La hipnosis en la inducción de los trastornos disociativos

The text analyzes the possible influence of hypnosis on the configuration of dissociative disorders. Specifically, it discusses the controversy between authors who defend the existence of an altered state of consciousness or trance in hypnosis and those who criticise this standpoint and hold that the variables of the hypnotic situation are responsible for the hypnotic behavior. These arguments are related to explanations of dissociative disorders, and finally these disorders are suggested to be iatrogenic.En el presente trabajo se analiza la influencia que la hipnosis puede ejercer en la configuración de los trastornos disociativos. En concreto, se exponen los principales argumentos esgrimidos por el autor que defiende la existencia de un estado alterado de conciencia o trance en la hipnosis y los que, en contraposición, consideran que son las variables de la situación hipnótica las responsables de este comportamiento. Estos argumentos se ponen en relación con las explicaciones dadas para los trastornos disociativos sugiriéndose, finalmente, el carácter iatrogénico de los mismos

Reducing Self-Stigma in People with Severe Mental Illness Participating in a Regular Football League: An Exploratory Study

For the past 15 years, a regular indoor football competition has been taking place in Madrid (Spain) with 15 teams from different mental health services in the city, in which teams face off weekly as part of a competition lasting nine months of the year. We are not aware of whether a similar competition experience is offered in other cities. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether participating in this league, called Ligasame, has an influence on participants’ self-stigma. To do so, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (ISMI) was adapted into Spanish and applied to 108 mental health patients, 40% of which participated in Ligasame, and the remainder of which did not. The results obtained reflect significant differences between those participating in Ligasame and those that did not in terms of two specific dimensions related to self-stigma (stereotype endorsement and stigma resistance) and total score. On the other hand, no significant differences were found in terms of other variables, such as patients’ prior diagnosis, age or belonging to different resources/associations. In this article, we discuss the importance of these results in relation to reducing self-stigma through participation in a regular yearly mental health football league

Evaluación de la toma de perspectiva en la esquizofrenia a través de la Teoría de los Marcos Relacionales: el papel de la introducción de ayudas contextuales

El presente estudio pretende evaluar la toma de perspectiva en personas con esquizofrenia a través de una tarea de respuesta relacional deíctica y un test de atribución de estados mentales. Participaron doce personas con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia y doce personas sin diagnóstico clínico. Los resultados revelaron la presencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la ejecución de estas tareas. Los efectos de grupo permanecieron significativos tras examinar los posibles efectos del CI. La actuación en la tarea de respuesta relacional deíctica no permitió predecir de manera consistente la ejecución en la tarea de atribución de estados mentales en ambos grupos. Se discuten estos resultados, y se proponen líneas de estudio que supongan un avance hacia la conceptuación de la atribución de estados mentales en términos de la Teoría de los Marcos Relacionales (RFT).The present study aims to assess perspective taking in people with schizophrenia through a deictic relational response task and a test of mental state attribution. The sample was composed by twelve people diagnosed with schizophrenia and twelve people without clinical diagnosis. The results revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in the execution of these tasks. The effects of group remained significant after considering the possible effects of CI. The acting in the deictic relational response task did not allow consistently predict the performance in the task of mental state attribution in both groups. We discuss these results, and suggests lines of study that advance towards the conceptualization of mental state attribution in terms of Relational Frame Theory (RFT)

The current status of hypnosis in Spain

While Spanish academic researchers have actively attempted to disengage hypnosis from its traditional links with altered states and automatism, and to promote it by linking hypnotic phenomena with other everyday psychological processes, in the legal field there seems to have been little activity. Among jurists, opinion is divided regarding the exact influence of hypnosis on conscious will, although some maintain that hypnosis can override will, and most that being in a state of hypnosis at the time of committing a criminal act can be used as a defence, depending on knowledge of the prior personality of the individual and the kind of suggestions given. Consequently, because of its alleged influence on will, hypnosis is forbidden by law in Spain as an investigative procedure. Likewise, the practice of hypnosis has been removed from Spanish public health system services, and it cannot be subsidized by private insurance companies. We conclude that traditional notions of hypnosis may be holding back its practical acceptance in Spain. Copyright © 2000 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosi

Tratamiento psicológico del trastorno esquizotípico de la personalidad: Un estudio de caso

En el presente estudio se expone un procedimiento de intervención en un caso diagnosticado de Trastorno Esquizotípico de la Personalidad. Se ha centrado el tratamiento en aquellos aspectos personales con mayor repercusión social o importancia de cara a otras conductas problema. En la intervención se han utilizado componentes y principios recogidos en la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso y la Psicoterapia Analítico Funcional. Los resultados señalan la utilidad de estas estrategias en el trastorno esquizotípico de la personalidad

Alteraciones de la personalidad asociadas a las conductas adictivas

La presente investigación indaga los aspectos clínicos y de la personalidad relacionados con la drogadicción. Para ello se aplicó el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon (MCMI-II) y se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados obtenidos señalan la presencia de diferentes alteraciones de personalidad relacionadas con un mayor o menor abuso de drogas. Así, los sujetos con una puntuación menor en esta escala, no manifestarían características reseñables, a excepción de componentes antisociales de la personalidad. Sin embargo, los sujetos con una abuso de drogas pronunciado mostrarían una constelación amplia de distintas alteraciones. Se analiza la importancia de estos resultados de cara a la intervención.This study analyzes clinical and personality aspects related to drug addiction. The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II (MCMI-II) and a modified Graña (1994) semi-structured interview were employed. The results obtained indicate the presence of several different personality disorders related to different degrees of drug abuse. Subjects with lower scores on this scale did not show noticeable characteristics. except for antisocial elements of the personality. However, the subjects with a greater level of drug abuse did show a wide range of disorders. The importancc of these results for intervention is analyzed

Factorial Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Stigma (AAQ-S) in Spain

The objective of the present study was to validate and adapt the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Stigma (AAQ-S) to the Spanish context. Method: The study included the participation of 1212 subjects, with an average age of 17.12 years old. Results: The confirmatory factorial analysis revealed a number of adequate fit indices for the new version of the scale χ2/df = 3.24; Comparative Fit Index = 0.96; Incremental Fit Index = 0.96; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.060; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.035, in which the factorial structures displayed gender invariance. The two factors comprise the scale both exhibited high internal consistency (+0.90) and temporal stability. Conclusion: The Spanish version of the AAQ-S proved to be a robust and adequate psychometric instrument. In this sense, future lines of research focused on determining the role of psychological flexibility in stigma and the processes of change at the base of interventions could benefit substantially from the use of AAQ-S

Validation of the Scale of Emotional States in the Physical Education Context

The purpose of the present study was to validate an instrument of student emotional experiences in the Spanish Physical Education context. The sample of participants consisted of 864 secondary education students from various educational institutions of Spain who ranged in age from 13 to 19 years. To assess the psychometric properties of the Scale of Emotions in Physical Education (SEPE), various types of analyses were conducted. The factor structure of the SEPE was examined through confirmatory factorial analysis in relation to two models. In the first model, it was proposed that the eight first order factors, which represented the eight emotional states, would be correlated amongst each other. In the second model, an eight-factor model with two higher order factors was proposed, with these higher order factors representing distinct sets of positive and negative emotions. The results provide support the presence of an eight-factor second order model which consisted of sets of four positive emotions and four negative emotions. These results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the SEPE within the Spanish Physical Education context

A Case Study of Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive Personality Disorder Using Third-Generation Behavioral Therapies

This article presents a case study of anorexia nervosa and obsessive personality disorder as a means of describing the main therapeutic interventions in the framework of “third-generation” therapies. The sessions were videotaped by independent observers. The particulars of the therapeutic relationship (based on functional analytic psychotherapy) and the contextual strategies (based on acceptance and commitment therapy) used are analyzed here. This case highlights progressive positive changes in social behavior, including congruence of values and vital actions, resolution of the eating disorder, greater openness to experience, and decreased pervasive thoughts. The discussion associates these changes with the types of intervention specific to this therapeutic approach