El cerdo Pelón Mexicano: programa de conservación genética de una raza en peligro

Here is described the programme of genetic conservation of the Mexican Hair-less pig under development in the Yukatan State (Mexico). It consists of several actions on the characterization of the population and its management system, the in situ and ex situ conservation, and the coordination. The results obtained by the moment are summarized.Aquí se describe el programa de conservación genética del cerdo Pelón Mexicano en desarrollo en el Estado de Yukatan (México). Consiste en varias acciones sobre la caracterización de la población y de sus sistemas de explotación, la conservación in situ y ex situ y la coordinación. Se resumen los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento

A Brief View of the Surface Membrane Proteins from Trypanosoma cruzi

Trypanosoma cruzi is the causal agent of Chagas’ disease which affects millions of people around the world mostly in Central and South America. T. cruzi expresses a wide variety of proteins on its surface membrane which has an important role in the biology of these parasites. Surface molecules of the parasites are the result of the environment to which the parasites are exposed during their life cycle. Hence, T. cruzi displays several modifications when they move from one host to another. Due to the complexity of this parasite’s cell surface, this review presents some membrane proteins organized as large families, as they are the most abundant and/or relevant throughout the T. cruzi membrane

Biochemical, Cellular, and Immunologic Aspects during Early Interaction between Trypanosoma cruzi and Host Cell

The close parasite-host relationship involves different aspects such as the biochemical, physiological, morphological, and immunological adaptations. Studies on parasite-host interaction have provided a myriad of information about its biology and have established the building blocks for the development of new drug therapies to control the parasite. Several mechanisms for the parasite invasion have been proposed through in vivo or in vitro experimental data. Since the first histological studies until the studies on the function/structure of the involved molecules, this complex interaction has been roughly depicted. However, new recent strategies as genetic and proteomic approaches have tuned knowledge on how the host reacts to the parasite and how the parasite avoids these host’s reactions in order to survive

Torulaspora delbrueckii: Towards Innovating in the Legendary Baking and Brewing Industries

Baking and brewing are among the oldest bioprocesses refined by human societies. Both fermentative processes have successfully used domesticated strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in their process as the biocatalyst throughout their evolution. However, the dominance of S. cerevisiae has limited the capability for diversification of many organoleptic properties of the final product, such as aroma and flavours. The use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts can be an enormous source of opportunities for innovation in both fermentative processes. Torulaspora delbrueckii is a ubiquitous yeast species, and numerous strains have been isolated from many different bioprocesses. The strains of T. delbrueckii, once considered microbial contamination, have recently shown several advantages over S. cerevisiae strains, including higher ethanol tolerance; better capabilities to consume wort sugars; higher resistance to hop/pH/osmotic stress; and freeze-thaw resistance, among others. This chapter aims to present a comprehensive review of frontier research on T. delbrueckii regarding its potential and prospects for the baking and brewing industries

A Predictive Model for Guillain-Barré Syndrome Based on Single Learning Algorithms

Background. Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a potentially fatal autoimmune neurological disorder. The severity varies among the four main subtypes, named as Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP), Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN), Acute Motor Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN), and Miller-Fisher Syndrome (MF). A proper subtype identification may help to promptly carry out adequate treatment in patients. Method. We perform experiments with 15 single classifiers in two scenarios: four subtypes’ classification and One versus All (OvA) classification. We used a dataset with the 16 relevant features identified in a previous phase. Performance evaluation is made by 10-fold cross validation (10-FCV). Typical classification performance measures are used. A statistical test is conducted in order to identify the top five classifiers for each case. Results. In four GBS subtypes’ classification, half of the classifiers investigated in this study obtained an average accuracy above 0.90. In OvA classification, the two subtypes with the largest number of instances resulted in the best classification results. Conclusions. This study represents a comprehensive effort on creating a predictive model for Guillain-Barré Syndrome subtypes. Also, the analysis performed in this work provides insight about the best single classifiers for each classification case

Development and evaluation of equations to predict body weight of Pelibuey ewes using heart girth

