The quality of maternal secure-base scripts predicts children's secure-base behavior at home in three sociocultural groups

The secure-base phenomenon is central to the Bowlby/Ainsworth theory of attachment and is also central to the assessment of attachment across the lifespan. The present study tested whether mothers’ knowledge about the secure-base phenomenon, as assessed using a recently designed wordlist prompt measure for eliciting attachment-relevant stories, would predict their children’s securebase behavior, as assessed by observers in the home and summarized with the Attachment Q-set (AQS). In each of three sociocultural groups (from Colombia, Portugal, and the US), scores characterizing the quality of maternal secure-base narratives elicited using the word-list prompt procedure were internally consistent, as indicated by tests of cross-story reliability, and they were positively and significantly associated with the child’s security score from the AQS for each subsample. The correlation in the combined sample was r(129) = .33, p < .001. Subsequent analyses with the combined sample evaluated the AQS item-correlates of the secure-base script score. These analyses showed that mothers whose stories indicate that they have access to and use a positive secure-base script in their story production have children who treat them as a “secure base” at home. These results suggest that a core feature of adult attachment models, in each of the three sociocultural groups studied, is access to a secure-base script. Additional results from the study indicate that cross-language translations of the maternal narratives can receive valid, reliable scores even when evaluated by non-native speakers

Insegnare l’Europa. Concetti e rappresentazioni nei libri di testo europei

Il volume presenta i risultati di una ricerca comparata che ha analizzato i manuali scolastici utilizzati oggi nei diversi paesi europei per verificare quale spazio abbia in essi la trattazione dell’Europa, quali valori e concetti vengano presentati come caratterizzanti la civiltà europea, e in quali modi l’attenzione alle appartenenze nazionali venga coniugata con la nuova centralità dell’Europa.- Indice #5- Introduzione Nazioni ed Europa nell’educazione scolastica: come vediamo noi stessi e gli “altri”?, Falk Pingel #13- Insegnare la singolarità dell’Europa, Charles Olivier Carbonell #75- Tradizione religiosa e identità nazionale nell’Europa sudorientale, Răzvan Theodorescu #103- Cittadino, europeo e cosmopolita: scopi e compiti dell’educazione civica, Alistair Ross #119- Diversi modi di vedere l’integrazione europea, Juan Díez Medrano #153- Tendenze attuali nei manuali spagnoli di storia e di geografia dell’educazione secondaria obbligatoria, Rafael Valls #173- L’Europa nei programmi e nei manuali scolastici francesi: verso una nuova comunità immaginaria europea?, Hélène Baeyens #189- L’Europa del Novecento: un’analisi dei manuali di storia della scuola media italiana degli anni Novanta, Luigi Cajani #141- “Una nuova cultura capace di superare nazionalismi e separatismi”. Esempi da libri di educazione civica italiani, Olga Bombardelli #239- L’Europa nei libri di testo di storia del Regno Unito: insegnamento e apprendimento, Keith Crawford #265- L’Europa nei testi di geografia inglesi, John Hopkin #295- “Un lento avvicinamento all’Europa”: la dimensione europea nei testi britannici di storia contemporanea, Mark Engel #319- L’Europa si sta aprendo al resto del mondo? I cambiamenti avvenuti nella rappresentazione dell’Europa nei testi scolastici della Germania dopo la riunificazione (Wende) del 1989/90, Rolf Westheider #329- Visioni del mondo legate alla geografia: l’Europa vista dagli studenti della Germania, Armin Hüttermann #353- Cittadini della Germania e dell’Ue. La rappresentazione dell’Europa nei manuali scolastici tedeschi di educazione politica, K. Peter Fritzsche #375- L’Europa nei manuali greci di educazione civica, Despina Karakatsani #395- Dalla rivoluzione mondiale al dominio degli ambienti culturali? La rappresentazione dell’Europa nei testi scolastici russi di “storia mondiale”, Michail A. Bojcov #417- Alla ricerca di un cammino verso l’Europa: la dimensione europea nei testi di storia del XX secolo della Russia, Vera Kaplan #441- L’immagine dell’Europa nei libri di testo della Romania, Mirela Luminiţa Murgescu #473- L’”altra” entità politica esterna e le immagini dell’Europa nei manuali di storia moderna della Bulgaria successivi al 1917, Snezhana Dimitrova #501- La storia europea all’università di Belgrado: momenti concettuali della sua rappresentazione, Milan Ristović #521- Ricerca storica e redazione dei libri di testo nelle entità statali nate dalla Jugoslavia socialista, Neven Budak #535- Tra euforia, moderazione e isolamento: l’Europa nei testi scolastici di storia delle repubbliche della ex Jugoslavia, Heike Karge #551- Prospettive sull’educazione ai diritti dell’uomo nella Repubblica serba, Aleksandra Petrović #59

