İlköğretim 1. kademe öğretmen klavuz kitaplarının öğretmen görüşlerine göre değerlendirilmesi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu çalışmanın amacı yenilenen ilköğretim programlarıyla uygulanmaya başlanan öğretmen kılavuz kitaplarını incelemektir. Uygulama esnasında öğretmenlerin kılavuz kitaplardan ne ölçüde faydalandıkları çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmiştir. Kılavuz kitapların uygulamadaki yansımaları öğretmenlerin görüşleri alınarak değerlendirilmiştir Öğretmen kılavuz kitaplarının öğretmenler üzerindeki etkilerine; kısıtlayıcı ve öğretmenleri hazırcılığa yönlendirici bir etkisinin olup olmadığına değinilmiştir. Kitapların öğretmenlerin yaratıcılığına gerek duyulmaksızın öğretmenlik mesleğini niteliksizleştiren bir yanı olup olmadığı tartışılmıştır.Bu araştırmada genel tarama modeli olan betimsel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada öncelikli olarak ilköğretim okullarında uygulanan kılavuz kitaplar nitel olarak incelenmiştir. Kılavuz kitaplarla ilgili öğretmenlerin kılavuz kitapları kullanma durumu ve bu konuyla ilgili düşüncelerini tespit etmek amacıyla öğretmenlere araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen 20 maddelik bir anket uygulanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılan anketler SPSS programında değerlendirilmiştir.Araştırmanın evrenini Kocaeli ilinde görev yapan ilköğretim 1. kademe öğretmenleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise 2008 ? 2009 Eğitim Öğretim yılında Kocaeli ili Başiskele ilçesinde görev yapan öğretmenler içinden gönüllü olarak seçilmiş 102 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Toplanan verilerin analizinde nicel bir yöntem izlenmiştir. Yüzde ve frekanslara yer verilmiştir. İlişkilerin saptanmasında ki kare analizi kullanılmıştır.Araştırmanın sonucuna göre öğretmenlerin kılavuz kitap uygulamasından genel olarak memnun oldukları; sıklıkla kılavuz kitaplardan faydalandıkları ve kitaplara oldukça bağlı kaldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Kılavuz kitapların öğretmenlerin işini kolaylaştırdığı ancak yaratıcılıklarını kısıtladığı ve öğretmenleri hazırcılığa sevk ettiği görülmüştür. Özellikle alan dışı bölümlerden mezun olmuş öğretmenlerimiz tarafından kılavuz kitapların daha fazla tercih edildiği sonucuna varılmıştır.Öğretmen kılavuz kitapları öğretmenlere daha esnek ve yaratıcılığını kullanabilecek bir alan sunabilmelidir. Nitelikli bir öğretmense; kılavuz kitapları kullanırken, kendi mesleki becerilerini köreltmeden yaratıcılığını, deneyimlerini ve yeteneklerini başarıyla eğitim ortamına aktararak kullanabilen kişidir.The aim of this study is analyzing the ?Teachers? Guidebooks? which have been used since the renewed structural primary education programmes. It has been evaluated from different factors that how much teachers benefit from the teachers? guidebooks during the application. The reflections of guidebooks in applications has been evaluated considering teachers? opinions. The effects of guidebooks on teachers and whether they have a limiting effect and tendency to expect everything to be handed to teachers on a silver plate or not has been mentioned in this study. It has been argued whether the guidebooks have a function dequalifying the teaching occupation regardless of the teachers? creativity or not.Descriptive inquiry model, which is a general survey model, has been used in this study. Primarily, guidebooks which are used in primary schools have been analyzed quantitatively in this study. The teachers were given a questionnaire, which had been developed by the researcher, to determine the case of the teacher?s usage of the guidebooks and their ideas about the subject. The questionnaires, which were used for collecting data, have been evaluated by the SPSS 15 programme.The teachers of the first degree of Primary Education who work in Kocaeli form the population of this study. 102 volunteer teachers who work in Başiskele-Kocaeli in the educational year 2008-2009 form the sample group of the study. A quantitative method has been used during the evaluation of the collected data. The percentages and frequencies have been mentioned. ?Ki Square Analysis? has been used while describing the relationships.According to the result of the study, it has been found out that the teachers are generally pleased with the application of guidebooks and they use these books very often. It has been noticed that the guidebooks make the teachers? job easier; but sometimes they restrict the teachers? creativity and make them think everything is ready-made for them. It has also been stated that especially the teachers who graduated from different disciplines prefer to use the guidebooks much more than the others.Guidebooks should provide teachers with a flexible scope where they can use their creativity. A qualified teacher is the person who can succesfully use his creativity, experience, and abilities without declining his own professional skills while using the guidebooks

Bibliometric profile of articles published on health tourismSağlık turizmi konusunda yayınlanan makalelerin bibliyometrik profili

Bibliometric methods for assessments quantitative attributes of articles, documents or any other publications are used in tourism field progressively and give tips relevant scientific fields. Aim of this study is to reach some findings by examining health tourism articles in Turkish academic journals and ISI Web of Knowledge database with determined variables. For this purpose, 91 articles in Turkish academic journals and 155 articles in ISI Web of Knowledge database called also Web of Science which includes the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) are collected and examine in terms of bibliometrics characteristics. According to findings, academic studies on the subject of health tourism concentrated on especially in the last 7-8 years and most publications centered in 2011 (16.3%). %57.7 of articles covered in the study used the empirical approach and % 42.3 of articles were conceptual papers. Articles mostly published in tourism field (53), geography (44), medicine (32) respectively. As the articles in health tourism field researched, it can be seen that the studies in Turkish mainly centered on geography department under the sub-field of thermal, while articles published in English are centered on field of medicine under the sub-field of medical treatment. The studied articles showed that most of the articles (% 61) tend to have multiple authors.  ÖzetTurizm alanında her geçen gün daha fazla kullanılmaya başlanan bibliyometri yöntemi, basılı yayınların nicel analiz ile bazı özelliklerinin incelenerek ve çözümlenerek ilgili alanın bilimsel iletişimine ilişkin ipuçları veren bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkçe akademik dergiler ile ISI Web of Knowledge veritabanındaki dergilerde, 1991-2014 yılları arasında yayımlanan sağlık turizmi konulu makalelerin bibliyometri yöntemine göre incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla, Türkçe akademik dergilerde ulaşılabilen 91 makale ve ISI Web Of Knowledge veritabanından ulaşılabilen 155 makale bibliyometrik özellikleri açısından incelenmiştir. Sağlık turizmi konusuna ilişkin akademik çalışmaların özellikle 2000’li yıllardan sonra yoğunlaştığı, en fazla çalışmanın 2011 yılına (% 16,3) ait olduğu görülmüştür. Makalelerin % 57,7’sinde görgül yaklaşım tercih edilirken % 42,3’ünde kavramsal yaklaşım tercih edilmiştir. En fazla makalenin (53)  turizm alanında çalışan yazarlar tarafından yapıldığı bunu coğrafya (44) ve tıp (32) alanındaki yazarların izlediği görülmüştür. Türkçe makalelerin daha çok coğrafya alanında çalışan akademisyenler tarafından “termal” alt başlığı, İngilizce yayımlanan makalelerin ise tıp alanında çalışan akademisyenler tarafından “tıbbi tedavi” alt başlığında yoğunlaştığı görülmüştür.  İncelenen makalelerin önemli bir kısmının (% 61) çok yazarlılık durumu sergilediği elde edilen sonuçlardandır

Kolin’in Merkezi ve Periferik Kolinerjik Nöronlarda ve Kolinerjik İletimdeki İşlevi

