Mechanism of action for accidents in the construction industry in Spain

The construction industry is considered one of the most hazardous industries worldwide when it comes to worker safety and health. The present study characterises the mechanism of action of accidents in the construction industry through the knowledge of the most frequently identified circumstances and the most commonly violated preventive measures. To achieve the stated objective, the analysis of 241 investigations of occupational accidents that occurred in the construction sector in Spain between 2009 and 2014 was carried out, which were conducted by OHS technical advisors. Thus, by means of a detailed reading of each of the investigation reports that make up the sample, the deviation variable was identified according to the European Statistic on Accidents at Work (ESAW) procedure. Next, and in accordance with the literature published on the subject, the preventive measures recommended in the accident investigation reports analyzed were identified. The results obtained show that one out of every three analyzed accidents is the result of people falling from heights, with a greater number of preventive actions being proposed as opposed to corrective actionsUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Evolutionary perspective of the genus Homo: new approaches

No consensus exists in human evolution research regarding the definition of genus Homo and its mode of evolution. Based on a database that comprises more than 350 characters scored on 22 hominin species from Late Miocene to Holocene, we address methodologically these two questions with a quantitative taxonomic approach that combines Maximum Parsimony (MP) phylogenetic reconstruction with a Phylogenetic Networks method. Based on tree-based MP, we identify three Homo most parsimonious definitio..

Análisis y evaluación de la investigación de accidentes laborales como técnicas preventivas en España

Es por esto que resulta necesario definir criterios que permitan ayudar a los técnicos o analistas a adoptar la metodología más idónea dependiendo del contexto y el alcance del accidente en cuestión. Respecto al análisis de los informes de investigación examinados, se determina que solo 1 de cada 4 informes de investigación de accidentes de trabajo realizados por técnicos pertenecientes a alguna de las modalidades organizativas se realizaron siguiendo los criterios de calidad recomendados por los expertos en la materia. Sin embargo, 3 de cada 4 de las investigaciones oficiales de accidentes de trabajo contemplan la totalidad de dichos criterios básicos de calidad. En base a las conclusiones extraídas, y dado las importantes diferencias observadas, se propone crear un modelo común Europeo de informe de investigación de accidente de trabajo con el objetivo de favorecer el aprendizaje a nivel global, y poder difundir de forma homogeneizada los resultados obtenidos en estas investigaciones. Este modelo debe contemplar todos los criterios de calidad básicos para la correcta realización de las investigaciones de accidentes de trabajo tanto en su estructura formal completa como en sus aspectos particulares.El objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral es ofrecer una visión acerca del estado de la investigación de accidentes de trabajo en España. Este objetivo se fundamenta en el hecho de que la eficacia preventiva de las investigaciones de accidentes de trabajo realizadas por numerosos y variados agentes: Administración Pública, técnicos de servicios de prevención, responsables directos de una investigación en línea, etc., es susceptible de ser aumentada de manera significativa. Esta tesis se encuadra dentro del ámbito de la seguridad y salud laboral. La investigación de accidentes es una técnica analítica de seguridad laboral que tiene por objetivo el análisis de causas que dan lugar a los mismos. Que estas investigaciones se realicen adecuadamente resulta esencial para obtener información útil que ayude a garantizar la no repetición de dichos accidentes. Por ello, partiendo de los distintos criterios de calidad establecidos por expertos en la materia, se efectúa una revisión de la literatura científica que ha tratado la investigación de accidentes de trabajo con el objeto de identificar, clasificar y describir las principales metodologías empleadas en las mismas. Así mismo, se realiza un análisis de investigaciones de accidentes de trabajo realizados por Técnicos en Prevención de Riesgos Laborales de nivel superior. En primera instancia se analizaron 567 investigaciones realizadas por técnicos integrados en alguna de las modalidades organizativas para el desarrollo de las actividades preventivas, sobre accidentes ocurridos en España entre los años 2009 y 2012. Posteriormente se evaluaron 98 informes oficiales de investigación de accidentes de trabajo emitidos por la Autoridad Laboral de Andalucía en el último trimestre de 2014. De acuerdo al análisis realizado se identifican múltiples metodologías. No obstante, la dificultad estriba en elegir la más adecuada

15 years of Forest Certification in the European Union. Are we doing things right?

Forest certification is one of the most important issues that have entered the forest sector in the past 15 years. There are many detractors and supporters of this instrument, but merely looking at the number of hectares certified and products carrying the logo of certification, one cannot deny that certification has gained importance, year after year. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of 15 years of forest certification in the EU forest-based sector, using the Delphi method. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the impact of certification in the EU forestbased sector is positive-neutral with respect to ecological aspects, positive-negative on the economic and positiveneutral on the social ones. However, its positive effect is limited, due to the fact that the changes needed for the certification are minor. An improvement in the information to both society and local people by the actors involved in forest certification could increase the positive impact on the secto

Radiocarbon dating casts doubt on the late chronology of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in southern Iberia

It is commonly accepted that some of the latest dates for Neanderthal fossils and Mousterian industries are found south of the Ebro valley in Iberia at ca. 36 ka calBP (calibrated radiocarbon date ranges). In contrast, to the north of the valley the Mousterian disappears shortly before the Proto-Aurignacian appears at ca. 42 ka calBP. The latter is most likely produced by anatomically modern humans. However, two-thirds of dates from the south are radiocarbon dates, a technique that is particularly sensitive to carbon contaminants of a younger age that can be difficult to remove using routine pretreatment protocols. We have attempted to test the reliability of chronologies of 11 southern Iberian Middle and early Upper Paleolithic sites. Only two, Jarama VI and Zafarraya, were found to contain material that could be reliably dated. In both sites, Middle Paleolithic contexts were previously dated by radiocarbon to less than 42 ka calBP. Using ultrafiltration to purify faunal bone collagen before radiocarbon dating, we obtain ages at least 10 ka 14C years older, close to or beyond the limit of the radiocarbonmethod for the Mousterian at Jarama VI and Neanderthal fossils at Zafarraya. Unless rigorous pretreatment protocols have been used, radiocarbon dates should be assumed to be inaccurate until proven otherwise in this region. Evidence for the late survival of Neanderthals in southern Iberia is limited to one possible site, Cueva Antón, and alternative models of human occupation of the region should be considered

Influencia de los rasgos de personalidad en la percepción del dolor y elección de analgesia durante el parto

The present study aims to analyze in a group of pregnant women if there is a relationship between personality characteristics, pain perception and the choice whether or not analgesia during labor.To do this we developed a multicenter longitudinal study , in a prospective cohort of 62 pregnant women selected by consecutive sampling, attending the fetal wellness visit between weeks 36-38 of pregnancy in two hospitals in the province of Jaén. Structured questionnaires were used to assess the different variables.The results of regression analysis for the prediction model of pain intensity from the dimensions of personality were carried out according to whether women had used or not alternative measures of pain relief. In the general dimensions of personality alone made a significant contribution Agreeableness variable in the group without alternative measures of pain relief. Sub-dimensions of personality, emotional control as both impulse control made a significant contribution to the model measures within the Group and Perseverance, Impulse Control and Openness to Culture in the group made it without measures.  We found an inverse relationship between age and total pain intensity r = -0,301 (p = 0.018). In addition, significant differences in total pain intensity and duration of delivery, depending on whether or not women had alternative measures. The other two variables studied, type of previous or epidural/analgesia caused no significant differences in any of the variables analyzed. El presente estudio intenta analizarpara un grupo de mujeres embarazadassi existe una relación entre las características de personalidad, la percepción del dolory la elección o no de analgesia durante el parto.Para ello se llevo a cabo un estudio de tipo longitudinal multicéntrico, de una cohorte prospectiva de 62 mujeres gestantes seleccionadas por muestreo consecutivo, que acuden a la consulta de bienestar fetal entre la semana 36-38 de embarazo en dos hospitales de la provincia de Jaén. Se emplearon cuestionarios estructurados para la valoración de las diferentes variables, antes del parto se realizo el Cuestionario de personalidad (BFQ) y durante el proceso de parto el Cuestionario de dolor español (CDE) y un documento de recogida de información clínica. Los resultados del análisis de regresión para el modelo de predicción de la intensidad del dolor a partir de las dimensiones de personalidad se realizo en función de que las mujeres hubieran usado o no medidas alternativas de alivio del dolor. De las dimensiones generales de personalidad únicamente hizo una aportación significativa la variable Afabilidaden el grupo sin medidas alternativas de alivio del dolor. Delas subdimensiones de personalidad, tanto el Control Emocional como el Control de Impulsos hicieron una aportación significativa al modelo en el Grupo con medidas; y la Perseverancia, el Control de Impulsos y la Apertura a la Cultura la hicieron en el Grupo sin medidas. Se encontró una relación inversa entre la edad y la intensidad total del dolor r = -0.301 (p=0.018). Además se encontraron diferencias significativas en la intensidad total del dolory duración del alumbramiento en función de que las mujeres tuvieran o no medidas alternativas. Las otras dos variables analizadas, tipo de analgesia previa o epidural, no provocaron diferencias significativas en ninguna de las variables analizadas.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis: evolution of SARS-CoV-2 CRP

SARS-CoV-2; Enfermedad renal crónica; HemodiálisisSARS-CoV-2; Malaltia renal crònica; HemodiàlisiSARS-CoV-2; Chronic kidney disease; Hemodialysi

Outcomes of cerebral venous thrombosis due to vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia after the acute phase

© 2022 American Heart Association, Inc.Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) due to vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a severe condition, with high in-hospital mortality rates. Here, we report clinical outcomes of patients with CVT-VITT after SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) vaccination who survived initial hospitalization. Methods: We used data from an international registry of patients who developed CVT within 28 days of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, collected until February 10, 2022. VITT diagnosis was classified based on the Pavord criteria. Outcomes were mortality, functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2), VITT relapse, new thrombosis, and bleeding events (all after discharge from initial hospitalization). Results: Of 107 CVT-VITT cases, 43 (40%) died during initial hospitalization. Of the remaining 64 patients, follow-up data were available for 60 (94%) patients (37 definite VITT, 9 probable VITT, and 14 possible VITT). Median age was 40 years and 45/60 (75%) patients were women. Median follow-up time was 150 days (interquartile range, 94–194). Two patients died during follow-up (3% [95% CI, 1%–11%). Functional independence was achieved by 53/60 (88% [95% CI, 78%–94%]) patients. No new venous or arterial thrombotic events were reported. One patient developed a major bleeding during follow-up (fatal intracerebral bleed). Conclusions: In contrast to the high mortality of CVT-VITT in the acute phase, mortality among patients who survived the initial hospitalization was low, new thrombotic events did not occur, and bleeding events were rare. Approximately 9 out of 10 CVT-VITT patients who survived the acute phase were functionally independent at follow-up.This study was funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, grant number 10430072110005), the Dr. C.J. Vaillant Foundation, and Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (grant TYH2022223).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Sex differences in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis after adenoviral vaccination against COVID-19

Introduction: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (CVST-VITT) is a severe disease with high mortality. There are few data on sex differences in CVST-VITT. The aim of our study was to investigate the differences in presentation, treatment, clinical course, complications, and outcome of CVST-VITT between women and men. Patients and methods: We used data from an ongoing international registry on CVST-VITT. VITT was diagnosed according to the Pavord criteria. We compared the characteristics of CVST-VITT in women and men. Results: Of 133 patients with possible, probable, or definite CVST-VITT, 102 (77%) were women. Women were slightly younger [median age 42 (IQR 28–54) vs 45 (28–56)], presented more often with coma (26% vs 10%) and had a lower platelet count at presentation [median (IQR) 50x109/L (28–79) vs 68 (30–125)] than men. The nadir platelet count was lower in women [median (IQR) 34 (19–62) vs 53 (20–92)]. More women received endovascular treatment than men (15% vs 6%). Rates of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins were similar (63% vs 66%), as were new venous thromboembolic events (14% vs 14%) and major bleeding complications (30% vs 20%). Rates of good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0-2, 42% vs 45%) and in-hospital death (39% vs 41%) did not differ. Discussion and conclusions: Three quarters of CVST-VITT patients in this study were women. Women were more severely affected at presentation, but clinical course and outcome did not differ between women and men. VITT-specific treatments were overall similar, but more women received endovascular treatment.</p