La trigonometría como herramienta para medir nuestro entorno

En esta experiencia de aula se presenta el trabajo de un grupo de estudiantes de grado décimo que realizaron una actividad en la clase de trigonometría en la que aplicaron conceptos trigonométricos para calcular las medidas de las instalaciones de la institución educativa a la cual pertenecen. El objetivo es mostrar un ejemplo de cómo se puede generar un ambiente de aprendizaje en el que los estudiantes puedan elaborar significados de objetos matemáticos como lo son las razones trigonométricas mediante una labor que permita la aplicación fundamental de la trigonometría realizando mediciones indirectas

The effect of the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 on the morphological features of focal adhesions (FAs) in Human Vena Saphena Cells (HVSCs).

<p>A: Representative immunofluorescence images of the actin cytoskeleton (green), nucleus (blue), FAs (magenta) and zoom-in images of FAs of HVSCs treated with different doses (0-20 μM) of ROCK inhibitor or DMSO (control). Scale bar: 50 μm. Quantitative analysis of FA area (B), FA aspect ratio (C), and fraction of FAs with a defined length (D) reveals that Y-27632 affects FA morphology. At least 20 cells were analyzed per each condition and the results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). To assess differences between the different concentrations of ROCK inhibitor on the morphological features of the FAs, the One-Way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post-hoc test was used. ***: p < 0.001.</p

An automated quantitative analysis of cell, nucleus and focal adhesion morphology

<div><p>Adherent cells sense the physical properties of their environment via focal adhesions. Improved understanding of how cells sense and response to their physical surroundings is aided by quantitative evaluation of focal adhesion size, number, orientation, and distribution in conjunction with the morphology of single cells and the corresponding nuclei. We developed a fast, user-friendly and automated image analysis algorithm capable of capturing and characterizing these individual components with a high level of accuracy. We demonstrate the robustness and applicability of the algorithm by quantifying morphological changes in response to a variety of environmental changes as well as manipulations of cellular components of mechanotransductions. Finally, as a proof-of-concept we use our algorithm to quantify the effect of Rho-associated kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on focal adhesion maturation. We show that a decrease in cell contractility leads to a decrease in focal adhesion size and aspect ratio.</p></div

Automatic cell and nucleus segmentation.

<p>Representative immunofluorescence images of the actin cytosketeleton and nuclei and the corresponding segmentation results, with each identified cell and nucleus shown in a different color. Scale bar: 50 μm.</p

Schematic overview of the morphometric features of the cell, nucleus, and focal adhesions (FAs), providing information about the effects of cell type, physical environment, and pharmacological drugs on cell response.

<p>The cell type, physical properties of the environment, and pharmacological drugs are known to affect cellular, nuclear and FA morphology. With the developed algorithm we were able to detect these changes and translate them into quantifiable parameters.</p

Overview of the steps of the automated image analysis pipeline.

<p>Representative immunofluorescent image of Human Vena Saphena Cells (HVSCs), (A) stained for the actin cytoskeleton (green), nucleus (blue), and focal adhesions (magenta). To automatically detect and analyze cells (B), nuclei (C) and focal adhesions (D), corresponding grey-scale images were processed using the automated image analysis pipeline. Scale bars: 50 μm.</p

Detection of a single cell, nucleus and focal adhesions (FAs).

<p>Representative grey-scale images of the actin cytoskeleton, nucleus, and FAs of HVSCs on a substrate homogeneously coated with fibronectin. The detected outlines are shown in green, blue, and magenta, respectively, and the orange rectangles marked areas show zoom-in images of the cell, nucleus and FAs. The white arrows indicate some small actin-rich membrane protrusions that were not detected.</p

Supplementary figure 3 from Mesoscale substrate curvature overrules nanoscale contact guidance to direct bone marrow stromal cell migration

Calculation of the curvature that a projected linear element (e.g. F-actin fibre, green) would be exposed to on top of a cylindrical surface, depending on its orientation (angle α) relative to the cylinder axis. The bent shape is approximated as an ellipse (intersection of planes with different orientation angles and the cylinder's surface). The curvature of interest is the lowest curvature of the ellipse (at φ=90°)

Supplementary figure 1 from Mesoscale substrate curvature overrules nanoscale contact guidance to direct bone marrow stromal cell migration

Optical profilometry images of a cylindrical surface (d = 500 µm) without (A,B) and with (C,D) the addition of the thin extra PDMS layer

Comparison of the pros and cons of CLSM and DTI modalities.

<p>Overall, DTI has more advantages to study TE cardiovascular remodeling.</p