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42\ub74% vs 44\ub72%; absolute difference \u20131\ub769 [\u20139\ub758 to 6\ub711] p=0\ub767; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5\u20138] vs 6 [5\u20138] cm H2O; p=0\ub70011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30\ub75% vs 19\ub79%; p=0\ub70004; adjusted effect 16\ub741% [95% CI 9\ub752\u201323\ub752]; p&lt;0\ub70001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0\ub780 [95% CI 0\ub775\u20130\ub786]; p&lt;0\ub70001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status. Funding: No funding

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Impact assessment of the Safe Environment Intervention Module for prevention of domestic accidents during early childhood

El impacto de la intervención Módulo Ambientes Seguros contra los accidentes domésticos que sufren niños durante la primera infancia fue evaluado a través de visitas domiciliarias en las cuales se valoró el nivel de riesgo de accidentes domésticos y la calidad del contexto inmediato de desarrollo temprano de los niños, antes y después de la intervención, en dos grupos. Se conformó un grupo intervención de 29 cuidadoras y un grupo control de 18 participantes que fueron seleccionadas según su disponibilidad para ser visitadas en sus hogares y para participar en la intervención. Los resultados mostraron que la intervención mejoró la calidad del contexto inmediato del desarrollo temprano de los niños en su dimensión interacción, y disminuyó la conducta de dejar solos a los niños en casa. Al finalizar, las participantes manifestaron un alto grado de satisfacción con la intervención Módulo Ambientes Seguros.The Safe Environment Intervention Module for the prevention of domestic accidents in early childhood was assessed using home visits to test its effects on the level of risk of domestic accidents, as well as the quality of the immediate context of early child development. The intervention was developed in four sessions in which 29 caregivers participated. They self-reported their satisfaction at the end of the intervention. A control group with 18 caregivers was formed according to their availability. The results showed that the intervention improves the quality of the immediate context of early child development in their interactive dimensions, and reduces the behaviour of leaving children alone at home. Participants were highly satisfied with the Safe Environment Intervention Module

The quality of maternal secure-base scripts predicts children's secure-base behavior at home in three sociocultural groups

The secure-base phenomenon is central to the Bowlby/Ainsworth theory of attachment and is also central to the assessment of attachment across the lifespan. The present study tested whether mothers' knowledge about the secure-base phenomenon, as assessed using a recently designed wordlist prompt measure for eliciting attachment-relevant stories, would predict their children's securebase behavior, as assessed by observers in the home and summarized with the Attachment Q-set (AQS). In each of three sociocultural groups (from Colombia, Portugal, and the US), scores characterizing the quality of maternal secure-base narratives elicited using the word-list prompt procedure were internally consistent, as indicated by tests of cross-story reliability, and they were positively and significantly associated with the child's security score from the AQS for each subsample. The correlation in the combined sample was r(129) = .33, p < .001. Subsequent analyses with the combined sample evaluated the AQS item-correlates of the secure-base script score. These analyses showed that mothers whose stories indicate that they have access to and use a positive secure-base script in their story production have children who treat them as a "secure base" at home. These results suggest that a core feature of adult attachment models, in each of the three sociocultural groups studied, is access to a secure-base script. Additional results from the study indicate that cross-language translations of the maternal narratives can receive valid, reliable scores even when evaluated by non-native speakers. © 2007 The International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development