Competências transversais: um estudo com os estagiários do PEJENE nos anos 2015 e 2016

O estágio apresenta-se como uma das fases mais importantes na aquisição de conhecimentos práticos na vida de um estudante. Perceber se esta experiência decorre exatamente da mesma forma que é idealizada, contribui para a melhoria do estágio enquanto pré-bagagem do mercado de trabalho. Nesse sentido, surge este estudo aliado à Fundação da Juventude, mais concretamente ao programa PEJENE. Neste programa, vários estudantes, de várias áreas e várias faculdades, têm a oportunidade de estagiar e viver o conhecimento que aprenderam durante anos. O objetivo central desta dissertação, pretende-se em percecionar se as competências transversais obtidas diferem das competências expectáveis pelos estagiários do PEJENE, no período entre 2015 e 2016. O estudo empírico alicerçou-se numa triangulação de dados, em concreto, numa metodologia quantitativa (através da aplicação de um questionário online) e qualitativa (com base numa análise documental). Os resultados sugerem que, apesar da existência de alguns aspetos e obtenção de competências que podem ser melhoradas, os estágios acabam por corresponder às expectativas da maioria dos estudantes. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem diferentes perceções dos estagiários sobre (o modo de) aquisição de competências transversais, expetadas e adquiridas, no âmbito do PEJENE.The internship presents itself as one of the most important phases in the acquisition of practical knowledge in a student's life. Realizing if this experience takes place in exactly the same way as it is idealized, contributes to the improvement of the internship as a pre-baggage in the labor market. In this sense, this study comes together with the Youth Foundation, more specifically with the PEJENE programme. In this program, several students, from various fields and various faculties, have the opportunity to intern and live the knowledge they have learned over the years. The main objective of this dissertation is to perceive whether the transversal skills obtained differ from the skills expected by PEJENE trainees, in the period between 2015 and 2016. The empirical study was based on data triangulation, specifically, on a quantitative methodology ( through the application of an online questionnaire) and qualitative (based on document analysis). The results suggest that, despite the existence of some aspects and the achievement of skills that can be improved, the internships end up meeting the expectations of most students. The results of this study suggest different perceptions of trainees about (the way of) acquisition of transversal skills, expected and acquired, within the scope of PEJENE

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London