El despertar de una gran ciudad: Madrid

The origin of the social, economic, political and cultural transformations that turned Madrid into a metropolis during the first third of the 20th century, is the result of combining three elements: surplus water, railroad and urban enlargement. This article shows the main results obtained in relation to the Madrilenian urban growth during the second half of the 19thth century through the study of Madrid´s municipal registers. Focusing on the Eastern margins of its extension, it analyses the migratory process that formed its demographic reality, the consolidation of its inhabitants’ urban segregation and the germination of a labor market divided according to gender, and where the location in the city was a variable to consider.El origen de las transformaciones sociales, económicas, políticas y culturales que convirtieron a Madrid en una metrópoli durante el primer tercio del siglo XX, se encuentra en la unión de estos tres elementos: agua, ferrocarril y ensanche. En este artículo se muestran los principales resultados obtenidos en relación al crecimiento urbano madrileño durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX a través del estudio de los padrones municipales de Madrid. Centrando la atención en el margen oriental de su ampliación, se analiza el proceso migratorio que configuró la realidad demográfica de este área urbana, la consolidación de la segregación espacial de sus habitantes y la germinación de un mercado laboral dividido por sexos y en donde la ubicación en el plano de la ciudad era una variable a tener en cuenta

El despertar de una gran ciudad: Madrid

El origen de las transformaciones sociales, económicas, políticas y culturales que convirtieron a Madrid en una metrópoli durante el primer tercio del siglo XX, se encuentra en la unión de estos tres elementos: agua, ferrocarril y ensanche. En este artículo se muestran los principales resultados obtenidos en relación al crecimiento urbano madrileño durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX a través del estudio de los padrones municipales de Madrid. Centrando la atención en el margen oriental de su ampliación, se analiza el proceso migratorio que configuró la realidad demográfica de este área urbana, la consolidación de la segregación espacial de sus habitantes y la germinación de un mercado laboral dividido por sexos y en donde la ubicación en el plano de la ciudad era una variable a tener en cuenta

Unravelling the immunomodulatory role of apple phenolic rich extracts on human THP-1- derived macrophages using multiplatform metabolomics

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGApples represent a significant source of dietary phenolic compounds with evidenced anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Nevertheless, the effect of the whole apple matrix on human macrophages is unknown. In this context, our study attempts to evaluate the effect of apple-derived phenolic compounds-rich extracts (pulp, peel and leaf) on IL-1β production in THP-1-differentiated macrophages and derived metabolic alterations through untargeted metabolomics. Our results have showed that apple pulp treatment inhibited the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β induced by LPS in THP-1 macrophages by ELISA analysis. Metabolomics demonstrate that different proportions of phenolic compounds led to differential alterations in the metabolism of THP-1 macrophages. Indeed, apple extracts promoted alterations in lipid, carbohydrate, amino acid and vitamins as well as cofactors metabolism. Specifically, leaf extracts were characterized by alteration of galactose metabolism while the extracts derived from the fruit showed predominant alterations in lipids metabolism. All extracts mimicked the response observed under normal conditions in LPS-stimulated macrophages, inhibiting LPS response. Thus, the phenolic enriched extracts from apples will be a good source of natural compounds with a beneficial effect against inflammation, and they may be applied as a food supplement and/or functional ingredient for the treatment of inflammatory diseasesFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) | Ref. 0377_IBERPHENOL_6_EFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. UIDB/50006/2020Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. PTDC/SAU-NUT/30448/2017Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | Ref. SFRH/BPD/86173/201

In silico and functional analyses of immunomodulatory peptides encrypted in the human gut metaproteome

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.103969.This work supports the massive presence of potential immunomodulatory peptides in the human gut metaproteome. These peptides were identified through the MAHMI database as potentially anti-inflammatory, and sixteen of them synthesized for characterize their mechanism of action. From them, peptide HM14 was encrypted in an extracellular protein produced by Bifidobacterium longum, a common member of the human microbiota, and displayed the highest anti-inflammatory capability. Molecular mechanism of action of HM14 pointed to a specific interaction between this immunomodulatory peptide and antigen presenting cells, which resulted in a higher formation of iTreg cells. Moreover, HM14 was effective in decreasing pro-inflammatory parameters in PBMCs isolated from a cohort of Crohns patients. Finally, non-targeted metabolomics confirmed the ability of HM14 to modulate the metabolic activity of PBMCs to fulfil its energy and biosynthetic requirements. Overall, our combined in silico/multiomics approach supports the human gut metaproteome as a source for immunomodulatory peptides.Our work is supported by the Spanish “Programa Estatal de Investigación. Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad” (grants AGL2013-44761-P and AGL2016-78311-R); the Asociación Española Contra el Cancer (“Obtención de péptidos bioactivos contra el Cáncer Colo-Rectal a partir de secuencias genéticas de microbiomas intestinales”, Grant PS-2016), by the Asturias Regional Plan I + D + i for research groups (FYCYT-IDI/2018/000236) and by the Autonomic “Investigadores Emerxentes do Sistema Universitario de Galicia” (Grant EM2014/046). This work was partially supported by the Consellería de Educación. Universidades e Formación Profesional (Xunta de Galicia) under the scope of the strategic funding of ED431C2018/55-GRC Competitive Reference Group. Finally, the authors wish to thank Jaume Morales and Rubén García form Agilent Technologies for technical support.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

In silico and functional analyses of immunomodulatory peptides encrypted in the human gut metaproteome

This work supports the massive presence of potential immunomodulatory peptides in the human gut metaproteome. These peptides were identified through the MAHMI database as potentially anti-inflammatory, and sixteen of them synthesized for characterize their mechanism of action. From them, peptide HM14 was encrypted in an extracellular protein produced by Bifidobacterium longum, a common member of the human microbiota, and displayed the highest anti-inflammatory capability. Molecular mechanism of action of HM14 pointed to a specific interaction between this immunomodulatory peptide and antigen presenting cells, which resulted in a higher formation of iTreg cells. Moreover, HM14 was effective in decreasing pro-inflammatory parameters in PBMCs isolated from a cohort of Crohn's patients. Finally, non-targeted metabolomics confirmed the ability of HM14 to modulate the metabolic activity of PBMCs to fulfil its energy and biosynthetic requirements. Overall, our combined in silico/multiomics approach supports the human gut metaproteome as a source for immunomodulatory peptides.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. AGL2013-44761-PAgencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. AGL2016-78311-

El Madrid burgués: el ensanche Este de la capital, (1860-1931)

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia Contemporánea, leída el 16-02-2015Depto. de Historia Moderna y ContemporáneaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaTRUEunpu