Effect of Atmospheric Oxidation on Bioavailability of Meat Iron and Liver Weights in Rats

Iron bioavailability of diets containing oxidized turkey and oxidized beef meat was investigated in two experiments. In both vi studies male, weanling rats were made anemic by consumption of a low iron diet and bleeding. The experimental diets were prepared so that meat was the only source of iron. Hemoglobin regeneration served as the basis for measuring iron utilization. In experiment 1, lyophilized, uncooked turkey meat was allowed to oxidize at 20-22°C for 0, 48, 96, 144, 216, or 264 hours and then fed to the rats. The length of oxidation time of the turkey meat did not significantly affect the growth of the rats or the bioavailability of the meat iron. In experiment 2, lyophilized, uncooked beef was allowed to oxidize at 20-22°C for 14 days. Anemic rats were fed diets composed of basal, basal + iron, basal + iron + formaldehyde, 100% fresh beef, 75% fresh 25% oxidized beef, 50% fresh-50% oxidized beef, 25% fresh-75% oxidized, 100% oxidized beef and 100% fresh beef + formaldehyde. Rats fed severely oxidized beef diets had decreased body weight, enlarged livers and depressed hematinic responses. Formaldehyde did not significantly affect iron utilization in rats fed basal diets, but depressed liver iron storage in rats fed fresh beef. A third experiment to further compare the chemical properties of uncooked, lyophilized hand deboned and mechanically deboned beef and turkey meat was performed. Analysis by the Thiobarbituric Acid Method, Formaldehyde Value, and Iodine Number indicated increased sophistication of testing methods for lyophilized meats needs to be developed. Although the Thiobarbituric Acid Method was successfully used in Experiment 1, unreliable results were obtained using this method in Experiment 3. It is assumed that this variability in results is due to using the Thiobarbituric Acid Method with a dry system. The problems encountered with the Formaldehyde Value included contamination of the water supply with aldehydes and unreliable reagent. The Iodine Number was unreliable used on meat samples. Possibly the fat could be extracted from the meat under cool nitrogen to prevent further oxidation of the fat. Then the iodine number could be determined on the extracted fat

The Effects of Sixth Grade Students\u27 Processes of Accessing Information (Following the Neuro-Linguistic Programming Model) on Their Spelling Abilities

This study was conducted to determine whether or not the process students’ use to access spelling information will predict their abilities to spell words correctly. The subjects involved in this study included 50 sixth grade students from low average, average, high average and gifted reading groups. Subjects were given an oral spelling test consisting of 12 words of mixed phonemic and visual complexity. Their eye movements were observed while they were completing the spelling task. Subjects\u27 eye movements were then categorized as to their indication of processing in either the visual, auditory or kinesthetic mode. This analysis followed the Neuro-Linguistic Programming model. Results were analyzed using correlation regression technique. The coefficient of determination (r2) was found to equal .11. This showed a very weak correlation between the process students used to spell (according to the Neuro-Linguistic Programming model) and their abilities to spell words correctly. The findings indicated that there is little support for the notion that it is possible to predict students\u27 abilities to spell words correctly based upon their use of representational systems

General dynamics of the physical-chemical systems in mammals

Biodynamic regulator chain models for physical chemical systems in mammal

Determining the Price-Responsiveness of Demands for Irrigation Water Deliveries versus Consumptive Use

A water-crop simulation/mathematical programming model of irrigation water demand in northeastern Colorado is formulated to develop an original concept of derived demand for consumptive use of water. Conventional demand functions for water deliveries are also developed, and the effect of hypothetical price increases on both consumption and delivery are illustrated. Findings indicate that demand elasticity estimates are quite sensitive to model specification, and consumptive use demand tends to be significantly less price-responsive than delivery demand. Thus price incentives are likely to have only limited impacts on basin-wide water consumption and would not make much additional water available for emerging demands.crop simulation, irrigation, mathematical programming, water conservation, water-demand elasticities, water policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Replacement of electronics with fluid interaction devices summary report

Replacement of electronics with fluid interaction devices in actuation syste

Efficient design of piezoresitive sensors based on carbon black conductive composites

