Exploring the role of RNASET2 in the immune response of black soldier fly larvae

T2 RNases are transferase-type enzymes distributed across phyla, crucial for breaking down single-stranded RNA molecules. In addition to their canonical function, several T2 enzymes exhibit pleiotropic roles, contributing to various biological processes, such as the immune response in invertebrates and vertebrates. This study aims at characterizing RNASET2 in the larvae of black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, which are used for organic waste reduction and the production of valuable insect biomolecules for feed formulation and other applications. Given the exposure of BSF larvae to pathogens present in the feeding substrate, it is likely that the mechanisms of their immune response have undergone significant evolution and increased complexity. After in silico characterization of HiRNASET2, demonstrating the high conservation of this T2 homolog, we investigated the expression pattern of the enzyme in the fat body and hemocytes, two districts mainly involved in the insect immune response, in larvae challenged with bacterial infection. While no variation in HiRNASET2 expression was observed in the fat body following infection, a significant upregulation of HiRNASET2 synthesis occurred in hemocytes shortly after the injection of bacteria in the larva. The intracellular localization of HiRNASET2 in lysosomes of plasmatocytes, its extracellular association with bacteria, and the presence of a putative antimicrobial domain in the molecule, suggest its potential role in RNA clean-up and as an alarm molecule promoting phagocytosis activation by hemocytes. These insights contribute to the characterization of the immune response of Hermetia illucens larvae and may facilitate the development of animal feedstuff enriched with highly valuable BSF bioactive compounds

Hemorrhagic uterine necrosis after surgical vessel ligation and B-Lynch suture in persistent post-cesarean uterine atony: case report and review of literature

Uterine necrosis is a rare life-threatening condition reported in few case reports and series, associated with uterine artery embolization for uterine fibroids or postpartum hemorrhage. We report a hemorrhagic uterine necrosis in a nulliparous 35 years-old woman underwent cesarean section at 40+1 weeks of gestation for obstructed labor, presenting post-partum persisting bleeding and uterine atony and congestion. Bleeding stopped only after placement of two set of compressive sutures, curettage of uterine cavity and placement of Bakri Balloon but the uterine body never contracted and become congested. Notwithstanding an effective antibiotic therapy, the patient developed an intermittent fever and signs of severe anemia. Clinical and radiological diagnosis with CT and MRI scan were compatible with uterine necrosis characterized by hemorrhagic infarction of the uterine wall and decomposition of its muscular tissue. Hysterectomy was discussed with patient and performed on day 32 after C-section. Uterine apoplexy, a rare life-threatening disease, was detected with CT by lack of uterine contrast enhancement and a gas-filled uterine cavity and necrosis was confirmed with MRI by showing fluid degeneration of the myometrium. Failure to recognize a necrotic uterus on imaging can cause delayed hysterectomy, which is mandatory and potentially life-saving

Percutaneous Venous Angioplasty in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis And Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency: A Randomized Wait List Control Study

Objectives: Venous percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (vPTA) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) have shown contradictory results. Aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of the procedure in a randomized wait list control study. Materials: 66 adults with neurologist-confirmed diagnosis of MS and sonographic diagnosis of CCSVI were allocated in to vPTA-yes group (n=31) or vPTA-not group (n=35, control group). Venous PTA was performed immediately 15 days after randomization in PTA-yes group and 6 months later in the control group. Methods: Evoked potentials (EPs), clinical-functional measures (CFM) and upper limb kinematic measures (ULKM) were measured at baseline (T0) and six months after in both groups, just before the venous angioplasty in vPTA-not group (T1). Results: Comparing vPTA-yes and vPTA-not group, the CFM derived composite functional outcome showed 11(37%) versus 7(20%) improved, 1(3%) versus 3(8%) stable, 0 versus 7(20%) worsened and 19(61%) versus 18(51%) mixed patients (\u3c72=8.71, df=3, p=0.03). Unadjusted and adjusted (for baseline confounding variables) OR at 95% confident interval (95%CI) were respectively 1.93(1.3-2.8) P-value 0.0007 and 1.85(1.2-1.7) P-value 0.002. EPs and ULKM derived composite functional outcome showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: Venous angioplasty can positively impact a few CFM especially for the quality of life, but achieving disability improvement is unlikel

Carbenic nitrile imines: Properties and reactivity

Structures and properties of nitrile imines were investigated computationally at B3LYP and CCSD(T) levels. Whereas NBO analysis at the B3LYP DFT level invariably predicts a propargylic electronic structure, CCSD(T) calculations permit a clear distinction between propargylic, allenic, and carbenic structures. Nitrile imines with strong IR absorptions above ca. 2150 cm-1 have propargylic structures with a CN triple bond (RCNNSiMe 3 and R2BCNNBR2), and those with IR absorptions below ca. 2150 cm-1 are allenic (HCNNH, PhCNNH, and HCNNPh). Nitrile imines lacking significant cumulenic IR absorptions at 1900-2200 cm -1 are carbenic (R-(C:)-N=N-R′). Electronegative but lone pair-donating groups NR2, OR, and F stabilize the carbenic form of nitrile imines in the same way they stabilize "normal" singlet carbenes, including N-heterocyclic carbenes. NBO analyses at the CCSD(T) level confirm the classification into propargylic, allenic, and carbenic reactivity types. Carbenic nitrile imines are predicted to form azoketenes 21 with CO, to form [2+2] and [2+4] cycloadducts and borane adducts, and to cyclize to 1H-diazirenes of the type 24 in mildly exothermic reactions with activation energies in the range 29-38 kcal/mol. Such reactions will be readily accessible photochemically and thermally, e.g., under the conditions of matrix photolysis and flash vacuum thermolysis

Qual è l’effetto della radioterapia sulla funzionalità deglutitoria nei pazienti con tumore del rinofaringe e orofaringe? Risultati a breve termine di uno studio prospettico

In questo lavoro vengono riportati i risultati a breve termine di uno studio prospettico, finalizzato alla valutazione strumentale della funzionalità deglutitoria in pazienti affetti da tumore del rinofaringe e orofaringe sottoposti a trattamento radio o radiochemioterapico con tecnica ad intensità modulata (IMRT). L’ IMRT è stata finalizzata, oltre che al miglioramento della conformazione della dose radiante al volume tumorale, alla riduzione della stessa alle strutture responsabili della deglutizione (SWOARs). I criteri dello studio hanno previsto in tutti i pazienti la valutazione strumentale della deglutizione con Videofluoroscopia (VFS), Fibroscopia Endoscopica della deglutizione (FEES) e Scintigrafia Orofaringea (OPES) prima dell’inizio del trattamento e ad 1 mese dal termine dello stesso. Ogni esame è stato eseguito rispettivamente in seguito all’assunzione di un bolo liquido (L) e semiliquido (SL) e per ognuno sono stati calcolati i seguenti valori strumentali: presenza o meno di caduta pre-deglutitoria, presenza o meno di aspirazione, tempo di transito faringeo (PTT) ed indice di ritenzione ipofaringeo (HPRI). Dal Gennaio 2012 al Giugno 2013, un totale di 20 pazienti ha terminato il trattamento ed ha eseguito la valutazione strumentale a 1 mese dal termine della radioterapia. Il confronto tra i valori dell’HPRI prima e dopo il trattamento radiante ha mostrato un peggioramento significativo sia alla FEES-L (p = 0,021) e SL (p = 0,02) che alla VFS-L (p = 0,008) che SL (p = 0,005). Inoltre è stata riscontrata una significativa correlazione tra i valori dell’HPRI basale ed a 1 mese alla FEES-L e SL (p = 0,005) così come alla VFS-L e SL (p 0,2). Solo in pochi pazienti è stata riscontrata la comparsa di caduta pre-deglutitoria ( 1 paziente con tumore della base linguale alla FEES-L e SL) e la presenza di aspirazione (1 paziente con tumore del rinofaringe alla OPES-L e FEES-SL). Nel complesso i risultati iniziali del nostro studio mostrano che l’ IMRT, finalizzata al risparmio delle SWOARs, determina soltanto un significativo incremento della ritenzione di bolo a livello del distretto ipofaringeo. Un follow-up più lungo sarà necessario per valutare se tale incremento sia associato o meno ad un maggior rischio di sviluppare fenomeni di aspirazione tardivi

Prognostic factors affecting survival after surgical resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a two-unit experience over 10 years

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract which has only been recently described based on their specific immunohistochemistry and the presence of particular KIT-related mutations which potentially make them targets for tyrosine kinase inhibition. METHODS: Sixty-one patients (29 M; 32 F, median age 60 years; range: 23–86 years) between June 1994 and March 2005, were analyzed from two allied institutions. Patient, tumour, and treatment variables were analyzed to identify factors affecting survival. RESULTS: Of the 61 patients, 55 (90%) underwent complete surgical resection of macroscopic disease. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate in the 61 patients was 88% and the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) in the 55 cases completely resected was 75%. Univariate analysis revealed that R0 resection was strongly associated with a better OSrate (p < 0.0001). Likewise, univariate analysis also showed high mitotic count of > 10 mitoses/per 50 HPF was a significant variable in worse prognosis for OS (≤ 10 mitoses/per 50 HPF 95% 5-year OS vs. > 10 mitoses/per 50 HPF 74% 5-year OS, respectively; p = 0.013). On subsequent multivariate analysis, only high mitotic count remained as a significant negative prognostic variable for OS (p = 0.029). Among patients resected for cure, there were 8 recurrences during follow-up. The mean time to recurrence was 21 ± 10 months (range: 4–36 months). Univariate analysis revealed that mitotic count of > 10 mitoses per 50 high power fields, intratumoural necrosis, and pathological tumour size (> 10 cm in maximal diameter) significantly correlated with DFS (p = 0.006, 0.002 and 0.02, respectively), with tumour necrosis and high mitotic count remaining as independent predictive variables affecting prognosis on subsequent multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Most GISTs are resectable with survival principally dependent upon mitotic count and completeness of resection. Future metabolic and genetic analyses will define the role of and resistance to induction or postoperative adjuvant targeted kinase inhibition therapy

Imaging standardisation in metastatic colorectal cancer: A joint EORTC-ESOI-ESGAR expert consensus recommendation

Background: Treatment monitoring in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) relies on imaging to evaluate the tumour burden. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors provide a framework on reporting and interpretation of imaging findings yet offer no guidance on a standardised imaging protocol tailored to patients with mCRC. Imaging protocol hetero-geneity remains a challenge for the reproducibility of conventional imaging end-points and is an obstacle for research on novel imaging end-points.Patients and methods: Acknowledging the recently highlighted potential of radiomics and arti-ficial intelligence tools as decision support for patient care in mCRC, a multidisciplinary, international and expert panel of imaging specialists was formed to find consensus on mCRC imaging protocols using the Delphi method.Results: Under the guidance of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Imaging and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Groups, the European Society of Oncologic Imaging (ESOI) and the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR), the EORTC-ESOI-ESGAR core imaging protocol was identified.Conclusion: This consensus protocol attempts to promote standardisation and to diminish variations in patient preparation, scan acquisition and scan reconstruction. We anticipate that this standardisation will increase reproducibility of radiomics and artificial intelligence studies and serve as a catalyst for future research on imaging end-points. For ongoing and future mCRC trials, we encourage principal investigators to support the dissemination of these im-aging standards across recruiting centres. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Value of cytogenetic abnormalities in post-polycythemia vera and post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis: a study of the MYSEC project

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