Neder v. United States and the Current State of Constitutional Harmless Error Doctrine in the Federal Courts

Article published in the Michigan State University School of Law Student Scholarship Collection

Alden v. Maine and State Sovereign Immunity Original Intent or an Intent Congenial to the Court\u27s Desires

In Alden v. Maine the Supreme Court considered whether Congress, pursuant to its Article I powers, can subject a nonconsenting state to a private suit for damages in the state\u27s own courts. Alternatively viewed, the question was whether a state has sovereign immunity which precludes such suits. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that Article I of the Constitution does not grant Congress the power to subject a nonconsenting state to a private suit for damages in the state\u27s own courts. The decision represents a direct extension of the federalism developed by the Court in Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida, and is philosophically consistent with other recent states fights cases such as New York v. United States, and Printz v. United States. This note will review the history of state sovereign immunity and congressional power to subject states to lawsuits. Next, this note will examine the holdings and opinions in Alden. Finally, the underlying basis for the Alden decision will be analyzed

NATURAL FACTORS DETERMINING THE DIVERSITY AND INFLUENCE WINE QUALITY

The present study is a short review and highlights in a concrete manner the main natural factors that determine the diversity and influence the quality of wines. Thus, from the category of natural factors that determine the diversity and quality of wine, the grape variety, the climatic factor, the soil and a special factor, the wine cultivation technology or the wine-making technology are highlighted. Wine can be considered as the most complex food product with over 1,000 volatile compounds being considered as "sun, soil and soul"

Total phenolic content in several potato cultivars (Brasov, 2015-2016)

Potato tubers are a valuable source of bioactive nutrients such starch, amino-acids, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals and phenolic compounds. Some of these phenolics could have beneficial effects on humans health. The present study evaluated the total phenolic compounds (TPC) in skin and flesh of thirty potato genotypes grown in Brasov trials, over two years. Lower levels of TPC were found in the flesh than in the skin of the tubers. Blue varieties Salad Blue had the highest values for all parameters excepting the TPC in flesh which was higher in the genotype Blue Purple of Galanesti. For TPC, maximum values find in flesh and skin tissue were 3.76 and 10.79 mg / gallic acid equivalents (values reported on dry weight)

THE EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF DIETARY FIBER IN WHITE BEAN OVER THE TECHNOLOGICAL AND SENSORY QUALITIES OF WHITE BREAD

The study aims to trace the influence of addition dietary fibres of white beans over technological and sensory properties of white bread. White beans, in the form of flour has been added due to high dietary fiber content, thus aiming to achieve a functional product with superior properties for people with digestive problems, those who are prone to diabetes, healing colon and prevent constipation operation, reduces the risk of colon cancer, reduce the risk of breast cancer, reduce the risk of obesity, reduce installation cholesterol levels and hepatic cholesterol synthesis etc. Bean flour is added to the dough stage (in percentage) of 3, 5, 7 and 10 percent of the mass of the flour used, obtaining four types of bread to which they are determined through a series of physical-chemical indices and sensory as well as volume, porosity, humidity, acidity, smell, yield, taste, color etc

Protocol for a Trial Assessing the Impacts of School-Based WaSH Interventions on Children’s Health Literacy, Handwashing, and Nutrition Status in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Diarrhea, soil-transmitted helminth infection and malnutrition are leading causes of child mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To reduce the prevalence of these diseases, effective interventions for adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) should be implemented. This paper describes the design of a cluster-randomized controlled trial that will compare the efficacy of four school-based WaSH interventions for improving children’s health literacy, handwashing, and nutrition. Interventions consisted of (1) WaSH policy reinforcement; (2) low-, medium-, or high-volume health education; (3) hygiene supplies; and (4) WaSH facilities (e.g., toilets, urinals, handwashing basins) improvements. We randomly allocated school clusters from the intervention arm to one of four groups to compare with schools from the control arm. Primary outcomes were: children’s health literacy, physical growth, nutrition status, and handwashing prevalence. Secondary outcomes were: children’s self-reported health status and history of extreme hunger, satisfaction with WaSH facilities, and school restrooms’ WaSH adequacy. We will measure differences in pre- and post-intervention outcomes and compare these differences between control and intervention arms. This research protocol can be a blueprint for future school-based WaSH intervention studies to be conducted in LMICs. Study protocols were approved by the ethics committees of the University of Bonn, Germany, and the University of the Philippines Manila. This trial was retroactively registered, ID number: DRKS00021623

Neder v. United States and the Current State of Constitutional Harmless Error Doctrine in the Federal Courts

Article published in the Michigan State University School of Law Student Scholarship Collection

Alden v. Maine and State Sovereign Immunity Original Intent or an Intent Congenial to the Court\u27s Desires

In Alden v. Maine the Supreme Court considered whether Congress, pursuant to its Article I powers, can subject a nonconsenting state to a private suit for damages in the state\u27s own courts. Alternatively viewed, the question was whether a state has sovereign immunity which precludes such suits. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that Article I of the Constitution does not grant Congress the power to subject a nonconsenting state to a private suit for damages in the state\u27s own courts. The decision represents a direct extension of the federalism developed by the Court in Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida, and is philosophically consistent with other recent states fights cases such as New York v. United States, and Printz v. United States. This note will review the history of state sovereign immunity and congressional power to subject states to lawsuits. Next, this note will examine the holdings and opinions in Alden. Finally, the underlying basis for the Alden decision will be analyzed

Research projects needed for expediting development of domestic oil and gas resources through arctic, offshore, and drilling technology

This document contains the research projects which were identified at an industry-government workshop on Arctic, Offshore, and Drilling Technology (AODT) held at Bartlesville Energy Technology Center, January 5-7, 1981. The purpose of the workshop was to identify those problem areas where government research could provide technology advancement that would assist industry in accelerating the discovery and development of US oil and gas resouces. The workshop results are to be used to guide an effective research program. The workshop identified and prioritized the tasks that need to be implemented. All of the projects listed in the Arctic and Offshore sections were selected as appropriate for a Department of Energy (DOE) research role. The drilling projects identified as appropriate only for industry research have been separated in the Drilling section of this report

Carbon stocking in the natural forests - the case of Malaysia

Forested land in the world is about 28% of the global land area, accounting for 80% of the terrestrial carbon stored as biomass and soil organic carbon. Human activities, namely fossil fuel combustion and deforestation resulted in anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere. Deforestation is being focused in this study in view of the role of forests as carbon stocks. Carbon is normally referred to as biomass of the tree. Several studies revealed that carbon is mostly sequestered in the aboveground part of biomass. As Southeast Asia has the highest level of deforestation, this study focused on observing carbon stocks in Malaysian forests. The conducted estimation of forest carbon stocks reveals carbon stock increment owing to the increment in the forested land. Yet, the forest transition process necessary for expanding the areas of forested land appears to be difficult to achieve. The economic development in the agricultural sector, land conversion for industrialization and settlement, expansion of wood-based industry and employment opportunities in the wood-based sector may hamper forest transition