Flexible and stretchable sensors are widely investigated taking into account their potential for wearable electronics, such as electronic skin, healthcare monitoring, human-machine interfaces, and soft robotics. In this contribution, highly sensitive conductive polymer composites (CPCs) for piezoresistive sensing are summarized, considering a straightforward manufacturing process based on extrusion of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and/or olefin block copolymer (OBC), carbon black (CB), and additionally polyethylene-octene elastomer (POE) grafted with maleic anhydride (POE-g-MA). The design of the formulation variables is successfully performed to enable both low and high strain sensing, as highlighted by both static and dynamic testing

Resultados preliminares do projeto zoneamento do déficit hídrico do TSA utilizando técnicas de teledetecção espacial.

Definição do problema; Apresentação do organograma de trabalho a ser realizado; Dados tratados; Constituição do arquivo bruto.bitstream/item/143278/1/ID-31857.pdfNão publicado

Bio-material polylactic acid/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blend developed for extrusion- based additive manufacturing

Bio-material polylactic acid and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) were blended to achieve increased ductility of the blend. Cloisite was added to improve the stiffness of the blend. The blends were made into filament suitable for extrusion-based additive manufacturing. Melt flow index of the filament and mechanical properties of the printed bars were tested. Preliminary results showed that the melt flow index increases significantly with cloisite and the modulus of polylactic acid/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) improved slightly. The notched impact strength of the blend increased with increasing content of cloisite, and it increased significantly after annealing, especially for blends without cloisite

What do pedometer counts represent? A comparison between pedometer data and data from four different questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: To compare physical activity (PA) reported through pedometer registrations (step counts) with PA reported in four different questionnaires; to compare step count thresholds (7,500, 10,000 and 12,500 steps/d) with the PA guideline of 30 min of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) per day. SUBJECTS: A sample of 310 healthy adults, mean age 38.7 (sd 11.9) years, volunteered to participate. Forty-seven per cent was male and 93 % of the sample was employed. METHODS: PA was assessed by interview (Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (MLTPAQ)), three self-administered questionnaires (long version and short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long-form IPAQ, short-form IPAQ), Baecke questionnaire) and seven consecutive days of pedometer registration. RESULTS: Step counts correlated positively with questionnaire-based PA. The strongest correlations were found between step counts and total PA reported in the long-form IPAQ (rs = 0.37), moderate PA reported in the short-form IPAQ (rs = 0.33), total and moderate PA reported in the MLTPAQ (rs = 0.32), and the total and leisure-time PA indices (excluding sport) reported in the Baecke questionnaire (rs = 0.44). According to step counts, 22.6 % of the participants were somewhat active, 18.7 % active and 39.4 % highly active. As assessed by the long-form IPAQ, short-form IPAQ and MLTPAQ, the guideline of 30 min MVPA/d was reached by respectively 85.4 %, 84.8 % and 68.0 % of participants. CONCLUSION: Pedometer-based data offer adequate information to discriminate between levels of PA. Caution is needed when comparing active samples based on different PA recommendations

Using an audit tool (MAPS Global) to assess the characteristics of the physical environment related to walking for transport in youth : reliability of Belgian data

Background: The aim was to examine inter-rater and alternate-form reliability of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) Global tool to assess the physical environment along likely walking routes in Belgium. Methods: For 65 children participating in the BEPAS-children study, routes between their individual homes and the nearest pre-defined destination were defined. Using MAPS Global, physical environmental characteristics of the routes were audited by 4 trained auditors (2 on-site, 2 online using Google Street View). Inter-rater reliability was studied for on-site and online ratings separately. Alternate-form reliability was examined by comparing on-site with online ratings. Results: Inter-rater reliability for on-site ratings was acceptable for 68% of items (kappa range 0.03–1.00) and for online ratings for 60% of items (kappa range −0.03 to 1.00). Acceptable alternate-form reliability was reported for 60% of items (kappa range −0.01 to 1.00/r range 0.31–1.00). Conclusions: MAPS Global can be used to assess the physical environment of potential walking routes. For areas where Google Street View imagery is widely covered and often updated, MAPS Global can be completed online