Impacto do desenvolvimento do agronegócio nas economias periféricas de Brasil e Paraguai

O artigo trata da inserção do Brasil e do Paraguai no contexto internacional na condição de países periféricos em função da dependência econômica da produção de commodities. A partir de revisão de literatura e de análise de relatórios econômicos, contextualiza-se o peso do setor agrícola no PIB de cada país e analisa-se o desempenho de ambos na atual dinâmica da globalização, aprofundando a discussão com as questões relativas ao embate centro-periferia. Por fim, verifica-se que Brasil e Paraguai são dependentes do cenário mundial, regido pelos países que controlam o capitalismo internacional, portanto na condição de periféricos e sem perspectivas de mudança

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Culture criticism in Latin America and the concept of the periphery: an analysis of the studies of Beatriz Sarlo and Roberto Schwarz

O tema do presente trabalho de pesquisa se refere à crítica de cultura da América Latina e ao conceito de periferia à luz das obras Jorge Luis Borges, um escritor na periferia, de Beatriz Sarlo; e Um mestre na periferia do capitalismo, de Roberto Schwarz. O problema da pesquisa consiste em verificar se o uso do conceito de periferia por Sarlo e Schwarz não se torna uma abordagem generalista para pensar a crítica de cultura latino-americana na exata medida em que sinaliza os escritores Jorge Luis Borges e Machado de Assis como exceção ao lugar-comum periférico. A hipótese de pesquisa que norteia este trabalho é: apesar de Beatriz Sarlo e Roberto Schwarz investigarem escritores diferentes (e de épocas distintas), é o conceito de periferia que dá novo significado às obras de Jorge Luis Borges e de Machado de Assis, forjando, assim, um novo pressuposto para a crítica de cultura no Brasil e na Argentina. Como consequência dessa leitura, estaria concebida uma proposta para a crítica de cultura da América Latina como território periférico por excelência: de um lado, hostil para os princípios do liberalismo; de outro, complexo para a acomodação da estética do modernismo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar como a leitura das obras de Jorge Luis Borges e de Machado de Assis, quando entendidas a partir da dinâmica centro-periferia, tem sido utilizada não somente para reafirmar essa posição subalterna da América Latina no âmbito da crítica de cultura, mas também para apontar Jorge Luis Borges e Machado de Assis como contrapontos dessa condição periférica exatamente porque eles conseguiram reagir a essa conjuntura assim como se pretendeu observar a trajetória intelectual de Sarlo e Schwarz como autores que desempenham um papel fundamental na crítica de cultura da América Latina. Como aporte metodológico, foi adotada a pesquisa bibliográfica interdisciplinar, buscando investigar, assim, não apenas o conceito de periferia, como também o papel dos intelectuais à luz de literatura especializada. Beatriz Sarlo e Roberto Schwarz são autores cuja influência ultrapassa a dinâmica dos estudos literários, haja vista que suas análises ocupam espaços importantes no contexto do debate político e no âmbito das vanguardas estéticas.The main theme of this work refers to the critique of Latin American culture and to the concept of periphery in the light of works Jorge Luis Borges, a writer on the Edge, by Beatriz Sarlo, and A master on the periphery of capitalism: Machado de Assis, by Roberto Schwarz. The problem of the research consists in verifying if the use of the concept of periphery by Sarlo and Schwarz does not become a generalist approach to think the critique of Latin American culture to the exact extent that it signals writers Jorge Luis Borges and Machado de Assis as an exception to the peripheral common place. The hypothesis of research that guides this work is: although Beatriz Sarlo and Roberto Schwarz investigate different writers (and from different times), it is the concept of periphery that gives new meaning to the works of Jorge Luis Borges and Machado de Assis. Thus, a new assumption for the culture critique in Brazil and Argentina is organized. As a consequence of this reading, a proposal would be conceived for the critique of Latin American culture as peripheral territory par excellence: on the one hand, hostile to the principles of liberalism, on the other, too complex for the accommodation of the aesthetics of modernism. In this sense, the main purpose of this research was to evaluate how the reading of the works of Jorge Luis Borges and Machado de Assis, when understood from the center-periphery dynamics, has been used not only to reaffirm this subaltern position of Latin America in the cultural criticism, but also to point out Jorge Luis Borges and Machado de Assis as counterpoints to this peripheral condition - precisely because they have managed to react to this status quo - just as it was intended to observe the intellectual trajectory of Sarlo and Schwarz as authors who play a fundamental role in critical thinking of Latin American culture. As a methodological contribution, the interdisciplinary bibliographical research was adopted, seeking to investigate, not only the concept of the periphery, but also the role of the intellectuals in the light of specialized literature. Beatriz Sarlo and Roberto Schwarz are authors whose influence goes beyond the dynamics of literary studies, given that their analyzes occupy important spaces in the context of political debate and within the framework of aesthetic vanguards

Culture criticism in Latin America and the concept of the periphery: an analysis of the studies of Beatriz Sarlo and Roberto Schwarz

O tema do presente trabalho de pesquisa se refere à crítica de cultura da América Latina e ao conceito de periferia à luz das obras Jorge Luis Borges, um escritor na periferia, de Beatriz Sarlo; e Um mestre na periferia do capitalismo, de Roberto Schwarz. O problema da pesquisa consiste em verificar se o uso do conceito de periferia por Sarlo e Schwarz não se torna uma abordagem generalista para pensar a crítica de cultura latino-americana na exata medida em que sinaliza os escritores Jorge Luis Borges e Machado de Assis como exceção ao lugar-comum periférico. A hipótese de pesquisa que norteia este trabalho é: apesar de Beatriz Sarlo e Roberto Schwarz investigarem escritores diferentes (e de épocas distintas), é o conceito de periferia que dá novo significado às obras de Jorge Luis Borges e de Machado de Assis, forjando, assim, um novo pressuposto para a crítica de cultura no Brasil e na Argentina. Como consequência dessa leitura, estaria concebida uma proposta para a crítica de cultura da América Latina como território periférico por excelência: de um lado, hostil para os princípios do liberalismo; de outro, complexo para a acomodação da estética do modernismo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar como a leitura das obras de Jorge Luis Borges e de Machado de Assis, quando entendidas a partir da dinâmica centro-periferia, tem sido utilizada não somente para reafirmar essa posição subalterna da América Latina no âmbito da crítica de cultura, mas também para apontar Jorge Luis Borges e Machado de Assis como contrapontos dessa condição periférica exatamente porque eles conseguiram reagir a essa conjuntura assim como se pretendeu observar a trajetória intelectual de Sarlo e Schwarz como autores que desempenham um papel fundamental na crítica de cultura da América Latina. Como aporte metodológico, foi adotada a pesquisa bibliográfica interdisciplinar, buscando investigar, assim, não apenas o conceito de periferia, como também o papel dos intelectuais à luz de literatura especializada. Beatriz Sarlo e Roberto Schwarz são autores cuja influência ultrapassa a dinâmica dos estudos literários, haja vista que suas análises ocupam espaços importantes no contexto do debate político e no âmbito das vanguardas estéticas.The main theme of this work refers to the critique of Latin American culture and to the concept of periphery in the light of works Jorge Luis Borges, a writer on the Edge, by Beatriz Sarlo, and A master on the periphery of capitalism: Machado de Assis, by Roberto Schwarz. The problem of the research consists in verifying if the use of the concept of periphery by Sarlo and Schwarz does not become a generalist approach to think the critique of Latin American culture to the exact extent that it signals writers Jorge Luis Borges and Machado de Assis as an exception to the peripheral common place. The hypothesis of research that guides this work is: although Beatriz Sarlo and Roberto Schwarz investigate different writers (and from different times), it is the concept of periphery that gives new meaning to the works of Jorge Luis Borges and Machado de Assis. Thus, a new assumption for the culture critique in Brazil and Argentina is organized. As a consequence of this reading, a proposal would be conceived for the critique of Latin American culture as peripheral territory par excellence: on the one hand, hostile to the principles of liberalism, on the other, too complex for the accommodation of the aesthetics of modernism. In this sense, the main purpose of this research was to evaluate how the reading of the works of Jorge Luis Borges and Machado de Assis, when understood from the center-periphery dynamics, has been used not only to reaffirm this subaltern position of Latin America in the cultural criticism, but also to point out Jorge Luis Borges and Machado de Assis as counterpoints to this peripheral condition - precisely because they have managed to react to this status quo - just as it was intended to observe the intellectual trajectory of Sarlo and Schwarz as authors who play a fundamental role in critical thinking of Latin American culture. As a methodological contribution, the interdisciplinary bibliographical research was adopted, seeking to investigate, not only the concept of the periphery, but also the role of the intellectuals in the light of specialized literature. Beatriz Sarlo and Roberto Schwarz are authors whose influence goes beyond the dynamics of literary studies, given that their analyzes occupy important spaces in the context of political debate and within the framework of aesthetic vanguards

Impacto do desenvolvimento do agronegócio nas economias periféricas de Brasil e Paraguai

O artigo trata da inserção do Brasil e do Paraguai no contexto internacional na condição de países periféricos em função da dependência econômica da produção de commodities. A partir de revisão de literatura e de análise de relatórios econômicos, contextualiza-se o peso do setor agrícola no PIB de cada país e analisa-se o desempenho de ambos na atual dinâmica da globalização, aprofundando a discussão com as questões relativas ao embate centro-periferia. Por fim, verifica-se que Brasil e Paraguai são dependentes do cenário mundial, regido pelos países que controlam o capitalismo internacional, portanto na condição de periféricos e sem perspectivas de mudança

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN