento a nível do solo (segurança e conforto de peões, definição de espaços de lazer e outros) à estimativa de fluxos e propriedades do ar (velocidade, temperatura e outros) dentro de um compartimento tendo em atenção pequenas fontes ou poços de calor e as condições no exterior impostas pelo vento local, passando pelas distribuições de pressão sobre paredes e coberturas, essenciais no dimensionamento de componentes e estruturas

Livro Verde dos Montados

O Livro Verde dos Montados apresenta diversos objectivos que se interligam: Em primeiro lugar, o Livro Verde pretende reunir e sistematizar, de uma forma simples e acessível ao público, o conhecimento produzido em Portugal pelos investigadores e técnicos de várias instituições de investigação ou de gestão que estudam o Montado. Assume-se como uma oportunidade de caracterizar o sistema tendo em conta as suas várias dimensões, identificando as principais ameaças à sua preservação assim como os caminhos que podem ajudar à sua sustentabilidade. Não sendo um documento científico, baseia-se no conhecimento científico e pretende constituir a base para uma plataforma de organização, tanto dos investigadores como do conhecimento científico actualmente produzido em Portugal sobre o Montado.Em segundo lugar, o Livro Verde deverá contribuir para um entendimento partilhado do que é o Montado, por parte do público, de técnicos e de especialistas, conduzindo a uma classificação mais clara do que pode ser considerado Montado e de quais os tipos distintos de Montados que podem ser identificados. Em terceiro lugar, o Livro Verde estabelece as bases para uma estratégia coordenada de disponibilização de informação sobre o sistema Montado, visando o seu conhecimento, apreciação e valorização pela sociedade portuguesa no seu conjunto. Deste modo, o Livro Verde poderá constituir um instrumento congregador e inspirador para a realização de acções de sensibilização e informação sobre o Montado. Em quarto lugar, pretende-se que o Livro Verde contribua para um maior reconhecimento e valorização do Montado como sistema, a nível do desenho das políticas nacionais por parte dos vários sectores envolvidos.Finalmente, o Livro Verde constituirá um documento parceiro do Livro Verde das Dehesas, produzido em Espanha em 2010, de forma a reforçar o reconhecimento e a devida valorização destes sistemas silvo-pastoris no desenho das estratégias e políticas relevantes pelas instituições europeias. Em suma, os autores pretendem que o Livro Verde dos Montados se afirme como o primeiro passo para uma efectiva definição e implementação de uma estratégia nacional para os Montados

HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL SISTÊMICA E EVENTOS CARDIOVASCULARES NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS, BRASIL

Hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é uma doença definida pela elevação mantida dos níveis pressóricos. Pode ser agravada pela presença de fatores de risco como dislipidemias, obesidade, intolerância à glicose, diabetes mellitus, tabagismo, sedentarismo, entre outros. Realizou-se estudo transversal a fim de determinar o perfil dos casos de HAS notificados no estado do Tocantins, Brasil, no período de 2002 a 2012. Foram coletadas e avaliadas informações presentes no banco de dados oficial do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). As variáveis analisadas foram idade, sexo, fatores de risco e ocorrência de complicações. Encontrou-se que, no estado do Tocantins, foram notificados 79.570 casos de HAS entre os anos de 2002 e 2012. A média anual foi de 7.233,64 casos/ano. Nesse período, 60,21% dos casos notificados correspondiam ao sexo feminino e 39,79% ao sexo masculino. Adultos acima de 40 anos de idade compreendeu o grupo etário mais acometido. O pico de ocorrência se deu em indivíduos entre 60 e 64 anos. Tabagismo, sobrepeso e sedentarismo, estiveram relacionados com muitos casos notificados, além de graves complicações cardiovasculares preveníveis. Sugere-se, então, que ações educativas de prevenção primária e secundária podem contribuir sobremaneira para diminuir a ocorrência desse agravo na região.              Palavras-chave: Hipertensão; Doenças cardiovasculares; Tocantins; Brasil. ABSTRACT Hypertension (HTN) is a disease defined by sustained elevation of blood pressure levels. It may be aggravated by the presence of risk factors such as dyslipidemia, obesity, glucose intolerance, diabetes mellitus, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, among others. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the profile of cases of HTN reported in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, from 2002 to 2012. Data were collected and evaluated using the official database of the notification of invalidity information system. The analyzed variables were age, sex, risk factors and the occurrence of complications. It was found that in the state of Tocantins, 79,570 cases of HTN were reported between 2002 and 2012. The annual average was 7,233.64 cases/year. During this period, 60.21% of the reported cases were female and 39.79% were male. Adults over 40 years old comprised the most affected age group. The peak occurred in individuals between 60 and 64 years old. Smoking, overweight and sedentary lifestyle were related to many reported cases, as well as serious preventable cardiovascular complications. It is suggested, therefore, that educational actions of primary and secondary prevention can contribute greatly to reduce the occurrence of this disease in the region.                                                Keywords: Hypertension; Cardiovascular Events; Tocantins; Brazil

Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10–24 years during the past three decades. Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10–14, 15–19, and 20–24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. Findings: In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214 337 [58%] were transport related) and 31·1 million DALYs (of which 16·2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10–24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34·4% (from 17·5 to 11·5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47·7% (from 15·9 to 8·3 per 100 000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80·5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39·4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010–19, the rate per 100 000 of transport injury DALYs was reduced by 16·7%, from 838 in 2010 to 699 in 2019. This was a substantially slower pace of reduction compared with the 48·5% reduction between 1990 and 2010, from 1626 per 100 000 in 1990 to 838 per 100 000 in 2010. Between 2010 and 2019, the rate of unintentional injury DALYs per 100 000 also remained largely unchanged in high-SDI countries (555 in 2010 vs 554 in 2019; 0·2% reduction). The number and rate of adolescent deaths and DALYs owing to environmental heat and cold exposure increased for the high-SDI quintile during 2010–19. Interpretation: As other causes of mortality are addressed, inadequate progress in reducing transport and unintentional injury mortality as a proportion of adolescent deaths becomes apparent. The relative shift in the burden of injury from high-SDI countries to low and low–middle-SDI countries necessitates focused action, including global donor, government, and industry investment in injury prevention. The persisting burden of DALYs related to transport and unintentional injuries indicates a need to prioritise innovative measures for the primary prevention of adolescent injury. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target—1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023—we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023. Findings Globally, performance on the UHC effective coverage index improved from 45·8 (95% uncertainty interval 44·2–47·5) in 1990 to 60·3 (58·7–61·9) in 2019, yet country-level UHC effective coverage in 2019 still spanned from 95 or higher in Japan and Iceland to lower than 25 in Somalia and the Central African Republic. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa showed accelerated gains on the UHC effective coverage index (at an average increase of 2·6% [1·9–3·3] per year up to 2019); by contrast, most other GBD super-regions had slowed rates of progress in 2010–2019 relative to 1990–2010. Many countries showed lagging performance on effective coverage indicators for non-communicable diseases relative to those for communicable diseases and maternal and child health, despite non-communicable diseases accounting for a greater proportion of potential health gains in 2019, suggesting that many health systems are not keeping pace with the rising non-communicable disease burden and associated population health needs. In 2019, the UHC effective coverage index was associated with pooled health spending per capita (r=0·79), although countries across the development spectrum had much lower UHC effective coverage than is potentially achievable relative to their health spending. Under maximum efficiency of translating health spending into UHC effective coverage performance, countries would need to reach $1398 pooled health spending per capita (US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity) in order to achieve 80 on the UHC effective coverage index. From 2018 to 2023, an estimated 388·9 million (358·6–421·3) more population equivalents would have UHC effective coverage, falling well short of the GPW13 target of 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC during this time. Current projections point to an estimated 3·1 billion (3·0–3·2) population equivalents still lacking UHC effective coverage in 2023, with nearly a third (968·1 million [903·5–1040·3]) residing in south Asia. Interpretation The present study demonstrates the utility of measuring effective coverage and its role in supporting improved health outcomes for all people—the ultimate goal of UHC and its achievement. Global ambitions to accelerate progress on UHC service coverage are increasingly unlikely unless concerted action on non-communicable diseases occurs and countries can better translate health spending into improved performance. Focusing on effective coverage and accounting for the world's evolving health needs lays the groundwork for better understanding how close—or how far—all populations are in benefiting from UHC