115 research outputs found

    Acceleration of Complex Algorithms on a Fast Reconfigurable Embedded System on Spartan-3

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    Complex algorithms usually require several computation stages. Many embedded microprocessors have not enough computational performance to resolve these algorithms in a reasonable time, so dedicated coprocessors accelerate them although the main drawback is the area devoted to them. A reconfigurable coprocessor can drastically reduce the area, since it accommodates a set of coprocessors whose execution is multiplexed on time, although the reconfiguration speed reduces the overall system performance. Although self-reconfigurable systems are possible on Spartan-3 FPGAs, it requires a hard design task due to the lack of software and hardware support available on higher-cost families. This paper describes the architecture of a fast self-reconfigurable embedded system mapped on Spartan-3, used as computation platform to solve a complex algorithm, such as the image-processing carried out in a fingerprint biometric algorithm. In order to reduce the reconfiguration time, the system uses our custom-made memory and reconfiguration controllers. Moreover, the dynamic coprocessor can access directly to external memory through our memory controller to improve processing time.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    Comparación de las prevalencias de Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana en mamíferos pequeños en cinco focos de leishmaniosis cutánea en el estado de Campeche, México

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    In the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico, 95% of the human cases of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis are caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana with an incidence rate of 5.08 per 100,000 inhabitants. Transmission is limited to the winter months (November to March). One study on wild rodents has incriminated Ototylomys phyllotis and Peromyscus yucatanicus as primary reservoirs of L. (L.) mexicana in the focus of La Libertad, Campeche. In the present study, the prevalence of both infection and disease caused by L. (L.) mexicana in small terrestrial mammals were documented during five transmission seasons (1994-2004) in five foci of Leishmaniasis in the state of Campeche. Foci separated by only 100 km, with similar relative abundances of small mammals, were found to differ significantly in their prevalence of both symptoms and infection. Transmission rates and reservoir species seemed to change in space as well as in time which limited the implementation of effective control measures of the disease even in a small endemic area such as the south of the Yucatan Peninsula.En la Península de Yucatán, México, la Leishmaniosis Cutánea es causada por Leishmania (L.) mexicana en 95% de los casos humanos, con una incidencia de 5.08% por cada 100,000 habitantes. El ciclo de transmisión se limita a la estación de invierno (noviembre- marzo). Un estudio de mamíferos silvestres incrimina a Ototylomys phyllotis y Peromyscus yucatanicus como reservorios primarios de L. (L.) mexicana en el foco de infección de La Libertad, Campeche. En el presente estudio, se documenta la prevalencia de infección/enfermedad causada por L. (L.) mexicana en pequeños mamíferos, durante cinco estaciones de transmisión (1994-2004) en cinco focos de CL del estado de Campeche. Los focos separados por solamente 100 km. de distancia, aún cuando tienen abundancias relativas de pequeños roedores similares, fueron significativamente diferentes en relación a la prevalencia de síntomas así como de infección. Las tasas de transmisión y las especies de reservorios parecen estar cambiando tanto en el tiempo como en el espacio, lo cual impide el establecimiento de adecuadas medidas de control de la enfermedad aún en un área endémica tan pequeña como lo es el sur de la Península de Yucatán

    Estudio preliminar sobre un nuevo y original modelo experimental de leishmaniosis cutánea localizada causada por Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana

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    There is not an experimental model of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana. The aim of the present study was to characterize the clinical and histological features of Peromyscus yucatanicus experimentally infected with L. (L.) mexicana. A total of 54 P. yucatanicus (groups of 18) were inoculated with 1x10(6) promastigotes of L. (L.) mexicana in the base of the tail. They were euthanized at three and six months post experimental infection. The control group was inoculated with RPMI-1640. The predominant clinical sign observed was a single ulcerated lesion in 27.77% (5/18) and in 11.11% (2/18) P. yucatanicus at three and six months respectively. The histological pattern described as chronic granulomatous inflammation with or without necrosis was found in 7/7 (100%) biopsies of euthanized P. yucatanicus at three (n = 5) and six (n = 2) months, respectively. These results resembled clinical and histological features caused by L. (L.) mexicana in humans, and support the possibility to employ P. yucatanicus as a novel experimental model to study LCL caused by this parasite.No existe un modelo experimental de la leishmaniosis cutánea localizada (LCL) causada por Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana. El objetivo del presente estudio fue el de caracterizar los cuadros clínico e histológico de Peromyscus yucatanicus infectados experimentalmente con L. (L.) mexicana. Un total de 54 P. yucatanicus (grupos de 18) fueron inoculados en la base de la cola con 1x10(6) promastigotes de L. (L.) mexicana. A los 3 y 6 meses posteriores a la infección experimental fueron sacrificados. El grupo control fue inoculado con RPMI-1640. El signo clínico predominante fue una lesión única ulcerada en 27.77% (5/18) y en 11.11% (2/18) P. yucatanicus a los 3 y 6 meses respectivamente. El patrón histológico descrito como inflamación crónica granulomatosa con o sin necrosis se observó en 7/7 (100%) biopsias de los P. yucatanicus a los 3 (n=5) y 6 (n=2) meses respectivamente. Los resultados son similares a los cuadros clínico e histológico de la infección por L. (L.) mexicana en humanos, y apoyan la posibilidad de utilizar P. yucatanicus como un nuevo y original modelo para el estudio de la LCL causada por L. (L.) mexicana