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate equations to predict body weight (BW) using heart girth (HG) in Pelibuey ewes. For model develop a data set composed by 366, 3-year-old, non-pregnant and non-lactating ewes; with a mean BW of 45.7±9.16 kg and HG of 87.55± 7.93 cm was used. A linear equation was fitted: BW= -47.97 (±2.01*) + 1.07 (±0.02**)×HG (R2 = 0.86, RMSE = 3.46, , y n = 366). A second data set composed by 67 animals, with similar characteristics (BW of 38.25± 8.62 kg and HG of 80.37± 7.03 cm) was used to evaluate the developed equations. For the evaluation, the relationship between observed and predicted values of BW by linear regression, the mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) and root MSEP (RMSEP), and concordance correlation coefficient analysis were used. The proposed equation was highly precise (r2 =0.913) and accurate (Cb=0.996) with a reproducibility index of 0.95. The MEF have indicates a higher efficiency of prediction with higher proportion of the total variance of the observed values been explained by the predicted data (0.91). The partition of the MSEP have indicated a very small mean bias (0.082). The systematic bias have shown that only 1.93% of the error of prediction was associated with the slope and most of the error was explained by the random component indicating small biases with the predictions. The proposed equation accurately and precisely estimated the BW of Pelibuey ewe using HG and therefore is recommended to be used

Genetic characterization of the mexican hair-less pig by means of molecular markers

Long time ago the Mexican Hair-less pig has been considered as a not improved and not valuable ecotype, nevertheless there are few information about the genetics of their populations. In this work we are determining the genetic variability that could exist in the population of Hair-less pigs existing in the rural areas of the Mexican state of Yucatan, as well as in the population of animals, belonging to the center of genetic conservation of the Agricultural Technological Institute N.2. The experiment was divided in two phases, one on the field and another in the laboratory. On one hand, 102 samples were obtained (69 of blood and 33 of hair) from both populations. In the laboratory the DNA was extracted and was amplified by means of the Polimerase Chain Reaction to study 26 microsatellites recommended by the FAO/ISAG for studies of genetic diversity. The alleles number was analyzed, the frequencies alleles, the hetererozygosity (Genepop version programs 3,1c) and the content of polymorphic information (PIC). We observe as in the population coming from the state of Yucatan all the loci were polymorphic, with an average of 7,07 alleles. We also observe that the loci S0355, S0227 are homozygotic. In the population of animals coming from the rescue center most of the loci were polymorphic with the exception of the S0355 and S0215 that were homozygotic, with an alleles average of 3,65. The PIC also reflect the polymorphism detected in most of the locus in both populations. These results are similar to those obtained with different varieties of Iberian pig. According to this, we can consider that the population of hair-less pigs in the state of Yucatan represents a source of genetic variability that could be of utility in the future.Desde tiempos atrás al Cerdo Pelón Mexicano se le ha considerado como un biotipo no mejorado y sin atributos comerciales, no obstante se carece de información sobre la genética de sus poblaciones. En este trabajo se pretende determinar la variabilidad genética que existe en la población de cerdos del biotipo Pelón que se encuentra en las áreas rurales del estado Mexicano de Yucatán, así como en la población perteneciente al centro de conservación genética que se tiene para este biotipo en el Instituto Tecnológico Agropecuario Nº 2. En la fase de campo se obtuvieron 102 muestras (69 de sangre y 33 de pelo) en ambas poblaciones. En la fase de laboratorio se extrajo el ADN de cada una de las muestras por la técnica del Chelex y fueron amplificadas por medio de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para estudiar 26 microsatélites recomendados por la FAO/ISAG para estudios de diversidad genética en porcinos. Se analizó el número de alelos, las frecuencias alélicas, las heterocigosidad (Genepop versión 3,1c) y el contenido de información polimórfica (PIC). Se observó que en los animales procedentes del estado de Yucatán todos los loci fueron polimórficos, con un promedio de 7,07, también que existen 2 alelos que son homocigotos para dos locis diferentes (S0355, S0227). En la población de animales procedentes del centro de rescate la mayoría de los loci fueron polimórficos a excepción del S0355 y S0215 que resultaron homocigotos, con un promedio de 3,65 alelos. Así mismo la heterocigosidad y el PIC reflejan el polimorfismo detectado en la mayoría de los locus en ambas poblaciones. Estos resultados son similares a los de otros autores en diferentes variedades de cerdo Ibérico. La población de cerdos pelones del estado de Yucatán son una fuente importante de variabilidad genética que puede ser de utilidad en un futuro inmediato

Correlación entre conductas sobre sexting y dependencia al móvil en estudiantes de enfermería

