Procesos inclusivos en el nivel inicial de educación: una perspectiva desde la niñez con y sin discapacidad

Los discursos educativos de la infancia, a través de distintas operaciones y dispositivos, han construido sujetos pedagógicos ideales con efectos performativos y predictivos que han encasillado fuertemente a niñas y niños, siendo la educación especial un lugar privilegiado para quienes no entraban en la norma de la escolaridad común. En la actualidad, bajo los discursos de la inclusión -que atraviesa todos los niveles del sistema educativo-, se apela a una diversidad de sujetos pedagógicos que pretenden romper con esos tipos ideales. Sin embargo, definir “alumno en proyecto de inclusión”, tal como hace la normativa, parece no escapar a una construcción a priori establecida en una relación educativa. Partiendo de esta problemática, en esta ponencia reflexionaremos sobre sentidos y prácticas de la inclusión por motivos de “discapacidad” producto de los avances de una investigación etnográfica situada en el nivel inicial de educación. A partir de la observación participante, la interacción e interlocución con los distintos protagonistas de la vida institucional y de una sala de 5 años de un jardín de infantes, nuestro abordaje intenta incorporar las perspectivas y experiencias de docentes, niñas y niños -sin y con discapacidad- de modo de enriquecer y ampliar la comprensión de los procesos educativos llamados inclusivos. Sin desconocer los contextos socioeducativos condicionantes, y en ocasiones altamente restrictivos, en y con los cuales el alumnado con discapacidad desarrolla su escolaridad, nuestro trabajo busca dar luz sobre las articulaciones y las relaciones a partir de las cuales la agencia de la infancia con discapacidad –históricamente negada y silenciada-contribuye a dar forma y sentido a prácticas y procesos escolares.GT55: Miradas antropológicas sobre la niñez.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Sentidos de la colaboración en investigación etnográfica en educación desde un instituto de formación docente continua

En esta ponencia compartimos reflexiones generadas a partir de la experiencia de transitar por un programa de investigación - extensión de corte colaborativo que se conformó a partir del nucleamiento de distintos proyectos de investigación. El eje de este programa fue el enfoque etnográfico en la intersección entre el campo de la antropología y la educación. Localizados en un instituto de formación docente continua (IFDC), los distintos proyectos de investigación desarrollados buscaron unificarse colaborativamente bajo la conformación de este programa con el objetivo de promover la construcción de espacios de estudio, discusión e intercambio sobre el enfoque y el método etnográfico en articulación y enriquecido por cada línea de investigación - extensión que se sumase, justificando dicha colaboración en el particular contexto en el que se producen. Nos referimos a distintos condicionantes que consideramos interfieren en las posibilidades y modos de hacer etnografía en un IFDC. Algunos de ellos son: la reglamentación, la obligatoriedad en la conformación de equipos interdisciplinarios con diversa experiencia en la actividad, los campos donde se realiza el trabajo de campo constituidos por espacios donde converge también la tarea de formación y de capacitación, requerimientos de retroalimentar rápidamente a la formación, el “sentido común” o epistemocentrismo propio de la formación docente, difícil de sortear cuando desde allí se investiga y, en nuestro caso se pretende hacer etnografía educativa. Como docentes investigadoras en un IFDC de la provincia de Río Negro, nos sentimos interpeladas por la convocatoria a este grupo de trabajo. Nos interesa analizar y poner en diálogo los modos de producir investigación etnográfica desde centros académicos cuyos objetivos privilegian la formación por sobre otras tareas, concretamente un IFDC, lo cual genera como fuera mencionado, varios condicionantes así como particulares desafíos. Nos proponemos asimismo, reflexionar acerca de los distintos sentidos que adquiere la “colaboración” referida a la interlocución de proyectos en el marco del programa aludido, a la relación de las personas al interior de cada equipo con variedad de formación y situación, así como con los interlocutores en el campo.GT 66 Etnografía, Educación y Colaboración en la Investigación.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

The effect of Zr and Sn additions on the microstructure of Ti-Nb-Fe gum metals with high elastic admissible strain

An open challenge on structural biomaterials is to obtain low-cost Ti-alloys with high elastic admissible strength (the ratio of yield strength to modulus). To reach this goal, we designed and characterized three quaternary alloys from the Ti-Nb-Fe system with additions of Zr and Sn. The samples were solution-treated and tested under two conditions: water-quenched and aged at 450 °C. Microstructures were analyzed with aid of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Tensile tests performed at room-temperature confirmed a remarkable yield strength of 1271 MPa with an elastic modulus close to 90 GPa among aged Ti-19Nb-2.5Fe-6Sn (wt%) samples. Solution-treated Ti-19Nb-2.5Fe-10Zr samples presented a good combination of yield-strength and elastic modulus (1027 MPa and 69 GPa, respectively), displaying an elastic admissible strength close to 1.5. Although Zr and Sn are equally distributed between matrix and precipitates, the diffusion of Nb and Fe seem to be inhibited by the presence of Sn. As a result, Sn allows higher yield-strengths and more refined secondary α-phase, while Zr has a stronger effect on reducing the elastic modulus. In the end, a materials selection chart is presented to help designers to select materials for orthopedic implants considering the elastic admissible strain and cost as major guidelines16011861195CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPNão tem2014/24449-0; 2016/22714-3; 2016/24693-3Funding: This work was supported by FAPESP (São Paulo State Research Foundation, grants numbers 2014/24449-0, 2016/22714-3 and 2016/24693-3) and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development). The authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. Hamish Fraser for the use of experimental facilities at the Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis (CEMAS), at the Ohio State University, USA, and thank CBMM Co. for the Nb supply. The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study. Data will be made available upon reques

Isothermal omega assisted alpha phase precipitation and microstructural evolution of an aged Ti-30Nb-3Fe alloy

The mechanical behavior of metastable β Ti alloys can be controlled through heat treatments. Thus, the relationship between the precipitation of α phase and the mechanical properties of these alloys is of special interest. In this work, the microstructure evolution of Ti-30Nb-3Fe alloy during aging heat treatments was evaluated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Moreover, Vickers hardness and elastic modulus were measured as a function of aging time. Finally, the ultimate strength and ductility of the alloy aged at 500 °C was assessed by tensile tests. In comparison to a Ti-30Nb alloy, the addition of Fe lowered the β-transus temperature, decreased the martensite start temperature to a value below room temperature, increased the precipitation temperature and reduced the dissolution temperature of ω phase, and lastly, decreased the α phase precipitation temperature. Low heating rates enabled isothermal ω phase precipitation and growth, providing favorable conditions for α phase precipitation and increasing the amount of α phase precipitates. Compared to the solution heat-treated and water-quenched condition, aging heat-treated Ti-30Nb-3Fe alloy presented higher Vickers hardness and mechanical strength, without significant loss of ductility233CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP405054/2016-588887.357955/2019-002016/24693-3The authors gratefully acknowledge the LNNano (National Nanotechnology Laboratory) at the CNPEM (National Center for Research on Energy and Materials) for allowing access to its SEM facilities. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Brazilian research funding agencies FAPESP (State of São Paulo Research Foundation) for Grant #2016/24693-3, CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) for Grant #405054/2016-5, and CAPES/PNPD (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) for Grant #88887.357955/2019-00. We thank the Brazilian Niobium Mining and Processing Company CBMM for supplying the Nb used in this stud

Abriendo algunas rejas : La prisión preventiva y la dinámica institucional

Resumen temporalmente no disponible. La presente obra no cuenta con resumen provisto por el autor.Fil. Caram, Mariana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras

Entre el riesgo ambiental y el riesgo social: buscando una salida a la tenencia irregular

La ocupación de hecho de tierras en áreas urbanas constituye una de las formas más extremas que los sectores de menores ingresos encuentran para dar solución a su necesidad habitacional, en contextos fuertemente condicionados por el mercado inmobiliario y por políticas públicas deficitarias y poco inclusivas. Estas ocupaciones suelen producirse en terrenos vacantes y carentes de condiciones de habitabilidad básica. A partir del análisis de un caso relativo a un proceso de negociación para la relocalización de un asentamiento de ocupantes de hecho, nos centraremos en las distintas definiciones de riesgo, y analizaremos qué aspectos están involucrados en cada una de ellas; así, haremos referencia al riesgo ambiental, al riesgo social y a la inseguridad en la tenencia. Veremos cómo estas nociones subyacen en la construcción de los sujetos de las políticas públicas, cómo juegan en la elaboración de la identidad colectiva de los habitantes del barrio y cómo estos conceptos interactúan (Hacking, 2001) con los distintos actores, asumiendo sentidos ambivalentes y contradictorios a lo largo del proceso

Influence of heating rate and aging temperature on omega and alpha phase precipitation in Tisingle bond35Nb alloy

Metastable β Ti alloys based on Nb exhibit features that make them suitable for load-bearing biomedical applications, so it is crucial to evaluate their phase transformation and properties. This paper discusses the effects of aging heat treatments on the microstructure, phase transformation and mechanical behavior of Tisingle bond35Nb alloy. Samples were solution heat treated in the β field, quenched and aged under different conditions of heating rates, isothermal aging temperature and isothermal aging time. To enhance the alloy's mechanical behavior, thermal analysis and high temperature X-ray diffraction experiments coupled with Vickers hardness tests were employed to determine the temperature range of isothermal ω phase precipitation, as well as α phase precipitation temperature, thereby providing information to optimize aging heat treatment conditions. Results indicate that Tisingle bond35Nb alloy subjected to a heating rate of 30 °C/min and an isothermal aging temperature of 500 °C applied for 4 h would ensure high mechanical strength and low elastic modulus. The application of these aging conditions led to a microstructure consisting of very refined α phase precipitates homogeneously dispersed in the β phase matrix, presenting an ultimate tensile strength of 972 MPa, elongation of 7.5% and elastic modulus of 78 GPa, making this aged alloy a promising candidate for biomedical applications. These results shed light on the correlations between phase transformations, microstructure and mechanical behavior in high solute content Tisingle bondNb alloys for biomedical applications145268276CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP405054/2016-52016/24693-3; 2014/00159-2The authors gratefully acknowledge LNNano/CNPEM (National Nanotechnology Laboratory of the National Center for Research on Energy and Materials) for providing access to its SEM/TEM facilities; as well as the Brazilian research funding agencies FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation, Grants #2016/24693-3 and Grants #2014/00159-2) and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Grant # 405054/2016-5) for their financial suppor

Anodization growth of TiO2 nanotubes on Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta alloy: effects of anodization time, strain hardening, and crystallographic texture

Titanium and its alloys are the most suitable metallic materials available for the fabrication of medical implants. Their biocompatibility can be improved by the growth of TiO2 nanotubes on their surface by a simple anodization process. This work involved an investigation into the anodization behavior of Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta (TNZT) alloy, focusing on the effect of processing conditions (anodization time and type of electrolyte), previous strain hardening, and crystallographic texture of the substrate. Studies about the growth of TiO2 nanotubes on beta-type titanium alloys, as the TNZT alloy, are rare in the literature. The TNZT alloy proved to be an excellent substrate for the growth of TiO2 nanotubes, resulting in threefold longer nanotubes than those obtained on a commercially pure (CP) Ti substrate. Moreover, TiO2 nanowires grew after 6 h of anodization in an organic electrolyte, which could not be achieved using the CP-Ti substrate. Samples with different crystallographic textures displayed similar nanotube morphology and only slight differences in grain length, indicating that grain orientation played only a minor role in the growth kinetics. Lastly, the crystallization of nanotubes at 450 degrees C did not alter their morphology, but caused complete detachment of the TiO2 nanotubes at 700 degrees C54211372413739FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulo2017/16715-

The effect of Sn addition on phase stability and phase evolution during aging heat treatment in Ti–Mo alloys employed as biomaterials

Increases in life expectancy and improvements in necessary healthcare attach great importance to the development of biomaterials. Ti alloys containing β stabilizing elements are often used as biomaterials due to their high specific strength, high corrosion resistance, unusual biocompatibility and low elastic moduli, which benefit bone tissues close to an implant. This study deals with phase stability in β Ti–Mo–Sn alloys processed under different conditions and was performed according to the following steps: a study of the effect of Sn content (a) on phase stability in Ti–Mo alloys, (b) on the suppression of α″ and ω phase precipitation; (c) on α-phase precipitation during aging heat treatments and (d) on mechanical properties, including the elastic modulus, as measured using tensile tests and acoustic techniques. The alloys were prepared by arc melting under a controlled atmosphere followed by homogenization heat treatment and hot rolling. Optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were employed for characterization purposes. Samples were also submitted to solution treatment above the β transus temperature and aging heat treatments under a controlled atmosphere. The results suggest that Sn suppresses the formation of the ω and α″ phases in Ti–Mo system110513CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP484379/2012-72014/06099-1The authors gratefully acknowledge the LME/LNNano/CNPEM for access to the SEM/TEM facilities; the Brazilian research funding agencies FAPESP (State of São Paulo Research Foundation) Grant # 2014/06099-1 and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) Grant # 484379/2012-7 for their financial suppor

Self-organized TiO2 nanotube layer on Ti-Nb-Zr alloys: growth, characterization, and effect on corrosion behavior

Ti alloys are widely applied in implanted biomedical devices due to their unique mechanical and biological performances. A strategy employed to improve bone integration on orthopedic and dental implants is to grow a self-organized TiO2 nanotube layer on the surface of titanium alloy implants. This paper describes the formation of self-organized TiO2 nanotubes on Ti-35Nb-2Zr and Ti-35Nb-4Zr alloys by the anodization process, as well as the effects of Zr content on TiO2 phase stability. The morphological and chemical characteristics of the nanotubes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron microscopy. In addition, a comparison was made of the electrochemical stabilities of TiO2 nanotube-coated surfaces and surfaces without nanotubes, which revealed higher corrosion resistance for the nanotube-modified surface. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results were fitted with two-time constant equivalent circuit representing the barrier layer (nanotube bottom) and the porous layer (nanotube wall). The addition of Zr suppressed omega-phase formation, preserving the alloy's low elastic modulus (64 GPa). This Zr addition also delayed the anatase-to-rutile transformation and slightly increased the nanotubes' length to 1.14 mu m. These features make the Ti-35Nb-4Zr alloy a very good candidate for use in the biomedical field, especially for applications that require low elastic modulus with enhanced corrosion resistance491110791089CNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa Do Estado De São Paulo405054/2016-52014/00159-2; 2016/24693-