22 research outputs found

    A Comparison of Parent and Teacher Ratings of Child Behaviours: the Pygmalion Effect Revisited

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    Early schooling experience is a reliable predictor of later school and professional adjustment. In the context of important investment made in the preschool curriculum to promote early academic achievement among children at risk of failure, the validity of screening and referring procedures is a rising issue. 384 children and their family participated in an 18 months longitudinal study from kindergarten to first grade. Results of the present study confirmed the value of screening protocol based on consensus between parents and teacher for greater attention to children needs. However, further results suggested that kindergarten’ teachers might be considered as a unique and valid informant to predict early academic achievement

    Preventive Intervention as Means of Clarifying Direction of Effects in Socialization: Anxious-Withdrawn Preschoolers Case

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    An indicated preventive intervention research program integrating attachment, attributional, and behaviorist perspectives was conducted to test the hypothesis that parent-child relationship disturbances directly effect the child\u27s adjustment to the preschool. Anxious-withdrawn preschool children and their mothers were divided equally into treatment and control groups, and assessed on maternal self-report of parenting stress, behavioral ratings of mother-child interaction, and teacher ratings of the children in the preschool classroom. Results showed significant changes in the treatment group: mothers in the treatment group moderated their level of control to a more appropriate, less intrusive level, while children in the treatment group showed an increase in cooperation and enthusiasm during a problem solving task with mother. Teacher-rated social competence and anxious-withdrawn behavior indicated improvement, although only the former was significant. The demonstration of effects of this home intervention for the mother on the child\u27s behavior in the preschool confirm the transactional model underlying this study and demonstrate the utility of a parent-child interaction training component for the prevention of behavioral-emotional problems in young children

    RÔLE MÉDIATEUR DE LA COMPÉTENCE DE L’ENFANT À L’ENTRÉE À L’ÉCOLE DANS LA RELATION ENTRE LES CARACTÉRISTIQUES FAMILIALES ET SON ADAPTATION SCOLAIRE

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    Cette Ă©tude vĂ©rifie le rĂŽle mĂ©diateur des compĂ©tences de lÊčenfant Ă  lÊčentrĂ©e Ă  lÊčĂ©cole, dans la relation entre les caractĂ©ristiques familiales (environnement et soutien) et lÊčadaptation scolaire (rendement scolaire et compĂ©tence sociale). Les 315 familles ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es au dĂ©but de la maternelle et Ă  la fin de la premiĂšre annĂ©e. Les analyses dÊčĂ©quations structurelles montrent que seul le lien entre soutien familial et adaptation scolaire est mĂ©diatisĂ© par les compĂ©tences de lÊčenfant Ă  lÊčentrĂ©e Ă  lÊčĂ©cole. NĂ©anmoins les caractĂ©ristiques de l’environnement familial sont liĂ©es directement Ă  la qualitĂ© de l’adaptation scolaire de l’enfant. Les considĂ©rations thĂ©oriques et cliniques de ces rĂ©sultats sont discutĂ©es dans le cadre de la prĂ©vention des problĂšmes dÊčadaptation scolaire. Mots clĂ©: adaptation scolaire; environnement familial; soutien familial; compĂ©tences individuelles; mĂ©diateur; prĂ©vention This study examines the mediating role of a child’s skill set at school entry in the relationship between family characteristics (environment and support) and school adjustment (academic performance and social skills). Three hundred and fifteen families were evaluated at the beginning of kindergarten and the end of the first year. An analysis of the structural equations suggests that a child’s skill set at school entry mediates only the link between family support and school adjustment. However, family environment characteristics are directly linked to the quality of a child’s school adjustment. The theoretical and clinical considerations of these results are discussed in the context of preventing school adjustment problems.Key words: school adjustment, family environment, family support, individual skills, mediating, prevention

    De l’utilitĂ© du dĂ©pistage cognitif et socio-affectif Ă  l’ñge prĂ©scolaire

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    Les quelques auteurs quĂ©bĂ©cois qui ont effectuĂ© une Ă©valuation systĂ©matique de programmes d’intervention au prĂ©scolaire n’ont pas observĂ© d’effets bĂ©nĂ©fiques de ces programmes. Puisque ces auteurs avaient adoptĂ© une approche mĂ©diatrice, visant Ă  Ă©valuer l’effet des programmes sur l’ensemble des enfants, nous avons cherchĂ© Ă  identifier d’éventuelles variables modĂ©ratrices de ces programmes. Les participants Ă  l’étude sont des enfants bĂ©nĂ©ficiant d’un programme d’intervention prĂ©coce puis d’une annĂ©e de maternelle. Les Ă©valuations d’ordre cognitif et socio-affectif ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es avant et aprĂšs l’intervention. Les rĂ©sultats appuient l’idĂ©e que l’intervention a Ă©tĂ© surtout utile aux enfants qui en avaient le plus besoin. Notre discussion souligne la pertinence de procĂ©der au dĂ©pistage des enfants Ă  risque dans un double but d’efficacitĂ© et d’économie.The few Quebec authors who have conducted a systematic evaluation of programs for pre-school level intervention have not seen any beneficial effects. Since these authors took a mediating approach, designed to evaluate the effects of these programs on all children, we sought to identify possible moderating variables in the programs. The participants in the study were children who had received early intervention followed by attending kindergarten for a year. Cognitive and socioaffective assessments were conducted before and after the intervention. The findings support the idea that the intervention was most helpful to the children who needed it the most. Our discussion emphasizes the relevance of screening children at risk with the dual purpose of effectiveness and financial savings

    Lien entre les pratiques parentales nĂ©gatives et les problĂšmes de comportement extĂ©riorisĂ©s des jeunes enfants Ă  leur entrĂ©e Ă  la maternelle : effet modĂ©rateur des pratiques positives de l’autre parent

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    Cadre de la recherche : L’étude de l’impact respectif des pratiques parentales des deux parents laisse entrevoir que les pratiques parentales des pĂšres tout comme celles des mĂšres contribuent positivement Ă  l’adaptation sociale de l’enfant. Cependant, les pratiques parentales peuvent Ă©galement ĂȘtre liĂ©es Ă  la prĂ©sence de difficultĂ©s d’adaptation, notamment de problĂšmes de comportement extĂ©riorisĂ©s. À une Ă©poque oĂč les deux parents s’investissent dans l’éducation de leurs enfants, il est pertinent de se pencher sur l’influence mutuelle des pratiques parentales des deux parents sur les problĂšmes de comportement extĂ©riorisĂ©s de l’enfant et ainsi, dĂ©terminer des facteurs de modĂ©ration possibles de la coparentalitĂ© au sein d’une mĂȘme famille.Objectifs : La prĂ©sente recherche vise Ă  vĂ©rifier : 1) si les pratiques parentales positives du pĂšre modĂšrent la relation entre les pratiques parentales nĂ©gatives de la mĂšre et les problĂšmes de comportement extĂ©riorisĂ©s de l’enfant et 2) si les pratiques parentales positives de la mĂšre modĂšrent la relation entre les pratiques parentales nĂ©gatives du pĂšre et les problĂšmes de comportement extĂ©riorisĂ©s de l’enfant.MĂ©thodologie : L’étude est transversale et porte sur un sous-Ă©chantillon de 626 enfants (Ăąge moyen de 5,6 ans) et leurs deux parents. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies par questionnaires auprĂšs des pĂšres et des mĂšres sĂ©parĂ©ment.RĂ©sultats : Les rĂ©sultats d’analyses de rĂ©gression multiple dĂ©montrent l’effet simple des pratiques nĂ©gatives des deux parents sur les problĂšmes de comportement extĂ©riorisĂ©s de l’enfant. On remarque un effet modĂ©rateur des pratiques parentales positives de la mĂšre sur les pratiques parentales nĂ©gatives du pĂšre, mais pas l’inverse.Conclusions : L’étude rĂ©vĂšle l’importance de s’attarder aux pratiques parentales nĂ©gatives, autant pour les mĂšres que pour les pĂšres. De plus, il apparait que l’effet combinĂ© des pratiques des deux parents pourrait avoir un impact aussi important que les pratiques parentales individuelles sur le dĂ©veloppement de l’enfant. Contribution : De nouvelles connaissances dans le domaine du co-engagement parental sur le dĂ©veloppement de l’enfant sont prĂ©sentĂ©es dans cette Ă©tude, en considĂ©rant l’effet modĂ©rateur des pratiques parentales positives dans cette relation.Research Framework: Studying the impact of both parents’ parenting practices suggests that, just as the mother’s, the father’s parenting practices make a positive contribution to the child’s social adjustment. However, parenting practices can also be linked to adjustment difficulties, in particular externalized behaviour problems. At a time where both parents are invested in their children’s education, it is useful to consider the mutual influence of both parents’ parenting practices, as regards the child’s externalized behaviour problems, so as to determine the possible mitigating factors of co-parenting within a family. Objectives: This research aims to ascertain: 1) whether the father’s positive parenting practices mitigate the connection between the mother’s negative parenting practices and the child’s externalized behaviour problems and 2) whether the mother’s positive parenting practices mitigate the connection between the father’s negative parenting practices and the child’s externalized behaviour problems. Methodology: The cross-sectional study is based on a subsample of 626 children (of an age averaging 5.6 years) and their two parents. Data was collected through surveys administered separately to the mothers and the fathers. Results: The results of multiple regression analyses show the simple effect of negative parenting practices on the child’s externalized behaviour problems. A mitigating effect of the mother’s positive practices regarding the father’s negative parenting practices is noticeable, however the opposite is not. Conclusions: The study shows the importance of focusing on negative parenting practices, as regards the mothers as well as the fathers. Furthermore, it appears that the combined effect of both parents’ practices could have as high an impact as individual parenting practices on the child’s development. Contribution: This study offers new insights on parental co-engagement and the child’s development, focusing on the mitigating effect of positive parenting practices

    Liens diffĂ©renciĂ©s entre les pratiques Ă©ducatives des pĂšres et des mĂšres et la prĂ©sence de difficultĂ©s de comportement chez les garçons et les filles d’ñge prĂ©scolaire

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    Cette Ă©tude a comparĂ© les pratiques Ă©ducatives des pĂšres et des mĂšres d’enfants qui prĂ©sentent des difficultĂ©s de comportement extĂ©riorisĂ© avec celles des parents d’enfants n’en prĂ©sentant pas (n = 626 enfants, Ăąge moyen de 5,6 ans). Elle a Ă©galement vĂ©rifiĂ© les liens entre le niveau de difficultĂ© de comportement des enfants et les pratiques Ă©ducatives des parents, en tenant compte du sexe du parent et de l’enfant. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que le faible sentiment de compĂ©tence parentale est associĂ© aux difficultĂ©s des enfants, quel que soit le sexe du parent ou de l’enfant. Les rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšlent Ă©galement des liens diffĂ©renciĂ©s, notamment une mauvaise utilisation de la discipline, particuliĂšrement envers les garçons, et un faible engagement du pĂšre, particuliĂšrement envers les filles. La discussion fait Ă©tat des retombĂ©es possibles pour une intervention diffĂ©renciĂ©e auprĂšs des deux parents.In this study, the author compared the educational practices of fathers and mothers of children who present exteriorized behaviour problems with those of parents whose children do not (n = 626 children, average age: 5.6 years). She also examined the relationships between the level of the behavioural difficulty experienced by the children and the educational practices of their parents, taking into account the gender of both parent and child. The results indicate that a feeling of insufficient parental competence is interconnected with the difficulties experienced by the children, irrespective of the gender of parent or child. The results also show a differentiated linkage, more particularly that of the improper use of discipline, especially as concerns boys and that of a low level of paternal commitment, especially as concerns girls. The discussion brings out the possible spin-off from a differentiated approach to the two parents

    Liens diffĂ©renciĂ©s entre les pratiques Ă©ducatives des pĂšres et des mĂšres et la prĂ©sence de difficultĂ©s de comportement chez les garçons et les filles d’ñge prĂ©scolaire

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    Cette Ă©tude a comparĂ© les pratiques Ă©ducatives des pĂšres et des mĂšres d’enfants qui prĂ©sentent des difficultĂ©s de comportement extĂ©riorisĂ© avec celles des parents d’enfants n’en prĂ©sentant pas (n = 626 enfants, Ăąge moyen de 5,6 ans). Elle a Ă©galement vĂ©rifiĂ© les liens entre le niveau de difficultĂ© de comportement des enfants et les pratiques Ă©ducatives des parents, en tenant compte du sexe du parent et de l’enfant. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que le faible sentiment de compĂ©tence parentale est associĂ© aux difficultĂ©s des enfants, quel que soit le sexe du parent ou de l’enfant. Les rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšlent Ă©galement des liens diffĂ©renciĂ©s, notamment une mauvaise utilisation de la discipline, particuliĂšrement envers les garçons, et un faible engagement du pĂšre, particuliĂšrement envers les filles. La discussion fait Ă©tat des retombĂ©es possibles pour une intervention diffĂ©renciĂ©e auprĂšs des deux parents.In this study, the author compared the educational practices of fathers and mothers of children who present exteriorized behaviour problems with those of parents whose children do not (n = 626 children, average age : 5.6 years). She also examined the relationships between the level of the behavioural difficulty experienced by the children and the educational practices of their parents, taking into account the gender of both parent and child. The results indicate that a feeling of insufficient parental competence is interconnected with the difficulties experienced by the children, irrespective of the gender of parent or child. The results also show a differentiated linkage, more particularly that of the improper use of discipline, especially as concerns boys and that of a low level of paternal commitment, especially as concerns girls. The discussion brings out the possible spin-off from a differentiated approach to the two parents

    Le programme de prévention Fluppy : historique, contenu et diffusion au Québec

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    Fluppy est un programme de prĂ©vention de la violence et du dĂ©crochage scolaire destinĂ© aux enfants de la maternelle. Ce programme combine des interventions universelles et ciblĂ©es qui sont implantĂ©es en milieu scolaire auprĂšs des Ă©lĂšves et des enseignantes et en milieu familial auprĂšs des parents. Il a Ă©tĂ© crĂ©Ă© en 1990 et est largement diffusĂ© au QuĂ©bec et connu dans plusieurs pays. Cet article trace l’historique et les origines du programme, prĂ©sente une description dĂ©taillĂ©e des interventions et rapporte les rĂ©sultats d’une enquĂȘte portant sur sa diffusion et ses conditions d’implantation au QuĂ©bec depuis 1990. Cette enquĂȘte rĂ©vĂšle que le programme a Ă©tĂ© diffusĂ© et implantĂ© dans toutes les rĂ©gions du QuĂ©bec. Certaines rĂ©gions ont mis en place une structure permettant d’implanter le programme tel que prescrit par les concepteurs. Dans plusieurs milieux, le programme est implantĂ© de façon trĂšs partielle et seul le volet universel est administrĂ©. Enfin, l’intensitĂ© de l’intervention tant auprĂšs des enfants que des parents, est plus faible que ce qui est proposĂ© par les concepteurs et les diffuseurs. La discussion porte sur les consĂ©quences possibles du non respect des conditions d’implantation de ce programme de prĂ©vention.Fluppy is a violence and school dropout prevention program intended for preschool children. It combines universal and target interventions offered in schools for pupils and teachers as well as in the home environment for parents. Created in 1990, the program is widely implemented in the province of QuĂ©bec and is known in many countries. This article traces the history and origins of the program and relates the findings of a survey conducted on its dissemination and implementation in QuĂ©bec. The results reveal that the program has been diffused and implemented in all of QuĂ©bec regions. In certain regions, structures were put forward and the program was fidelity implemented as recommended by its authors. However, in other regions the program was either partially implemented or the universal component was solely administrated. Finally, the intensity of interventions toward children as well as parents was lower than what was proposed by the authors and the diffusers. The discussion centers on the possible consequences related to non compliance of implementation conditions of a prevention program

    Les pratiques parentales des pĂšres et des mĂšres et les difficultĂ©s de comportement des enfants d’ñge prĂ©scolaire : diffĂ©rences et similitudes

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    Cette Ă©tude compare les pratiques parentales des pĂšres et des mĂšres d’un groupe d’enfants de maternelle prĂ©sentant des difficultĂ©s de comportement avec celles des parents d’un groupe d’enfants qui n’en prĂ©sentent pas. À partir de mesures autorĂ©vĂ©lĂ©es et observationnelles, les rĂ©sultats indiquent des diffĂ©rences entre les pratiques parentales des deux parents, tous groupes confondus. Les mĂšres sont en moyenne plus disponibles Ă  l’égard de leur enfant que ne le sont les pĂšres. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent Ă©galement des diffĂ©rences entre les parents des deux groupes : les parents d’enfants qui connaissent des difficultĂ©s de comportement sont moins engagĂ©s, utilisent plus de pratiques hostiles, mentionnent plus de rejet sur le plan affectif et Ă©prouvent un sentiment d’efficacitĂ© moins grand que les parents d’enfants qui ne vivent pas ces difficultĂ©s. De plus, contrairement Ă  la mĂšre, le pĂšre rĂ©ussirait, en situation de jeu, Ă  Ă©tablir un climat d’échanges positifs et de coopĂ©ration avec son enfant, mĂȘme quand ce dernier prĂ©sente des difficultĂ©s de comportement. Les rĂ©sultats sont commentĂ©s en fonction des retombĂ©es qu’ils pourraient avoir lors d’interventions futures.This study compares the parental practices of mothers and fathers of a group of preschool children exhibiting problem behaviour with those of parents of a group of children who do not exhibit such behaviour. Results obtained through self-reported and observational measurements reveal differences in the parental practices of both parents, for all groups. On average, mothers made themselves more available to their children than did fathers. Results also show differences between the parents of the two groups: parents of children with behaviour problems were less involved, used hostile practices more frequently, reported more rejection at an affective level and felt less effective than parents whose children did not present problem behaviour. In addition, contrary to the mother, the father was able to establish, in the context of play, a positive climate of interaction and cooperation with the child, even in the presence of problem behaviour. The results are discussed on the basis of their potential impact on future interventions
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