Introduction. Sexting is defined as the sending of erotic or pornographic content through digital devices; It’s a term of daily use whose practice may bring positive effects, and on the other hand risks for sexual and mental health as shown in different studies. Regarding mobile dependency, this practice has increased in university students, who need to create, share, and download content. Both phenomena have factors in common that may signify an unexplored relationship. Objective. To determine the correlation between sexting behaviors mobile phone dependency in nursing college students. Methodology. This is an observational, cross-sectional, and correlational study, with a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method that included undergraduate nursing students at a public university in Mexico, the Pearson and Spearman correlation was used on the results of the totals and components of the instruments: behaviors on sexting and Mobile Dependency Test. Results. With 300 participants, it is reported that 64.7% declare having participated in sexting through text messages, sharing images, among other forms of participation; On the other hand, in terms of mobile phone dependency, 96.3% were in a medium and high dependency. When comparing the final summations of each instrument, a positive correlation is obtained with r.=0.166, p<0.050. Conclusion. A positive correlation between sexting and mobile phone dependency is the first indicator to explore in-depth the common factors that predispose and that can derive from both phenomena in the young population.Introducción. El sexting se define como el envío de contenido erótico o pornográfico a través de dispositivos digitales; es un término de uso cotidiano, cuya práctica puede traer efectos positivos, y por otro lado riesgos para la salud sexual y mental en quienes lo practican. En lo que respecta a la dependencia al móvil, esta práctica se ha incrementado en estudiantes universitarios, quienes tienen la necesidad de crear, compartir y descargar contenidos. Ambos fenómenos tienen factores en común que pueden significar una relación no explorada. Objetivo. Determinar la correlación entre las conductas sobre el sexting y la dependencia al móvil en estudiantes de enfermería. Metodología. Estudio observacional, transversal y correlacional, con muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia que incluyó estudiantes del grado en enfermería en una universidad pública de México, se utilizó la correlación de Pearson y Spearman sobre los resultados de los totales y componentes de los instrumentos: conductas sobre sexting y Test de Dependencia al móvil. Resultados. Con 300 participantes, se reporta que el 64.7% declara haber participado en el sexting a través de mensajes de texto, compartir imágenes, entre otras formas de participación; por otro lado, en cuanto a la dependencia al móvil el 96.3% se encontraba en una dependencia media y alta. Al comparar las sumatorias finales de cada instrumento se obtiene una correlación positiva con r.=0.166, p<0.050. Conclusión. Una correlación positiva entre el sexting y la dependencia al móvil es un primer indicador para explorar a profundidad los factores en común que predisponen y que pueden derivar de ambos fenómenos en la población joven

Effect of feeding lactating ewes with <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaf extract on milk yield, milk composition and preweaning performance of ewe/lamb pair

The objective this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) on milk production and milk composition in ewes and on preweaning performance of their lambs. Twenty-four lactating ewes were housed individually with their lambs and assigned to four groups in a completely randomized design. The treatments included a basal diet without MOE (MOE0) or a basal diet supplemented with either 20 mL MOE per ewe per day (MOE20), 40 mL MOE per ewe per day (MOE40) or 60 mL MOE per ewe per day (MOE60). Over 45 days, milk production was recorded weekly and individual milk samples were collected for chemical analysis. Milk yield, fat-corrected milk and daily yields were similar among the four treatments. The supply of MOE did not affect ewe weaning efficiency and average daily gain or litter weaning weight of the lambs. Overall, the results from this study showed that dietary supplementation of hydroalcoholic extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves at doses of 20, 40 or 60 mL/ewes/d in lactating ewes does not have negative effects on milk yield, milk composition or lamb performance

Effect of pelagic Sargassum on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradation, gas production, and protozoa population

This study determined the effect of pelagic Sargassum on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradation, total gas production (TGP), and protozoa population. The treatments were different levels of Sargassum inclusion on a basal substrate (Stargrass hay; Cynodon nlemfuensis) as follows: T0 (control treatment based on Stargrass hay), T10 (90% Stargrass hay + 10% Sargassum), T20 (80% Stargrass hay + 20% Sargassum), and T30 (70% Stargrass hay + 30% Sargassum). Ruminal fermentation kinetics and protozoa population were determined during 72 h of in vitro incubations. Compared to control, dry matter degradability at 48 and 72 h and organic matter degradability at 24 and 48 h were higher in Sargassum treatments. TGP was lower with T20 at 48 h. The total population of protozoa and the concentration of Entodinium spp. were lower at T20 at 48 h and T30 at 72 h. Cl, S, Ca, K, and Zn (103, 5.97, 88.73, 285.70 g/kg, and 15,900 mg/kg) were high in Sargassum, reaching twice or even nine times higher than the contents in Stargrass (11.37, 1.60, 43.53, 87.73 g/kg, and 866.67 mg/kg). Overall, up to 30% pelagic Sargassum could be included in hay-based substrates from tropical grasses without negative effects on in vitro dry matter and organic matter degradability