Percepción de las estrategias de crianza y la ansiedad en estudiantes de 5to de primaria a 5to de secundaria en una institución privada de Lima

Investigación, de tipo correlacional, que analiza las posibles relaciones entre la percepción de las estrategias de crianza y la ansiedad en estudiantes de 5to de primaria a 5to de secundaria en una institución privada de Lima. Utiliza una muestra de 422 estudiantes cuyas edades oscilan entre los 10 a 16 años, conformada por 143 hombres (33.9%) y 279 mujeres (66.1%). Los instrumentos empleados son la fichas sociodemográficas, la escala de la calidad de la interacción familiar adaptada por Domínguez (2012) y la Escala de Ansiedad manifiesta en niños adaptada por Domínguez (2013). Los resultados generales arrojan que la percepción de los hijos sobre la estrategia de crianza más utilizada por los padres y madres de la muestra es el involucramiento emocional donde los hijos perciben que sus padres los aman, seguido de sentimiento de los hijos y de los padres en la sección madre y un clima conyugal positivo en la sección padre, los hijos perciben que sus padres tienen una relación armoniosa. Las estrategias menos utilizadas son clima conyugal positivo en la sección madre y clima conyugal negativo en la sección padre, donde los hijos perciben que no son agredidos. Así mismo, en la variable ansiedad, se observa que la muestra total presenta un mayor nivel en la dimensión preocupación/concentración, enfocándose a que los estudiantes tienen cierto temor a poder relacionarse socialmente. En relación a las asociaciones halladas entre la percepción de los hijos acerca de las estrategias de crianza y la ansiedad, se puede observar que existe correlación entre la dimensión involucramiento emocional y la ansiedad cognitiva y ansiedad total en la sección madre, manifestando que los hijos mientras más lo sobreprotegen se incrementan las inseguridades, así como, entre el sentimiento de los hijos con la preocupación/concentración y la ansiedad total. Por otro lado, en relación a las asociaciones halladas entre las estrategias de crianza y la ansiedad, en la sección padre se encontraron correlaciones entre la dimensión involucramiento emocional con la preocupación/concentración y ansiedad total, la dimensión comunicación negativa y castigo físico con ansiedad fisiológica, lo que conlleva a que los hijos tengan temor a relacionarse con el medio, la dimensión clima conyugal positivo con ansiedad cognitiva y ansiedad total, y con la dimensión clima conyugal negativo con ansiedad cognitiva, los malos tratos psicológicos y una inadecuada relación entre los padres tiende a presentar preocupaciones. Finalmente, respecto a la percepción de las estrategias de crianza de la madre y padre se evidencian diferencias significativas entre varones y mujeres. En el caso de las 8 diferencias encontradas en la ansiedad de acuerdo al sexo se observa que solamente existen diferencias significativas en la ansiedad cognitiva y fisiológica. Así mismo, se realizó un análisis factorial del cuestionario de la calidad de la interacción familiar, obteniendo como resultado un reajuste en los factores de la prueba adaptada por Domínguez (2012) en cuatro factores.Tesi

Intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in Peruvian older adults

Con los recientes acuerdos del gobierno peruano con los laboratorios Sinopharm, Pfizer y Astrazeneca para la adquisición de vacunas contra la COVID-19, surge la pregunta de si un número suficiente de personas estarían dispuestas a ser inmunizadas para controlar la pandemia y la manera de garantizar que la población esté adecuadamente informada sobre la vacuna1

The effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of the Peruvian police and armed forces

Accepted: 23 Feb. 2021 The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the mental health of the general population. However, little attention has been given to the mental health of a group considered an essential category, police officers and the members of the armed forces. This study examined the mental health of 204 members of the armed forces and the police department assigned to monitor the public roads to enforce the measures adopted by the Peruvian government. The instruments used in the study included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and the Revised Mental Health Inventory-5. The results indicate that (during the last month), the majority of the participants felt nervous and edgy (81.8%), and hopeless or sad (68.2%). According to the participants, the feelings of hopelessness and discouragement were significantly affecting their ability to rebound (84.3%). Participants had mixed feelings in regards of the fear generated by COVID-19, 42.6% reported extreme anxiety or panic, 40.6% were uncomfortable to think about COVID-19, and 42.6% were afraid of losing their lives due to the illness. The fear of COVID-19 predicted 19.7% (Adjusted R2 = 0.197; F = 21.32; p = .000) of the participants’ mental health well-being. In summary, the results suggest the presence of important psychological stressors related to COVID-19 that could potentially led to the development of mental health disorders among the Peruvian police and armed forces

Explanatory Model on Academic Self-Efficacy in Engineering Students: Role of Anxiety, Dysthymia, and Negative Affect

Students in engineering tend to be loners, making interpersonal relationships and mental health issues more likely to arise. The COVID pandemic caused university students to experience anxi-ety and depression, which affected their academic performance and self-esteem. However, stu-dents’ mental health was rarely evaluated after the pandemic, especially engineering students, who showed higher levels of depression than students from other disciplines. The present study aims to establish an explanatory model of academic self-efficacy based on factors related to mental health, such as anxiety, depression, and negative emotions. The method used was quan-titative cross-sectional, and a structural equation modeling was used. A sample of 561 students (54.4% males and 45.6% females) was analyzed. Instruments to measure self-efficacy, negative affect, depression, and anxiety, previously validated and with adequate reliability, were applied. The results showed that a state of anxiety affects academic self-efficacy negatively and directly; depression and negative affect indirectly affect academic self-efficacy mediated by a state of anxiety. These results show that a student with depression problems and a predominance of negative emotions is vulnerable to present anxiety in an academic setting. This anxiety causes his efficacy beliefs to decrease. As a result, he does not feel capable of facing academic challenges

Psychometric evidence of a new short version in Spanish of the COVID-19 impact scale: A study based on confirmatory factor analysis, graded response model, multigroup analysis, and path analysis

"The aim of the study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric evidence of the Spanish version of the COVID19 impact scale in the general population of Peru, to measure psychological stress responses produced by the COVID-19 pandemic, including emotional responses and difficulty in performing activities of daily living. Participants were 601 Peruvians, who responded to an online survey consisting of questions designed to collect sociodemographic data, the CIS and the fear of COVID-19 scale. The forward and backward translation method was used to translate the English version into Spanish. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), graded response model was used to estimate the discrimination (a) and difficulty (b) parameters of the items. Multi-group CFA was used to assess measurement invariance. Regarding validity based on the validity in relation to other variables, an explanatory model was proposed using the SEM path method. The unidimensional structure of the 10-item CIS was not confirmed. Therefore, it was suggested that a six-item model of the CIS (CIS-6) provides a better fit and reliable score. The multigroup CFA showed that the CIS-6 does not exhibit measurement invariance between males and females. In addition, the CIS-6 items present adequate discrimination and difficulty indices. A higher presence of the latent trait (in this case, perception of the impact of COVID-19) is required to answer the higher response categories. The findings would help to assess those individuals more prone to the impact of the COVID19 pandemic and to have evidence for the development of interventions aimed at decreasing the impact.

"Psychometric evidence of a new short version in Spanish of the COVID-19 impact scale: A study based on confirmatory factor analysis, graded response model, multigroup analysis, and path analysis"

"The aim of the study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric evidence of the Spanish version of the COVID19 impact scale in the general population of Peru, to measure psychological stress responses produced by the COVID-19 pandemic, including emotional responses and difficulty in performing activities of daily living. Participants were 601 Peruvians, who responded to an online survey consisting of questions designed to collect sociodemographic data, the CIS and the fear of COVID-19 scale. The forward and backward translation method was used to translate the English version into Spanish. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), graded response model was used to estimate the discrimination (a) and difficulty (b) parameters of the items. Multi-group CFA was used to assess measurement invariance. Regarding validity based on the validity in relation to other variables, an explanatory model was proposed using the SEM path method. The unidimensional structure of the 10-item CIS was not confirmed. Therefore, it was suggested that a six-item model of the CIS (CIS-6) provides a better fit and reliable score. The multigroup CFA showed that the CIS-6 does not exhibit measurement invariance between males and females. In addition, the CIS-6 items present adequate discrimination and difficulty indices. A higher presence of the latent trait (in this case, perception of the impact of COVID-19) is required to answer the higher response categories. The findings would help to assess those individuals more prone to the impact of the COVID19 pandemic and to have evidence for the development of interventions aimed at decreasing the impact.

"Psychometric evidence of a new short version in Spanish of the COVID-19 impact scale: A study based on confirmatory factor analysis, graded response model, multigroup analysis, and path analysis"

"The aim of the study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric evidence of the Spanish version of the COVID19 impact scale in the general population of Peru, to measure psychological stress responses produced by the COVID-19 pandemic, including emotional responses and difficulty in performing activities of daily living. Participants were 601 Peruvians, who responded to an online survey consisting of questions designed to collect sociodemographic data, the CIS and the fear of COVID-19 scale. The forward and backward translation method was used to translate the English version into Spanish. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), graded response model was used to estimate the discrimination (a) and difficulty (b) parameters of the items. Multi-group CFA was used to assess measurement invariance. Regarding validity based on the validity in relation to other variables, an explanatory model was proposed using the SEM path method. The unidimensional structure of the 10-item CIS was not confirmed. Therefore, it was suggested that a six-item model of the CIS (CIS-6) provides a better fit and reliable score. The multigroup CFA showed that the CIS-6 does not exhibit measurement invariance between males and females. In addition, the CIS-6 items present adequate discrimination and difficulty indices. A higher presence of the latent trait (in this case, perception of the impact of COVID-19) is required to answer the higher response categories. The findings would help to assess those individuals more prone to the impact of the COVID19 pandemic and to have evidence for the development of interventions aimed at decreasing the impact.

"Psychometric evidence of a new short version in Spanish of the COVID-19 impact scale: A study based on confirmatory factor analysis, graded response model, multigroup analysis, and path analysis"

"The aim of the study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric evidence of the Spanish version of the COVID19 impact scale in the general population of Peru, to measure psychological stress responses produced by the COVID-19 pandemic, including emotional responses and difficulty in performing activities of daily living. Participants were 601 Peruvians, who responded to an online survey consisting of questions designed to collect sociodemographic data, the CIS and the fear of COVID-19 scale. The forward and backward translation method was used to translate the English version into Spanish. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), graded response model was used to estimate the discrimination (a) and difficulty (b) parameters of the items. Multi-group CFA was used to assess measurement invariance. Regarding validity based on the validity in relation to other variables, an explanatory model was proposed using the SEM path method. The unidimensional structure of the 10-item CIS was not confirmed. Therefore, it was suggested that a six-item model of the CIS (CIS-6) provides a better fit and reliable score. The multigroup CFA showed that the CIS-6 does not exhibit measurement invariance between males and females. In addition, the CIS-6 items present adequate discrimination and difficulty indices. A higher presence of the latent trait (in this case, perception of the impact of COVID-19) is required to answer the higher response categories. The findings would help to assess those individuals more prone to the impact of the COVID19 pandemic and to have evidence for the development of interventions aimed at decreasing the impact

"Psychometric evidence of a new short version in Spanish of the COVID-19 impact scale: A study based on confirmatory factor analysis, graded response model, multigroup analysis, and path analysis"

"The aim of the study was to translate and evaluate the psychometric evidence of the Spanish version of the COVID19 impact scale in the general population of Peru, to measure psychological stress responses produced by the COVID-19 pandemic, including emotional responses and difficulty in performing activities of daily living. Participants were 601 Peruvians, who responded to an online survey consisting of questions designed to collect sociodemographic data, the CIS and the fear of COVID-19 scale. The forward and backward translation method was used to translate the English version into Spanish. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), graded response model was used to estimate the discrimination (a) and difficulty (b) parameters of the items. Multi-group CFA was used to assess measurement invariance. Regarding validity based on the validity in relation to other variables, an explanatory model was proposed using the SEM path method. The unidimensional structure of the 10-item CIS was not confirmed. Therefore, it was suggested that a six-item model of the CIS (CIS-6) provides a better fit and reliable score. The multigroup CFA showed that the CIS-6 does not exhibit measurement invariance between males and females. In addition, the CIS-6 items present adequate discrimination and difficulty indices. A higher presence of the latent trait (in this case, perception of the impact of COVID-19) is required to answer the higher response categories. The findings would help to assess those individuals more prone to the impact of the COVID19 pandemic and to have evidence for the development of interventions aimed at decreasing the impact