Expenditure in R&D and local development - an analysis of Italian provinces

The expenditure capacity in R&D is regarded as an important factor for the growth of modern economies. However, even more important is to understand the interaction between research resources and the single territories together with their concrete impact on innovation processes. In fact it is at the local level that the innovation dynamics based on implicit knowledge are generated and disseminated. In order to analyse these processes the present level of aggregation of R&D expenditure data is limited to administrative regions and is still high, this reducing the ability to carry out more precise investigations. The present paper makes an estimate of R&D expenditure for different institutional categories in Italian municipalities (University, Public Administration, and Business). The estimated database has been completed with economic variables referring to the individual municipalities. This has enabled us to carry out a correlation and a cluster analysis and identify groups of municipalities with different characteristics concerning innovation and local development.

Capabilities, Innovation and Economic Growth in EU Regions

This article discusses the links between human development, innovation and economic growth. After a brief theoretical preamble, I present a framework bringing together the relationships between those processes in a circular causation diagram. I then examine these relationships using data on 266 European regions covering the period 2000–2015. I test two econometric models: one based on panel (3SLS), the other on spatial analysis (SAR). The first helps me explore, in more detail, the relationship between innovation, human development and income. The results indicate a mutually reinforcing relationship between them. The associations between human development and innovation, and GDP and innovation are found to be particularly strong. The spatial analysis further confirms the existence of virtuous circles and the presence of spatial interrelationships, both in terms of spillover and feedback effects. Consequently, I argue, these variables should be promoted simultaneously. I highlight two points that seem especially worthy of being developed in future work: the importance of setting human development as the ultimate goal of innovation policy, and the need to formulate macroeconomic policies fostering innovation and human development

Why growth rates differ? Path of innovation in Italian provinces

This paper analyses the way in which innovation and absorptive capacity affect the productivity of Italian provinces. It builds on the Neo-Schumpeterian literature which investigates how technology gaps explain development disparities between countries and regions. The study is carried out at the provincial level, which allows a more fine-tuned analysis of the resource endowment linked to knowledge generation and economic performance. Moreover, it distinguishes between two very different types of innovation: those directly dependent on R&D and new knowledge generation which are generally measured by the number of patents; and those relying on the adaptation of processes, products and materials and thus mostly based on the exploitation of already existing knowledge, which are here measured by a new index based on registered utility models and industrial designs. Main results indicate a case of divergence in productivity levels instead of one of catching up among the Italian provinces; moreover, they suggest that the main effort to get productivity gains in this country has been carried out through a reduction of employment and of its related costs instead of via increasing R&D and human capital

Innovation Policies in Germany: An Analysis of Tools and Impacts

This work proposes an analysis of the main financial and political instruments adopted in 2012–2019 in Germany to support the various forms of innovation (startups, clusters, technology transfer, university-industry partnerships, etc.). In this way, we will try to understand whether these examples of industrial innovation policy have managed to play a crucial role in reducing the development gaps between West Germany and East Germany, thus facilitating acceleration of convergence between these two territorial area

Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Bivalvia di Pantai Barung Toraja Sumenep, Madura

Pantai Barung Toraja merupakan pantai selatan yang terletak di Kabupaten Sumenep, Madura memiliki keragaman dan kelimpahan biota perairan, misalnya bivalvia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan spesies bivalvia serta mengetahui nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan bivalvia di Pantai Barung Toraja Sumenep, Madura. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan hand sampling dan metode plot transek pada zona intertidal. Keanekaragaman bivalvia dianalisis berdasarkan perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wiener dan kelimpahan relatif Odum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pantai Barung Toraja Sumenep, Madura ditemukan delapan jenis bivalvia yang termasuk ke dalam enam genus dan enam famili, yaitu Vasticardium flavum, Anadara gubernaculum, Mactra grandis, Pteria brevialata, Tellina palatum, Tellina virgata, Gafrarium tumidum, dan Spesies 1, dengan indeks keanekaragaman sebesar 1,776 termasuk kategori sedang. Kelimpahan relatif bivalvia paling besar adalah Anadara gubernaculum sebesar 32,10% dan kelimpahan relatif terendah adalah Pteria brevialata sebesar 3,18%

THE INFLUENCE OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACH AND CONTEXTUAL APPROACH ON MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES OF CLASS VII STUDENT SMP NEGERI 2 JERUKLEGI

Learning activity in SMP Negeri 2 Jeruklegi, Cilacap Regency at mathematics still being dominated by teachers and make students passive in class. This condition has made students in trouble and influence the learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to know differences in mathematics learning outcomes using scientific, contextual and conventional approaches, and compare what is better to student grade VII mathematics learning outcomes in SMP Negeri 2 Jeruklegi in Cilacap Regency in 2015/2016 academic year.  The population in this study is student grade VII at SMP Negeri 2 Jeruklegi, Cilacap Regency of even semester in the 2015/2016 academic year, which is split into seven classes and total students are 222. Sample is taken three classes using a random sampling technique, VII C as experiment class of scientific approach, VII E as experiment class of contextual approach, and VIII D as experiment class of conventional approach. Data collected by documentation and test. This study using experimental with perfect random design. The instrument test includes a validity test, reliability test, and the difference test. Data analysis to condition test include normality test with formula Chi-Quadrate, Homogeneity test with Bartlett Test, and hypothesis test using variance analysis and average test after anava. Based on variance analysis with significance level α= 5%, df numerator v1= 2 and df denominator v2= 92 show that: there is difference between mathematics learning outcomes of students using scientific approach, contextual and conventional approach those are showed by Fcount= 6,303458 > Ftable= 3,09543 and based on RNK test, obtained that contextual approach is better than mathematics learning using scientific and conventional approach to students’ mathematics learning outcomes