    Histopatologia de la leishmaniasis cutánea causada por Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana en la península de Yucatán, México

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    Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LCL) known as "chiclero's ulcer" in southeast Mexico, was described by SEIDELIN in 1912. Since then the sylvatic region of the Yucatan peninsula has been documented as an endemic focus of LCL. This study of 73 biopsies from parasitological confirmed lesions of LCL cases of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana infection was undertaken: 1) to examine host response at tissue level; and 2) to relate manifestations of this response to some characteristics of clinical presentation. Based on Magalhães' classification we found that the most common pattern in our LCL cases caused by L. (L.) mexicana was predominantly characterized by the presence of unorganized granuloma without necrosis, (43.8%). Another important finding to be highlighted is the fact that in 50/73 (68.5%) parasite identification was positive. There was direct relation between the size of the lesion and time of evolution (r s = 0.3079, p = 0.03), and inverse correlation between size of the lesion and abundance of amastigotes (r s = -0.2467, p = 0.03). In view of the complexity of clinical and histopathological findings, cell-mediated immune response of the disease related to clinical and histopathological features, as so genetic background should be studied.La Leishmaniosis Cutánea Localizada (LCL) mejor conocida como "úlcera del chiclero" en el sureste de México fue descrita por SEIDELIN en 1912. Desde entonces la región selvática de la península de Yucatán ha sido identificada como un área endémica de LCL. En el presente estudio se analizaron 73 biopsias de lesiones de casos de LCL causados por Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana con el fin de: 1) examinar la respuesta a nivel tisular; y 2) relacionar las manifestaciones de esta respuesta con ciertas características de la presentación clínica. Con base en la clasificación histopatológica de Magalhães el patrón histopatológico más frecuente se caracterizó por la presencia de granuloma desorganizado y ausencia de necrosis (43.83%). Otro hallazgo importante a señalar fue la presencia de parásito en 50/73 (68.5%) de las biopsias estudiadas. Respecto a las posibles relaciones significativas hubo una relación directa entre el tamaño de la lesión y el tiempo de evolución (r s = 0.3079, p = 0.03); una correlación inversa entre el tamaño de la lesión y la abundancia de promastigostes (r s = -0.2467, p = 0.03). Con base en la complejidad de los hallazgos clínicos e histopatológicos, consideramos necesario estudiar la respuesta inmune mediada por células relacionada con los cambios histopatológicos, así como el papel de los factores genéticos

    Unidad aritmética en coma flotante para sistemas autoreconfigurables dinámicamente sobre Spartan-3 basados en Microblaze

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    El presente artículo muestra la implementación de una unidad en coma flotante (FPU) que actúa como coprocesador dentro de un sistema auto-reconfigurable dinámicamente. La FPU tiene capacidad para resolver operaciones básicas como la suma, la resta, el producto, el cociente, la raíz cuadrada, la inversa y el cuadrado. Además, dispone de un registro en el que se almacena el último resultado obtenido con la intención de utilizarlo como operador en el siguiente cálculo, de modo que se reducen los accesos a los buses de comunicación en la resolución de las operaciones matemáticas. El diseño emplea Microblaze como microprocesador del sistema y su implementación se ha realizado sobre una FPGA Spartan 3 de bajo coste. El artículo muestra resultados experimentales en relación al área total ocupada, así como los tiempos de ejecución obtenidos con un ejemplo particular basado en un algoritmo de CORDIC resuelto en coma flotante.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft

    Implementación mediante FPGA de un sistema SVM de verificación de locutor

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    Los sistemas biométricos caracterizados por su alto nivel de seguridad se implementan habitualmente con sistemas procesadores de altas prestaciones como los ordenadores personales. Estos procesadores trabajan en un rango de frecuencias de GHz que les permiten realizar millones de operaciones por segundo, de forma que pueden ejecutar en tiempo real complejos algoritmos de verificación. Sin embargo, esta solución de implementación tiene el inconveniente del elevado coste. La utilización de dispositivos programables del tipo FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) permite obtener a bajo coste soluciones a medida con las que se consiguen elevadas velocidades de proceso similares a los sistemas μP de altas prestaciones. En este artículo se presenta el diseño e implementación sobre una FPGA de un sistema de verificación de locutor basado en los coeficientes Mel-Cepstrum y en un algoritmo de clasificación SVM (Support Vector Machines). Los resultados experimentales obtenidos con el diseño propuesto muestran una velocidad de proceso equiparable a la conseguida con un ordenador personal basado en el μP Pentium IV.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

