Os verbos "ser" e "estar" em oposição ao verbo "sein" do alemão

People who learn Portuguese usually have difficulties in using two of the most frequent verbs of the Portuguese verbal system: ser and estar. Native speakers of German for example fail to easily identify the differences between these verbs, which are compared with the German verb sein. Our purpose is to describe these verbs, their meaning and function, and also to attempt to find criteria to help learners to identify the differences to use these verbs. Some of the differences can be explained by the speakers experiences and the context.Lerner des Portugiesischen als Fremdsprache haben oft Schwierigkeiten, die zwei häufig gebrauchten Verben des portugiesischen Verbalsystems ser und estar zu verwenden. Deutschsprachige erkennen kaum die Unterschiede zwischen diesen Verben, die im Deutschen oft mit dem Verb sein gleichgesetzt werden, das auch in ähnlichen Strukturen und Situationen vorkommt. In dieser Arbeit beschäftigen wir uns damit, diese Verben in ihrer Funktion und Bedeutung zu beschreiben und versuchen, Kriterien aufzustellen, die dem Lernenden helfen können, diese Unterschiede besser zu verstehen und dadurch die Verben besser anzuwenden. Einige Unterschiede können durch die Erfahrungen des Sprechers und durch den Kontext erklärt werden

A revisão de textos como mediadora do processo de construção do sentido

O presente trabalho tem por escopo apresentar o trabalho do revisor de textos acadêmico-científicos à luz de alguns pressupostos da Teoria da Comunicação e da Linguística Textual. Partindo de conceitos como emissor, receptor, canal, mensagem, código, ruído, texto, textualidade, contexto, intencionalidade e aceitabilidade, apresentamos o trabalho de revisão de texto como um trabalho de mediação entre o autor e o leitor visando à produção do sentido que consiste na elaboração de um texto claro e eficiente do ponto de vista da comunicação no processo de interação que se estabelece entre aquele que escreve o texto e aquele que vai lê-lo

Estrongiloidíase intestinal invasiva como causa de abdome agudo, em paciente submetido à corticoterapia

Overwhelming helminthiasis is still a problem in endemic areas, especially in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of invasive intestinal strongyloidiasis that was clinically expressed as acute abdominal distress in a 73-year-old man from São Paulo who had been receiving methylprednisone, 20 mg/day, for one year for osteoarthritis. A surgical specimen from the ileum revealed invasive enteritis with severe infestation by Strongyloides stercoralis. The patient died of sepsis 6 days after surgery. The possibility of invasive strongyloidiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal distress in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.A síndrome de hiperinfecção por Strongyloides stercoralis ainda constitui problema em áreas endêmicas, especialmente em pacientes portadores de imunosupressão. Os autores relatam um caso de estrongiloidíase intestinal invasiva, que se apresentou clinicamente com quadro de abdome agudo obstrutivo, em um paciente masculino de 73 anos, que estava recebendo metilprednisona 20 mg/dia há um ano devido à osteoartrite. O exame anatomopatológico de segmento do íleo demonstrou enterite invasiva com intensa infestação por Strongyloides stercoralis. O paciente evoluiu para óbito com quadro de septicemia, 6 dias após a intervenção cirúrgica. O presente caso destaca a importância da avaliação pré-operatória de estados co-mórbidos, mesmo em condições de urgência, visto que podem comprometer o êxito do tratamento cirúrgico e a vida do paciente. A possibilidade de estrongiloidíase intestinal invasiva deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial dos quadros de abdome agudo em pacientes submetidos à terapêutica imunossupressora

Microcephaly caused by or associated with congenital infections in the last 20 years in Brazil: a systematic review

This systematic review aimed to identify the pathogens causing or associated with congenital microcephaly in Brazil in the last 20 years due to the lack of official information by the Health Authorities and, as a consequence the uncertainty on the real infectious etiology of congenital microcephaly. A review protocol was prepared according to the PRISMA recommendation, using the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases to search for references presenting original data on microcephaly caused by or associated with congenital infectious in Brazil, using the descriptors “MICROCEPHALY AND INFECTION”. The search ended on 30/Jun/2020. All selected titles were read in full and analyzed independently by the three reviewers. After searching the databases, 2,389 articles were selected for title review. Of these, 109 were excluded due to duplicates and 2,236 according to the criteria defined in the review. Only 44 met the eligibility criteria and were therefore read in full. Data extraction was performed on 10 articles, all published after 2015. Seven studies were literature reviews or case series, only two were case-control, and one was a cross-sectional study. As the studies focused on the period of the ZIKV epidemic in Brazil, the cases of congenital microcephaly between 2015 and 2017 were attributed to maternal infection by this virus when it was not possible to prove the presence of other etiological agents. Among the TORCH agents, a predominance of syphilis was observed. The analyzed studies did not add consistent information about the infectious causes or association of microcephaly in Brazil outside the period of ZIKV epidemic, revealing the need for more studies on the subject