Narratives of Colorectal Cancer Among Healthy Population: Contributions for a Preventive Strategy in Argentina

INTRODUCCIÓN: Son recientes y escasos los estudios sobre conocimientos del cáncer colorrectal (CCR) en población sana y sus actitudes respecto a pruebas de detección temprana. OBJETIVO: Con el propósito de producir insumos para la estrategia comunicacional de sus programas, el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer encomendó al Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad la realización de un estudio sociocultural. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar los significados culturales relativos al CCR, a fin de identificar potenciales obstáculos y facilitadores de las prácticas de prevención en población sana. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron dos técnicas de relevamiento de información: la entrevista en profundidad y el grupo focal. Se seleccionaron varones y mujeres de entre 45 y 65 años sin antecedentes propios de CCR. El trabajo de campo fue desarrollado en cuatro ciudades de Argentina. RESULTADOS: A excepción del conocimiento basado en la experiencia personal, no se registraron nociones o creencias claramente definidas sobre el CCR. El término “colorrectal” no despertó asociaciones de sentido, ni fue relacionado espontáneamente con el intestino. Las cuestiones relativas al ano demostraron ser un importante obstáculo para la prevención y detección temprana del CCR. CONCLUSIONES: La confianza en la ciencia y la tecnología, así como la creencia acerca de que el momento en el que se “agarra” la enfermedad es determinante para su desenlace, pueden ser una plataforma sobre la cual deconstruir creencias y reconstruir nuevas concepciones, para dar sentido a los comportamientos preventivos de cuidado y atención de la salud.INTRODUCTION: Studies on knowledge of colorectal cancer (CRC) in healthy population and attitudes towards screening tests are scarce and recent. OBJECTIVE: In order to provide inputs for the communication strategy of its programs, the National Cancer Institute of Argentina commissioned a socio-cultural study, which was to be conducted by Center for Studies of the State and Society. The objective of this work was to focus on socio-cultural aspects related to CRC, so as to identify potential barriers and facilitators to prevention practices in healthy population. METHODS: Two data collection techniques were used: in-depth interview and focus group, applied to men and women aged between 45 and 65 years, without history of CRC. Fieldwork was conducted in four cities of Argentina. RESULTS: Except for the knowledge based on personal experience, there were no clearly defined beliefs about CRC. The term “colorectal” failed to arouse meaning associations and was not spontaneously associated to the intestine. Issues related to the anus were found to be a major barrier for prevention and early detection of CRC. CONCLUSIONS: Confidence in science and technology as well as beliefs about timely detection of the disease are critical aspects. They should be the basis to deconstruct beliefs and reconstruct new concepts, in order to give meaning to preventive health care behaviors.Fil: Capriati, Alejandro Jose. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ramos, Silvina. Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Tamburrino, Cecilia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones ; Argentin

Llueve sobre mojado: desigualdades sociales y vulnerabilidades en salud en la adolescencia y juventud.

El eje del trabajo es la reflexión sobre la salud en la adolescencia y juventud. La apuesta es ampliar el espectro de enfoques, conceptos y datos que se movilizan para su definición y comprensión. Los puntos de partida son la crítica a los estudios reducidos al comportamiento de la persona y la propuesta de una matriz que incorpore tanto lo estructural como lo institucional y programático. Esta matriz posibilita la formulación de interpretaciones diferentes del análisis de riesgo. Desde un enfoque de vulnerabilidad y derechos humanos, analizo los procesos que afectan la salud a partir del estudio de las trayectorias biográficas, las condiciones de vida y el entramado institucional en el cual las personas desarrollan su vida cotidiana; recupero resultados de investigaciones realizadas en barrios del Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina. En el cierre del artículo planteo la necesidad de contar con abordajes teóricos, metodológicos y tecnológicos que asuman la complejidad de la salud en la adolescencia y juventud y puedan brindar insumos para el trabajo comunitario en salud con jóvenes y sus acciones de prevención y cuidado

La condición juvenil y las iniciativas culturales barriales en el Gran Buenos Aires

La propuesta es examinar fenómenos sociales vinculados con la adolescencia y el devenir joven en términos de accesibilidad a recursos, expresiones culturales, modos de habitar el escenario nocturno y situaciones de vulnerabilidad. Se aborda la condición juvenil a partir del estudio de prácticas musicales y recreativas de tres grupos de jóvenes residentes de una localidad del Gran Buenos Aires. Específicamente, se identifican significados relativos a la experiencia de formar parte de un grupo de música y sus espacios de sociabilidad. Se realizaron treinta entrevistas semiestructuradas a varones y mujeres, entre 17 y 29 años; complementariamente, se utilizó la técnica de observación participante. En las iniciativas culturales barriales, adolescentes y jóvenes encuentran la posibilidad de asumir un papel protagónico entre sus pares, en el barrio y en otras zonas del espacio social. Sostener proyectos grupales, producir canciones, intervenir en el espacio local, actividades típicas para hacer música en una barriada popular, ponen en escena protagonistas culturales. El espacio de los festivales locales puede ser caracterizado como conmutador en tanto tiene la capacidad de producir interrupciones en ciertos modos de reproducción de la violencia característicos del hábitat nocturno.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia