The Effects of Power and Assurance of No Future Transgressions on Post-Transgression Responses

The primary aim of this Dissertation was to investigate the effect of power on victims’ decision to seek revenge against, or hold a grudge against, or forgive the transgressor following a transgression. The secondary aim of this Dissertation was to examine one potential boundary condition as well as potential mechanisms that underlie these effects. Guided by the approach/inhibition theory of power (Keltner et al., 2003), it was hypothesized that power would have a differential effect on post-transgression responses. As predicted, Study 1 showed that power had a positive effect on revenge and a negative effect on grudge. Also as predicted, Study 2 showed that approach motivation was one mechanism underlying the power-revenge relation and inhibition motivation was one mechanism underlying the power-grudge relation. In both studies, power did not have an effect on forgiveness. In addition, Studies 3 and 4 demonstrated the moderating role of assurance of no future transgression on the relation between power and post-transgression responses. Under conditions of assurance, powerful and powerless victims were less likely to seek revenge and hold a grudge, respectively, and were more likely to forgive. Finally and contrary to the prediction, results from Study 4 showed that there was no evidence for the mediational role of victims’ ‘lack of a need to teach the transgressor a lesson’ and ‘safety’ on the moderation between power and assurance on post-transgression responses. Possible explanations of these results and limitations of this research are discussed

Darfur Conflict: A Phenomenological Study of Female Victims’ Perception of Justice

This qualitative research study used hermeneutical phenomenology to understand how female victims of the Darfur conflict perceived justice, as related to their lived experiences. Reports from the various international media and Human Rights Organizations and United Nations agencies have revealed a disproportional number of victims’ claims on the lack of effective legal ramifications for perpetrators and the high impunity rates that rob victims of achieving justice for the atrocities they have experienced. The purpose of this investigation was to discover how and if the challenges that the victims’ experienced shaped their interpretation of justice, and how they made meaning of these experiences, as related to their perceptions of justice. This study was important for building peace, since there could be no peace without justic

The model of knowledge in the career choice process – a theoretical and empirical further development

Choosing an occupation appears to be a big challenge for young adults. For a successful school-to-work transition extensive knowledge seems to be necessary. The newly designed model of knowledge in the career choice process describes different forms of knowledge as a result of enhanced efficacy beliefs and intense career choice activities (information readiness and exploration). Along this model expectation, five different forms of knowledge relevant to the career choice will be explained. In the analysis, based on a data set with 493 young adults in grades 7-12, the five models were confirmed and acceptable proportions of the explained variance were determined. For the practice of career guidance and counseling, these results mean that intervention should aim at strengthening the self-efficacy. Therefore, concret

Development of Measuring System using CSI on ITIL V3 for Improvement at Oil Palm Plantation Company

Many information technology services firms now offer services and consider software availability to be a critical component of achieving excellence and competing in the industry. The most crucial factor for customers is the quality of service, consumer needs, the state of the organization/company, and the present market should all be considered when improving their service. In this study, an ITSM analysis will be carried out at an oil palm plantation company based in West Kalimantan Province using ITIL framework V3 by focusing on continual service improvement, which largely relies on service measurement because a process must be measurable to be regulated and improved. To achieve continuous service improvement (CSI) throughout the service life cycle, we use the 7-step process to improve is used to establish and take care of the stages involved in identifying, defining, collecting, processing, analyzing, presenting, and implementing changes. The result of this analysis is CSF and KPI analysis that produce metrics, such as the average resolution time, the percentage of events allocated more than once, and the initial response time, then create a measurement system that is in accordance with the needs and can be used as a reference for the company's system assessment.Many information technology services firms now offer services and consider software availability to be a critical component of achieving excellence and competing in the industry. The most crucial factor for customers is the quality of service, consumer needs, the state of the organization/company, and the present market should all be considered when improving their service. In this study, an ITSM analysis will be carried out at an oil palm plantation company based in West Kalimantan Province using ITIL framework V3 by focusing on continual service improvement, which largely relies on service measurement because a process must be measurable to be regulated and improved. To achieve continuous service improvement (CSI) throughout the service life cycle, we use the 7-step process to improve is used to establish and take care of the stages involved in identifying, defining, collecting, processing, analyzing, presenting, and implementing changes. The result of this analysis is CSF and KPI analysis that produce metrics, such as the average resolution time, the percentage of events allocated more than once, and the initial response time, then create a measurement system that is in accordance with the needs and can be used as a reference for the company's system assessment

Trichostatin A induces 5-lipoxygenase promoter activity and mRNA expression via inhibition of histone deacetylase 2 and 3

The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in the formation of leukotrienes. We have previously shown that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) activates 5-LO transcription via recruitment of Sp1, Sp3 and RNA polymerase II to the proximal promoter. To identify the HDACs involved in the regulation of 5-LO promoter activity isoform-specific HDAC inhibitors were applied. 5-LO promoter activity and mRNA expression were up-regulated by the class I HDAC inhibitors apicidin and MS-275 but not by class II inhibitors. Knockdown of HDAC 1, 2 and 3 revealed that HDAC2 and HDAC3 but not HDAC1 is involved in the up-regulation of 5-LO mRNA expression. To analyse the chromatin modifications at the 5-LO promoter associated with HDAC inhibition, the time course of 5-LO mRNA induction by trichostatin A was investigated and the concomitant changes in histone modifications at the 5-LO promoter in HL-60, U937 and Mono Mac6 cells were determined. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that trichostatin A increases acetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the 5-LO core promoter in HL-60 and U937 cells whereas no significant changes were observed in Mono Mac6 cells. The appearance of H3 and H4 acetylation preceded the 5-LO mRNA induction whereas in all three cell lines, induction of 5-LO mRNA expression correlated with histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), a marker for transcriptional activity of gene promoters

Responsible Engagement: Building a Culture of Concern

As we scale up engagement with communities around the world, how do we ensure that the foundational engagement principles of responsiveness, respect, and accessibility are never compromised? While community engagement is important and can have a dramatic positive impact, it can also result in unintended negative consequences for all stakeholders, including community members, students, faculty, and staff. At Penn State, we are developing a framework for an Engagement Review Board (ERB) to proactively educate university members about the principles and best practices of engagement, and to work with them to ensure that collaborative projects benefit all stakeholders in spirit and substance. This article summarizes the larger challenge of equitable community engagement and makes the case that there is a need for additional protection such as through an ERB. The various resources and functions that can be provided by an ERB across the life cycle of engagement projects are described. The objective is to stimulate discussion on how we can collectively develop an infrastructure—undergirded by a “culture of concern” rather than a “culture of compliance”—to strengthen and mainstream community engagement without making it more onerous to all stakeholders

Canine Splenic Disease: A Clinico-Pathological and Ultrasonographical Study

During the last two decades, two-dimensional ultrasonography has been introduced in the evaluation of abdominal disease. It provides a rapid non- invasive means of supplementing information obtained by physical examination and radiography. Ultrasonography accurately depicts changes in size, shape and spatial relationships of abdominal organs; however, limitations include the non-specific nature of many observed abnormalities, which prevents a definite diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of ultrasonography in detecting disease affecting the canine spleen by comparison with clinicopathological findings. Scanning was performed on the ventral abdominal wall using a 3.75 MHz curvilinear probe. Fourteen cases were studied, 13 dogs and one cat. Non-specific clinical signs were seen in the cases studied and variable sonographic appearances. One case of haemangioma was presented, the ultrasonographic lesion was of mixed echogenicity. Two cases of haemangiosarcoma also showed a mixed echogenicity with acoustic enhancement. The sonographic appearance of splenic nodular hyperplasia varied between hyperechoic, heteroechoic, and hypoechoic. Cystic structures seen in this study include a splenic abscess, haematoma and anechoic masses on the liver; all appeared hypoechoic to anechoic with acoustic enhancement and edge shadowing. Splenic lymphosarcoma showed multifocal hypoechoic lesions. Metastatic adenocarcinoma was seen in two cases as multifocal hypoechoic lesions; both cases had hepatic involvement. Splenic infarcts were seen as hypoechoic areas causing distortion of the splenic capsule. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma was seen sonographically as a heteroechoic lesion with some areas casting distal acoustic enhancement. One case had nodular lesions which were not confirmed by the histopathological examination, however, extramedullary haematopoiesis was a main feature in this and another case which sonographically showed multifocal linear hypoechoic areas which were deduced to be dilated splenic vessels. The conclusion of this study is that ultrasonography is an important modality for studying the canine spleen

An exploration of teachers' use of assistive technology in inclusive classrooms within the context of universal design for learning and students' response to these methods and tools

Teachers must employ instructional approaches and tools that assist all students in accessing the curriculum, engaging in learning activities, and demonstrating their achievements. Universal design for learning and assistive technology make the curriculum and instructional practices accessible and engaging for all students. As there is little research examining the use of assistive technology in inclusive environments, this exploratory study uses semi-structured interviews with teachers, focus groups with students, and classroom observations to examine how elementary teachers implement assistive technology in general education classrooms within the context of universal design for learning and the supports and challenges that influence these practices

The Extraction of Type II Collagen and the Electrospinning of Nano-Fibrous Scaffolds

Articular cartilage lining joints, such as in the knee, functions to reduce friction and absorb shock. Collagen type II is the largest constituent in the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage and its restoration is of the highest interest to tissue engineers. Cartilage has little ability to naturally regenerate due to the absence of vascularity and the inability of the chondrocytes to proliferate at a high rate. It would be ideal to create a mimicking extracellular matrix/scaffold from type II collagen that could possibly be used to replace damaged articular cartilage that has the same function and morphology. Three different groups of cartilage chips were utilized to extract type II collagen. The yield of the three groups was compared. The extracted type II collagen from the three groups was electrospun at the concentrations of 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.12 g/mL. Both the pore size and fiber diameter were analyzed. A SDS-Page was performed on the material to assure it was pure type II collagen and that no collagen type I contamination was present