    Academic production on the use of Serious Games in education : advances achieved

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    A repetição do ato de jogar, permitindo a repetição de uma atividade prazerosa, pode ser uma grande aliada no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Experimentos têm sido realizados com resultados promissores quanto a eficácia e a eficiência na capacidade em compreenderem o conteúdo trabalhado em salas de aulas. Várias pesquisas têm demonstrado que os jogos sérios são tecnologias promissoras para motivar, entreter e, principalmente, para treinar o aluno com o uso repetitivo dos conceitos trabalhados. Para que isto ocorra, é importante que os professores estejam com uma metodologia estruturada para desenvolver e aplicar os jogos sérios em sala de aula. Nesse sentido, este trabalho analisa artigos científicos no âmbito nacional, a fim de apresentar as categorias de ensino em que os jogos são aplicados, analisando sobre a luz de alguma teoria de aprendizagem, se o processo ensino-aprendizagem foi melhorado. Os resultados demonstram a preocupação dos pesquisadores em utilizar teorias de aprendizagem para o desenvolvimento de jogos sérios e em validar o processo ensino-aprendizagem com métodos científicos.The repetition of the act of playing, allowing the repetition of a pleasurable activity, can be a great ally in the teaching-learning process. Experiments have been carried out with promising results regarding effectiveness and efficiency in their ability to understand the content worked in classrooms. Several researches have demonstrated that serious games are promising technologies to motivate, entertain and, mainly, to train the student with the repetitive use of the worked concepts. For this to happen, it is important that teachers have a structured methodology to develop and apply serious games in the classroom. In this sense, this work analyzes scientific articles at the national level, in order to present the teaching categories in which games are applied, analyzing in the light of some learning theory, if the teaching-learning process has been improved. The results demonstrate the researchers' concern in using learning theories for the development of serious games and in validating the teaching-learning process with scientific methods

    Evolução sintomática da esclerose lateral amiotrófica no paciente submetido a fisioterapia / Symptomatic evolution of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a patient undergoing physical therapy

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    A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é uma patologia neurodegenerativa e progressiva, podendo levar o indivíduo a limitações irreversíveis. Sua etiologia ainda é desconhecida, porém existe a hipótese de múltiplos mecanismos dentre fatores genéticos, fatores químicos ou autoimunes. As perdas de neurônios motores resultam no déficit da transmissão de mensagens aos músculos, ocasionando fraqueza muscular, atrofias, contraturas, espasmos, cefaleia, disfagia, câimbras e dificuldades respiratórias. Logo, está diretamente relacionada à atuação do fisioterapeuta, que se apropria de ferramentas de avaliação neuro-funcionais, de sensibilidade, coordenação, força muscular e mobilidade para confirmação do diagnóstico neuro físico funcional e desenvolver uma conduta adequada ao paciente. O presente estudo se dedica a realização de um relato de caso de um paciente portador de ELA atendido na Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia da Faculdade Metropolitana de Marabá. O estudo faz uma análise descritiva das manifestações clínicas, do tratamento proposto e da evolução após aplicação de métodos de reabilitação neurológica. Ao final, pôde-se constatar que o tratamento fisioterapêutico proporcionou a melhora da marcha, tornando-o independente das muletas devido aquisição de força e amplitude de movimento.

    Using Biotic Interaction Networks for Prediction in Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases

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    Networks offer a powerful tool for understanding and visualizing inter-species ecological and evolutionary interactions. Previously considered examples, such as trophic networks, are just representations of experimentally observed direct interactions. However, species interactions are so rich and complex it is not feasible to directly observe more than a small fraction. In this paper, using data mining techniques, we show how potential interactions can be inferred from geographic data, rather than by direct observation. An important application area for this methodology is that of emerging diseases, where, often, little is known about inter-species interactions, such as between vectors and reservoirs. Here, we show how using geographic data, biotic interaction networks that model statistical dependencies between species distributions can be used to infer and understand inter-species interactions. Furthermore, we show how such networks can be used to build prediction models. For example, for predicting the most important reservoirs of a disease, or the degree of disease risk associated with a geographical area. We illustrate the general methodology by considering an important emerging disease - Leishmaniasis. This data mining methodology allows for the use of geographic data to construct inferential biotic interaction networks which can then be used to build prediction models with a wide range of applications in ecology, biodiversity and emerging diseases
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