Postmortem acinar autolysis in rat sublingual gland: a morphometric study

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze and to quantify morphological acinar postmortem changes in rat sublingual glands (SLG). MATERIAL AND METHODSs: Fifty rats were divided into two groups of 25 animals each. Group I was used for morphological and morphometric evaluations and group II for the determination of gland density and processed gland volume. Acinar autolytic changes were studied at 0 (control group), 3, 6, 12 and 24 h postmortem periods. The morphometric analysis of the volume density (Vv) and total volume (Vt) of intact (ia) and autolyzed (aa) acini was performed under light microscopy using a Zeiss II integration grid with 100 symmetrically distributed points. RESULTS: Morphologically, temporal progressive nuclear alterations and gradual loss of the structural architecture of acinar cells were found. Regarding quantitative results, both the Vvaa and the Vvia showed statistically significant differences among all postmortem periods (p<0.05). Vvaa increased from 0.42% at 0 h to 75.84% at 24 h postmortem and Vvia decreased from 71.16% to 0% over the same period. For Vtaa and Vtia, no statistically significant differences occurred between 12-24 h and 0-3 h (p&gt;0.05), respectively. Vtaa increased from 0.18 mm³ at 0 h to 38.17 mm³ at 12 h, while Vtia showed a decrease from 33.47 mm³ to 0 mm³ between 3-24 h postmortem. Data concerning Vtaa were adjusted by two-variable linear regression, obtaining the equation: y=-3.54 + 3.38x (r²=0.90). The Vtaa growth rate calculated by this equation was 3.38 mm³/h between 0-12 h. CONCLUSION: Acinar autolysis on rat SLG demonstrated the most significant signs during the first 6 h postmortem and was widely spread through the gland at 12 h

Comparative study of single and multislice computed tomography for assessment of the mandibular canal

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of relative measurements from the roof of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest in multislice (multidetector) computed tomography (MDCT) and single-slice computed tomography (SSCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 26 printed CT films (7 SSCT and 19 MDCT) from the files of the LABI-3D (3D Imaging Laboratory) of the School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (FOUSP), which had been acquired using different protocols. Two observers analyzed in a randomized and independent order a series of 22 oblique CT reconstructions of each patient. Each observer analyzed the CT scans twice. The length of the mandibular canal and the distance between the mandibular canal roof and the crest of the alveolar ridge were obtained. Dahlberg test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean error found for the mandibular canal length measurements obtained from SSCT was 0.53 mm in the interobserver analysis, and 0.38 mm for both observers. On MDCT images, the mean error was 0.0 mm in the interobserver analysis, and 0.0 and 0.23 mm in the intraobserver analysis. Regarding the distance between the mandibular canal roof and the alveolar bone crest, the SSCT images showed a mean error of 1.16 mm in the interobserver analysis and 0.66 and 0.59 mm in the intraobserver analysis. In the MDCT images, the mean error was 0.72 mm in the interobserver analysis and 0.50 and 0.54 mm in the intraobserver analysis. CONCLUSION: Multislice CT was demonstrated a more accurate method and demonstrated high reproducibility in the analysis of important anatomical landmarks for planning of mandibular dental implants, namely the mandibular canal pathway and alveolar crest height

A adesão aos bundles reduz a prevalência de pneumonia associada a ventilação mecânica?/ Does bundles adhesion reduce the prevalence of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation?

Pacientes enquanto recebem cuidados de saúde podem adquirir infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) e a pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica (PAVM) é a mais frequente delas. O tubo endotraqueal (TET) e a ventilação mecânica (VM) são os fatores de risco mais importantes para a ocorrência da PAVM. O cuidado com o paciente em VM é foco prioritário por se tratar de uma população com altos índices de morbimortalidade. A implantação de um pacote de medidas e boas práticas efetivas de precaução de eventos adversos, bundle, é capaz de prevenir e diminuir significativamente a prevalência da PAVM. Trata-se de um estudo comparativo, descritivo e retrospectivo através de gráficos, por meio de dados públicos fornecidos pela Comissão de Controle de Infecções de um hospital universitário de Brasília – DF sobre a prevalência de PAVM, no período de março de 2017 a março de 2019. Objetivou-se comparar e apresentar dados de pacientes que desenvolveram PAVM, no período de março de 2017 a março de 2019, na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) de um hospital universitário relacionando a assistência da equipe multiprofissional à adesão ao bundle de PAVM. Acredita-se que a boa adesão às recomendações é fundamental para o sucesso da implantação das medidas de atenuação da PAVM

Comparative study of single and multislice computed tomography for assessment of the mandibular canal

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of relative measurements from the roof of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest in multislice (multidetector) computed tomography (MDCT) and single-slice computed tomography (SSCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 26 printed CT films (7 SSCT and 19 MDCT) from the files of the LABI-3D (3D Imaging Laboratory) of the School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (FOUSP), which had been acquired using different protocols. Two observers analyzed in a randomized and independent order a series of 22 oblique CT reconstructions of each patient. Each observer analyzed the CT scans twice. The length of the mandibular canal and the distance between the mandibular canal roof and the crest of the alveolar ridge were obtained. Dahlberg test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean error found for the mandibular canal length measurements obtained from SSCT was 0.53 mm in the interobserver analysis, and 0.38 mm for both observers. On MDCT images, the mean error was 0.0 mm in the interobserver analysis, and 0.0 and 0.23 mm in the intraobserver analysis. Regarding the distance between the mandibular canal roof and the alveolar bone crest, the SSCT images showed a mean error of 1.16 mm in the interobserver analysis and 0.66 and 0.59 mm in the intraobserver analysis. In the MDCT images, the mean error was 0.72 mm in the interobserver analysis and 0.50 and 0.54 mm in the intraobserver analysis. CONCLUSION: Multislice CT was demonstrated a more accurate method and demonstrated high reproducibility in the analysis of important anatomical landmarks for planning of mandibular dental implants, namely the mandibular canal pathway and alveolar crest height

AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN HUMAN SUBLINGUAL GLAND. A QUANTITATIVE STUDY

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as modificações morfológicas quantitativas em glândulas sublinguais humanas relacionando-as com a idade cronológica e o gênero. Noventa glândulas sublinguais direitas de cadáveres humanos foram distribuídas por gênero e grupo etário para a análise morfométrica dos vários componentes glandulares e do volume glandular. Os indivíduos de idades variando entre 7 meses e 92 anos foram divididos nos grupos I (0-30 anos, n=25), II (31-60 anos, n=30) e III (61-92 anos, n=35). As contagens foram realizadas em microscópio óptico, usando objetiva 40x e ocular Kpl 8x contendo um retículo de integração constituído por 100 pontos simetricamente distribuídos. A densidade de volume de ácinos, ductos, estroma, tecido adiposo e septos foi avaliada em 51 campos histológicos por glândula, selecionados por amostragem sistemática. A análise dos resultados mostrou diminuição de 56,35% na densidade de volume de ácinos (p 0,05). Ocorreu a diminuição do parênquima e o aumento do estroma com o envelhecimento.The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitative morphological age- and gender-related changes in human sublingual glands. Ninety right human sublingual glands from necropsies were distributed by gender and age groups for morphometric analysis of the glandular components and volume. Individuals with ages ranging from 7 months to 92 years were divided into Groups I (0-30 years), II (31-60 years) and III (61-92 years). The quantifications were realized under light microscopy at x40 using a Kpl ocular x8 with a graticule constituted by 100 symmetrical points. The proportional volume of acini, ducts, stroma, adipose tissue and septa were counted on fifty one histological fields for each gland, selected by systematic sampling. The proportional volume of acini was reduced by 56.35% (p 0.05). The decrease of parenchyma is accompanied by an increase of stroma with aging

Assessment of linear and angular measurements on three-dimensional conebeam computed tomographic images

O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar a precisão e a acurácia de medidas maxilofaciais lineares e angulares obtidas por tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico (TCFC). A amostra consistiu de quinze crânios humanos secos submetidos à TCFC. Medidas lineares e angulares foram realizadas em imagens em terceira dimensão (3D) após a identificação de pontos craniométricos convencionais. As imagens em 3D-TCFC foram analisadas por dois radiologistas, duas vezes, independentemente. Medidas físicas foram realizadas por um terceiro examinador utilizando paquímetro e goniômetro digitais. Os resultados não demonstraram diferenças estatísticas significantes para as análises intra e interexaminadores. As comparações entre as medidas físicas e as obtidas em 3D-TCFC para ambos os examinadores também não foram estatisticamente significantes tanto para as medidas lineares quanto paras as angulares (p= 0,968 e 0,915, p= 0,844 e 0,700, respectivamente). As imagens em 3D-TCFC podem ser utilizadas com precisão e acurácia para a obtenção de medidas lineares e angulares a partir de estruturas anatômicas e pontos craniométricos.The purpose of this research was to provide further evidence to demonstrate the precision and accuracy of maxillofacial linear and angular measurements obtained by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The study population consisted of 15 dry human skulls that were submitted to a CBCT, and threedimensional (3D) images were generated. Linear and angular measurements based upon conventional craniometric anatomical landmarks, were identified in 3D-CBCT images by two radiologists twice each independently. Subsequently physical measurements were made by a third examiner using a digital caliper and a digital goniometer. The results demonstrated no statistically significant difference between inter and intra-examiner analysis. Regarding accuracy test, no statistically significant difference were found of the comparison between the physical and CBCT-based linear and angular for both examiners (p= 0.968 and 0.915, p= 0.844 and 0.700 respectively). 3D-CBCT images can be used to obtain dimensionally accurate linear and angular measurements from bony maxillofacial structures and landmarks

AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN HUMAN SUBLINGUAL GLAND. A QUANTITATIVE STUDY

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as modificações morfológicas quantitativas em glândulas sublinguais humanas relacionando-as com a idade cronológica e o gênero. Noventa glândulas sublinguais direitas de cadáveres humanos foram distribuídas por gênero e grupo etário para a análise morfométrica dos vários componentes glandulares e do volume glandular. Os indivíduos de idades variando entre 7 meses e 92 anos foram divididos nos grupos I (0-30 anos, n=25), II (31-60 anos, n=30) e III (61-92 anos, n=35). As contagens foram realizadas em microscópio óptico, usando objetiva 40x e ocular Kpl 8x contendo um retículo de integração constituído por 100 pontos simetricamente distribuídos. A densidade de volume de ácinos, ductos, estroma, tecido adiposo e septos foi avaliada em 51 campos histológicos por glândula, selecionados por amostragem sistemática. A análise dos resultados mostrou diminuição de 56,35% na densidade de volume de ácinos (p 0,05). Ocorreu a diminuição do parênquima e o aumento do estroma com o envelhecimento.The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitative morphological age- and gender-related changes in human sublingual glands. Ninety right human sublingual glands from necropsies were distributed by gender and age groups for morphometric analysis of the glandular components and volume. Individuals with ages ranging from 7 months to 92 years were divided into Groups I (0-30 years), II (31-60 years) and III (61-92 years). The quantifications were realized under light microscopy at x40 using a Kpl ocular x8 with a graticule constituted by 100 symmetrical points. The proportional volume of acini, ducts, stroma, adipose tissue and septa were counted on fifty one histological fields for each gland, selected by systematic sampling. The proportional volume of acini was reduced by 56.35% (p 0.05). The decrease of parenchyma is accompanied by an increase of stroma with aging

Comparative study of single and multislice computed tomography for assessment of the mandibular canal

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of relative measurements from the roof of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest in multislice (multidetector) computed tomography (MDCT) and single-slice computed tomography (SSCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 26 printed CT films (7 SSCT and 19 MDCT) from the files of the LABI-3D (3D Imaging Laboratory) of the School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (FOUSP), which had been acquired using different protocols. Two observers analyzed in a randomized and independent order a series of 22 oblique CT reconstructions of each patient. Each observer analyzed the CT scans twice. The length of the mandibular canal and the distance between the mandibular canal roof and the crest of the alveolar ridge were obtained. Dahlberg test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean error found for the mandibular canal length measurements obtained from SSCT was 0.53 mm in the interobserver analysis, and 0.38 mm for both observers. On MDCT images, the mean error was 0.0 mm in the interobserver analysis, and 0.0 and 0.23 mm in the intraobserver analysis. Regarding the distance between the mandibular canal roof and the alveolar bone crest, the SSCT images showed a mean error of 1.16 mm in the interobserver analysis and 0.66 and 0.59 mm in the intraobserver analysis. In the MDCT images, the mean error was 0.72 mm in the interobserver analysis and 0.50 and 0.54 mm in the intraobserver analysis. CONCLUSION: Multislice CT was demonstrated a more accurate method and demonstrated high reproducibility in the analysis of important anatomical landmarks for planning of mandibular dental implants, namely the mandibular canal pathway and alveolar crest height

The use of artificial intelligence tools in cancer detection compared to the traditional diagnostic imaging methods : an overview of the systematic reviews

Background and purpose In comparison to conventional medical imaging diagnostic modalities, the aim of this over view article is to analyze the accuracy of the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tech niques in the identification and diagnosis of malignant tumors in adult patients. Data sources The acronym PIRDs was used and a comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Embase, Scielo, EBSCOhost, and grey literature through Proquest, Google Scholar, and JSTOR for systematic reviews of AI as a diagnostic model and/or detection tool for any cancer type in adult patients, compared to the traditional diagnostic radiographic imaging model. There were no limits on publishing status, publication time, or language. For study selection and risk of bias evaluation, pairs of reviewers worked separately. Results In total, 382 records were retrieved in the databases, 364 after removing duplicates, 32 sat isfied the full-text reading criterion, and 09 papers were considered for qualitative synthesis. Although there was heterogeneity in terms of methodological aspects, patient differences, and techniques used, the studies found that several AI approaches are promising in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic accuracy in the detection and diagnosis of malig nant tumors. When compared to other machine learning algorithms, the Super Vector Machine method performed better in cancer detection and diagnosis. Computer-assisted detection (CAD) has shown promising in terms of aiding cancer detection, when compared to the traditional method of diagnosis.Conclusions The detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors with the help of AI seems to be feasible and accurate with the use of different technologies, such as CAD systems, deep and machine learning algorithms and radiomic analysis when compared with the traditional model, although these technologies are not capable of to replace the professional radiologist in the analysis of medical images. Although there are limitations regarding the generalization for all types of cancer, these AI tools might aid professionals, serving as an auxiliary and teaching tool, especially for less trained professionals. Therefore, further longitudinal stud ies with a longer follow-up duration are required for a better understanding of the clinical application of these artificial intelligence systems.Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FS)Departamento de Odontologia (FS ODT)Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologi