Resveratrol and Red Wine Function as Antioxidants in the Nervous System without Cellular Proliferative Effects during Experimental Diabetes

Chronic hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress status and has been associated with neurological complications in diabetic individuals. This study compared the antioxidant properties of red wine or resveratrol in different brain areas of diabetic and non-diabetic rats, and investigated the effect of them on hippocampal cell proliferation in hippocampal dentate gyrus of diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic and control rats were treated with red wine (4 mL/kg), resveratrol (20 mg/kg) or saline, by oral gavage, for 21 days. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), catalase and superoxide dismutase were measured to evaluate the oxidative stress and the BrdU-positive cells were assessed to measure changes in cellular proliferation. In diabetic animals, resveratrol showed antioxidant property in the hippocampus and in the striatum, while red wine had an antioxidant effect only in the hippocampus. Neither red wine nor resveratrol reversed the lower hippocampal cell proliferation in diabetic rats. Daily doses of red wine or resveratrol have an antioxidant effect in rats depending on the brain area and the glycemic status

Uso de f?rmacos e consumo de nutrientes por idosos

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:53:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 445300.pdf: 610047 bytes, checksum: b17944cdf4b2eeba31164303e8b9746a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-29Background : Physiological changes related to aging leads to nutritional deficiencies that may be aggravated by inadequate intake of nutrients in the diet and polypharmacy. Objectives : The paper 1 had the objective of analyzing the potential pharmacological interactions among drugs taken by elderly patients. The paper 2 aimed to determine the profile of nutrients consumption and the paper 3 proposed to associate the inadequate intake with nutrient depletion caused by drugs. Methods : A cross-sectional observational population based study was performed by the Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology (IGG), PUCRS. We retrospectively analyzed the database provided by IGG composed of 512 elderly persons and epidemiologic indicators. In paper 1, drugs were classified using the Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical Classification System (ATC). Drug-durg interactions and their severity were assessed using the software Micromedex? Healthcare Series. In the paper 2 dietary intake was assessed by the 24-hour food recall Survey and the Research Dietetic History. Nutritional composition of daily diet was calculated using the Nutwin software. In the paper 3 the amount of nutrients intake in daily diet was compared to Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs) for inadequate consumption analyses and it was considered inadequate values below the EAR (Estimated Average Requirement) and above the UL (tolerable Upper Intake Level). Drugs used were associated with inadequate intake nutrients depleted by such drugs. Results : Paper 1 showed a high prevalence of use of drugs by elderly with significant statistical difference between genders. Age group between 70 and 79 years old use more drugs than others. Paper 2 showed that men consumed more calories, protein, fiber, minerals and vitamins. Carbohydrate and calcium intake increase with advancing age, as well decreases zinc intake. Physical exercise has increased intake of calorie, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus. The higher education and family income increased intake of vitamins B complex. Paper 3 pointed that acetylsalicylic acid, hydrochlorothiazide and proton pump inhibitors are responsible for the most number of nutrients depletion. Furthermore, 97% of users of hypolipidemic enzyme inhibitor hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase have inadequate intake of vitamin E, 90% of potassium-sparing diuretic users have inadequate intake of magnesium, 83.3% of digoxin users have inadequate consumption of magnesium and 58.3% of inadequate for calcium and potassium; People that has used anti-ulcers H2 antagonists have 83.3% of inadequate of folate consumption. The analyses of hidroclorothiazide, acetylsalicylic acid and furosemide pointed 83.2%, 82.1% and 80% of respectively inadequate intake of potassium. Conclusions : The number of drugs used by elderly increases with age. Women are the largest users of drugs, as well as pointed higher number of nutrient deficiencies in daily diet. Drugs most commonly used are also involved in drug interactions and responsible for depletion of several micronutrients that showed a high prevalence of inadequate intake by elderlyIntrodu??o : Altera??es fisiol?gicas decorrentes do envelhecimento levam o idoso a defici?ncias nutricionais que podem ser agravadas pelo consumo inadequado de nutrientes na dieta e pela polifarm?cia. Objetivos : O artigo 1 prop?s analisar as potenciais intera??es farmacol?gicas entre os f?rmacos utilizados por idosos. O artigo 2 objetivou tra?ar o perfil de consumo de nutrientes nesses indiv?duos e o artigo 3 prop?s associar a inadequa??o de consumo de nutrientes da dieta com a deple??o de nutrientes causada pelo uso de f?rmacos. M?todos : Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, de base populacional pelo Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia (IGG), PUCRS. Foi realizada uma an?lise retrospectiva da base de dados do IGG, composta por 512 idosos e diversos indicadores epidemiol?gicos. No artigo 1 foi utilizado o sistema de classifica??o de f?rmacos denominado Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical Classification System (ATC). As intera??es farmacol?gicas foram analisadas atrav?s do programa Micromedex? Healthcare Series. No artigo 2, foi avaliado o consumo alimentar, utilizando-se o Inqu?rito Recordat?rio de 24 Horas e Investiga??o da Hist?ria Diet?tica. Foi calculada a composi??o nutricional da dieta com o aux?lio do software Nutwin. No artigo 3 a quantidade de nutrientes na dieta habitual foi comparada com as Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs) para avalia??o da inadequa??o de consumo. Foi considerado inadequado o consumo abaixo da EAR (Estimated Average Requirement) e acima da UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level). Os principais f?rmacos utilizados foram associados ? inadequa??o de consumo dos nutrientes depletados pelos f?rmacos. Resultados : O artigo 1 mostrou alta preval?ncia de uso de medicamentos por idosos, sendo a diferen?a estatisticamente significativa entre os sexos. Os idosos entre 70 e 79 anos utilizam mais medicamentos do que as demais faixas et?rias. O artigo 2 mostrou que os homens consomem mais prote?nas, fibras, minerais e vitaminas. O consumo de carboidrato e c?lcio aumentou e o consumo de zinco diminuiu conforme o avan?o da idade. A pr?tica de exerc?cio f?sico elevou o consumo de calorias, magn?sio, pot?ssio e f?sforo. Maior escolaridade e renda familiar elevaram o consumo de vitaminas do complexo B. O artigo 3 mostrou que AAS, hidroclorotiazida e inibidores das bombas de pr?tons s?o os f?rmacos que depletam maior n?mero de nutrientes. Al?m disso, 97% dos usu?rios de Inibidores da HMG-CoA redutase possuem inadequa??o de consumo de vitamina E; dos usu?rios de diur?ticos poupadores de pot?ssio, 90,0% possui inadequa??o de consumo de magn?sio; dos usu?rios de digoxina, 83,3% possui inadequa??o para o magn?sio e 58,3% para c?lcio e pot?ssio. Entre os usu?rios de antiulcerosos antagonistas H2, 83,3% deles possui inadequa??o de consumo de folato. A an?lise da hidroclorotiazida, AAS e furosemida apontou respectivamente 83,2%, 82,1% e 80,0% de inadequa??o de consumo de pot?ssio. Conclus?es : O uso de medicamentos por idosos aumenta com a idade, sendo as mulheres s?o as maiores usu?rias e entre elas h? maior defici?ncia de nutrientes na alimenta??o di?ria. Os f?rmacos mais utilizados s?o tamb?m os mais envolvidos em intera??es farmacol?gicas e respons?veis pela deple??o de micronutrientes que mostraram alta preval?ncia de inadequa??o de consumo por idoso

Inadequação da ingestão alimentar em idosos: interação fármaco-nutriente = Inadequate food intake in elderly: drug-nutrient interaction = Ingesta inadecuada de alimentos en los ancianos: interacción entre medicamentos y nutrientes

Objetivos: avaliar a inadequação do consumo alimentar e a depleção estimadas de nutrientes causada pelo uso de fármacos em idosos. Métodos: estudo populacional transversal, onde participaram 427 idosos. O consumo alimentar foi obtido a partir do Recordatório Alimentar de 24 horas e da Investigação da História Dietética. O uso de medicamentos foi avaliado por um questionário farmacoterapêutico. Resultados: Dos idosos, 85,8% utilizam medicamentos, sendo os mais prevalentes inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (29,2%), ácido acetilsalicílico (28,7%), hidroclorotiazida (24,4%), inibidores da enzima hidroximetilglutaril coenzima A redutase (17,0%), carbonato de cálcio (12,6%) e inibidores das bombas de prótons (8,2%). Ácido acetilsalicílico, hidroclorotiazida e inibidores das bombas de prótons são os fármacos que possivelmente depletam o maior número de nutrientes. Dos usuários de inibidores da enzima hidroximetilglutaril coenzima A redutase, 97% poderiam possuir inadequação para vitamina E; de diuréticos poupadores de potássio, 90,0% inadequação para magnésio; de digoxina, 83,3% inadequação para magnésio e 58,3% para cálcio e potássio. Conclusões: os fármacos mais utilizados por idosos são responsáveis pela possível depleção de inúmeros micronutrientes, muitas vezes associado a uma alta prevalência de inadequação de consumo, podendo acarretar possíveis deficiências nutricionai

Chronic nasal instillation of residual-oil fly ash (ROFA) induces brain lipid peroxidation and behavioral changes in rats

Several epidemiological studies have linked particulate matter exposure to numerous adverse health effects on the respiratory, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems (Braga et al., 1999; Zanobetti et al., 2000; Anderson et al., 2001; Farhat et al., 2005). More recently, ambient levels of black carbon were associated to impaired cognitive function in children (Suglia et al., 2008), suggesting that the central nervous system (CNS) may be a target of air pollutants. The present study was conducted to (a) determine whether chronic residual oil fly ash (ROFA) exposure promotes behavioral changes and lipid peroxidation in rat brain areas, and (b) determine whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a general antioxidant, prevents these effects. Forty-five-day-old male Wistar rats were exposed or not to ROFA by intranasal instillation and were treated or not with NAC (150 mg/kg) ip for 30 days. One day later, rats were submitted to the open field test to evaluate the motor/exploratory activities and emotionality followed by decapitation. Striatum and cerebellum were dissected to determine lipid peroxidation by the accumulation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). ROFA instillation induced an increase in lipid peroxidation level in striatum (p = .033) and cerebellum (p = .030), as compared with the control group. NAC treatment blocked these changes. ROFA promoted a decrease in the frequency of peripheral walking (p = .006) and a decrease in exploration (p = .001), which were not blocked by N-acetylcysteine. The present study provides evidence that toxic particles, administered by the respiratory route, induce oxidative stress in structures of the central nervous system, as well as behavioral alterations. The administration of NAC reduces lipid peroxidation at the striatum and cerebellum levels, but does not influence behavioral disturbances