Kolin bir kuaterner amin olup, nörotrasmitter asetilkolinin ve membranın temel yapılarından fosfotidilkolin’in öncül maddesidir. Kolin ayrıca vücutta, metionin ve s-adenosilmetionin rejenerasyonu için gerekli metil guruplarının vericisi olan, betaine de metabolize olur. Bu derlemede esas olarak kolin’in cholinergic noronal görevlerindeki rolü üzerinde durulacaktır. Kolinerjik nöronların asetilkolin sentezi için kulandıkları kolin esas olarak kaynağı dolaşımdır. Dolaşımdaki kolin’in düzeyi 6-8 saatlik açlık sonrası 10 μM kadardır. Bu düzey yemek sonrası, gıdalardaki kolin‘in miktarına göre, 20-60 μM kadar yükselebilir. Farmakolojik dozlarda tedavi ile de kan kolin düzeyi 200-300 μM kadar yükselebilir. Kolin’i asetilkoline dönüştüren enzim kolinasetiltrasferaz enzimi substratı kolini zayıf bir şekilde doyurulmuş olduğundan plazmada kolin düzeyinin yükselmesi asetilkolin sentezini arttırır. Kolin, yeterince yüksek düzeylerinde (0,5-100 mM gibi), muskarinik ve nikotinik asetikolin reseptörleri ile agonist olarak da etkileşir. Kolin tedavisi nörotrasmitter asetilkolin’in sentez ve salıverilmesinde hızlanma ve merkezi ve periferik muskarinik ve nikotinik kolinerjik iletide yükselme ile sonuçlanır. Kolin, burada tartışılacak olan, kolinerjik nitelikte birçok fizyolojik, farmakolojik ve nörokimyasal etkiler oluşturur

Dietary Crude Lecithin Increases Systemic Availability of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid with Combined Intake in Rats

Crude lecithin, a mixture of mainly phospholipids, potentially helps to increase the systemic availability of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Nevertheless, no clear data exist on the effects of prolonged combined dietary supplementation of DHA and lecithin on RBC and plasma PUFA levels. In the current experiments, levels of DHA and choline, two dietary ingredients that enhance neuronal membrane formation and function, were determined in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) from rats after dietary supplementation of DHA-containing oils with and without concomitant dietary supplementation of crude lecithin for 2–3 weeks. The aim was to provide experimental evidence for the hypothesized additive effects of dietary lecithin (not containing any DHA) on top of dietary DHA on PUFA levels in plasma and RBC. Dietary supplementation of DHA-containing oils, either as vegetable algae oil or as fish oil, increased DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and total n-3 PUFA, and decreased total omega-6 PUFA levels in plasma and RBC, while dietary lecithin supplementation alone did not affect these levels. However, combined dietary supplementation of DHA and lecithin increased the changes induced by DHA supplementation alone. Animals receiving a lecithin-containing diet also had a higher plasma free choline concentration as compared to controls. In conclusion, dietary DHA-containing oils and crude lecithin have synergistic effects on increasing plasma and RBC n-3 PUFA levels, including DHA and EPA. By increasing the systemic availability of dietary DHA, dietary lecithin may increase the efficacy of DHA supplementation when their intake is combined.Nutricia Researc

Comparison of Self-reported and Measured Height, Weight and BMI in Turkish University Students

Accuracy and validity of self-reported height and weight, and body image satisfaction have not been yet evaluated particularly in young adult population in Turkey. The aim of the study was to establish the differences between self-reported and measured height and weight, and body mass index (BMI). The study was conducted on 617 university students (304 males and 313 females) aged 17–30 years from Ankara and Sivas, Turkey. Height and weight were measured and obtained by a questionnaire. From both measured and self-reported values for accuracy absolute differences were calculated. BMI was calculated from both self-reported and m

Interactions of dietary fat with the gut microbiota: evaluation of mechanisms and metabolic consequences

The current scientific literature proposes that both the amount and type of dietary fat modulate homeostasis of the gut microbiota; disturbances in homeostasis may have metabolic consequences with potentially serious clinical manifestations. The evidence for interactions between dietary fat and gut microbiota has been mostly derived from animal studies, but there is now also evidence emerging from human studies. We will review the current literature on how dietary fat influences the gut microbiota, particularly focusing on the type of fat. Mechanisms detailing how this crosstalk may impact on host metabolism and health will also be discussed. Some studies have reported somewhat controversial findings and therefore we will evaluate critically which possible aspects should be considered when interpreting current and planning further studies to explore the diet-microbiota crosstalk and its metabolic and clinical implications for the host.</p

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Obesity and Malnutrition in Preschool Children: The Case of Ankara

Human growth and development are dynamic processes that are shaped by both environmental and genetic factors. In early childhood exposure to negative environmental conditions and monitoring nutritional status are important for general public health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and obesity in preschool children (36-72 month). It was also aimed to demonstrate the correlation between these variables and socioeconomic statuses. This cross-sectional study was conducted with324 preschool children (163 boys and 161 girls) in a sample representing in Ankara. Height and weight results were recorded according to the International Biological Programme standard protocols, and the values of Body Mass Index and z-score were calculated. Children's nutritional status was determined according to cut off points offered by the World Health Organization. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 11.11% and 3.40%, respectively. The effects of socioeconomic status on malnutrition and obesity are also included in our study

Cytidine and Uridine Increase Striatal CDP-Choline Levels Without Decreasing Acetylcholine Synthesis or Release

SUMMARY Aims: Treatments that increase acetylcholine release from brain slices decrease the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine by, and its levels in, the slices. We examined whether adding cytidine or uridine to the slice medium, which increases the utilization of choline to form phospholipids, also decreases acetylcholine levels and release. Methods: We incubated rat brain slices with or without cytidine or uridine (both 25-400 µM), and with or without choline (20-40 µM), and measured the spontaneous and potassium-evoked release of acetylcholine. Results: Striatal slices stimulated for 2 h released 2650 ± 365 pmol of acetylcholine per mg protein when incubated without choline, or 4600 ± 450 pmol/mg protein acetylcholine when incubated with choline (20 µM). Adding cytidine or uridine (both 25-400 µM) to the media failed to affect acetylcholine release whether or not choline was also added, even though the pyrimidines (400 µM) did enhance choline`s utilization to form CDP-choline by 89 or 61%, respectively. The pyrimidines also had no effect on acetylcholine release from hippocampal and cortical slices. Cytidine or uridine also failed to affect acetylcholine levels in striatal slices, nor choline transport into striatal synaptosomes. Conclusion: These data show that cytidine and uridine can stimulate brain phosphatide synthesis without diminishing acetylcholine synthesis or release

Peer relations linking overweight and obesity, and mediator factors among Turkish adolescents

Depending on the individual’s body height and frame structure and body weight, obesity is considered both as a socially accepted norm in a society and as exceeding the accepted upper limits. The present study aimed to determine the associations between overweight and obesity, peer relationships, and nutritional and physical activity behaviour among Turkish adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ankara, and the sample consisted of 402 adolescents (171 boys and 231 girls) aged between 12 and 17 years. A physical examination was conducted to collect anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI, and body fat using bio-impedance analysis), and detailed information was collected on adolescents’ behaviour (Peer Relationship Scale with four sub-scales of commitment, trust and identification, self-disclosure, and loyalty), diet (24h recall dietary questionnaire), physical activity, self-reported weight, parental attitudes, and socio-economic circumstances. BMI was evaluated using IOTF cut-off points, and simple mediation analyses were performed using ordinary least squares path analysis by the PROCESS macro for SPSS. The results showed that according to the weight status by BMI using IOTF cut-offs, thinness was more prominent in girls (9.5%), overweight was higher in girls (19%), while obesity was higher in boys (8.8%). Total body fat percentage was found to be higher in girls in all weight groups (p &lt; 0.001). The Peer Relationship Scale and, commitment, self-disclosure, and loyalty sub-scales were found to be statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001); girls tend to have higher scores except for the loyalty sub- scale. According to the results, self-reported and actual weight differences were found to be significant in both sexes (p &lt; 0.001), and among IOTF weight groups overweight girls tended to report their weight approximately 2 kg lower than their actual weight and obese girls more than 5 kg lower. In conclusion, the mediation analysis showed that fat percentage, self-reported weight difference, and BMI were significant predictors of Peer Relationship Score where fat percentage partially mediated the relationship between the Peer Relationship Scale and BMI, and full mediation effect of self-reported weight difference was also significant. The relation of the high level of fat accumulation and overweight/obesity with Peer Relationship Scores and its sub-domains should be carefully monitored